跨区域中小银行组织结构设计:新制度经济学的视角

2009年银监会下调城商行异地市场准入政策,从而加速了中小银行的跨区域经营热潮.中小银行跨区域经营面临更激烈的市场竞争和挑战,如何生存、发展、壮大是中小银行面临的重大课题,如何设计组织结构以保证发展是跨区域发展的中小银行必须解决的迫切问题.本文从新制度经济学的交易费用理论入手,提出中小银行在跨区域经营的组织架构中,既要实现垂直向下的部门一体化,也必须相应提高分支机构的管理边界,从而减少内部摩擦和交易费用,提升效率;通过比较当前的商业银行组织结构,分析中小银行跨区域发展过程中存在的问题,最终提出适合中小银行跨区域发展的组织架构与管控模式.     

我国城市商业银行跨区域经营的风险管理分析

2006年上海银行宁波分行开业是我国城市商业银行第一家异地分行开业,自此城市商业银行跨区域经营已经历了五年多的时间。2007～2008年,是城商行设立异地分支机构的高峰年。近五年来,城商行跨区域发展稳步推进,而且日益呈现"速度加快、范围扩大"的总体趋势。到2011年末,城市商业银行跨区域经营成为城商行迅速发展的重要战略,到2011年末,我国已经有相当数量的城市商业银行实现跨区域发展,近年来城商行跨区域经营开设异地分支机构的意愿也日益强烈。虽然城商行通过跨区域经营后得到长足发展,进一步提高了城商行的竞争实力,同时跨区域经营业给城市商业银行造成一系列新的困难和挑战。在城商行跨区域经营过程中出现的最主要问题之一是风险管理控制问题,2010年年末齐鲁银行票据诈骗案的曝光,更加引起人们对城商行近年来的快速发展以及跨区域经营异地分支机构设立进行重新审视和思考,特别是重视城商行跨区域经营中的风险管控问题。在此背景下,笔者对城商行异地分支机构发展过程中存在的风险进行分析,并提出城商行跨区域经营过程中对风险的管理措施。     

我国城市商业银行跨区域经营的风险管理分析

2006年上海银行宁波分行开业是我国城市商业银行第一家异地分行开业,自此城市商业银行跨区域经营已经历了五年多的时间。2007～2008年,是城商行设立异地分支机构的高峰年。近五年来,城商行跨区域发展稳步推进,而且日益呈现"速度加快、范围扩大"的总体趋势。到2011年末,城市商业银行跨区域经营成为城商行迅速发展的重要战略,到2011年末,我国已经有相当数量的城市商业银行实现跨区域发展,近年来城商行跨区域经营开设异地分支机构的意愿也日益强烈。虽然城商行通过跨区域经营后得到长足发展,进一步提高了城商行的竞争实力,同时跨区域经营业给城市商业银行造成一系列新的困难和挑战。在城商行跨区域经营过程中出现的最主要问题之一是风险管理控制问题,2010年年末齐鲁银行票据诈骗案的曝光,更加引起人们对城商行近年来的快速发展以及跨区域经营异地分支机构设立进行重新审视和思考,特别是重视城商行跨区域经营中的风险管控问题。在此背景下,笔者对城商行异地分支机构发展过程中存在的风险进行分析,并提出城商行跨区域经营过程中对风险的管理措施。     

河北省城市商业银行跨区域经营模式分析

城市商业银行(简称城商行)是90年代中期由城市信用社改造而成的地方性中小银行,经过多年发展,城商行开始探索打破地域限制,寻求广阔的发展空间,在异地设立分支机构。每个银行的特点和经营方式不同,跨区域经营中选择的模式也各有差异。本文主要分析的是河北省城商行跨区域经营模式,首先描述了河北城商行跨区域经营现状;然后列举了三种跨区域经营模式,并对三种模式做出了分析比较;最后针对河北省城商行实际发展特点,提出了适合河北省城商行跨区域发展的模式-吸收联合模式,并给予了可行性分析。     

分支机构市场准入放松、跨区域经营与银行绩效

2009年中国银监会发布143号文放松了分支机构市场准入规制。借助这一外生政策冲击对商业银行异地分支机构数量的影响,本文通过构造工具变量规范而系统地检验了商业银行跨区域经营对银行绩效的影响。研究结果发现:第一,银监会分支机构市场准入放松对跨区域经营有着显著的促进作用;第二,跨区域经营对商业银行的正面效应表现在市场份额、净息差和收入结构的改善,负面效应表现在营业成本的增加,对总资产收益率的影响并不显著。     

加强中小银行异地分支机构内部控制的探讨

在异地设立分支机构是中小银行跨区域发展的战略需要,在更广更深的区域和范围内拓展空间,关系到其未来发展的层次和规模、社会定位、社会形象和社会责任,具有重大而现实的意义。随着异地分支机构的逐步设立,如何保证其总行各项方针政策的正确传导,保证各项管理措施落实到位,保证各项业务顺利稳健运行,并能有效地控制风险,     

我国城市商业银行跨区域经营前后差异的比较研究北大核心SSCI

据统计,截至2010年底,我国14 7家城市商业银行中实现跨区域经营的有78家,占5 3%。一直以来,理论界对城商行跨区域经营的战略褒贬不一,本文将跨区域经营的城商行分为从一线城市到二三线城市、从二三线城市到一线城市和向同等规模城市设立分支机构三类,分别从信贷规模、风险分散效果和盈利能力三个维度研究跨区域经营的影响。研究表明:跨区域经营可以迅速提高异地分行的信贷规模;但在分散风险的效果上具有差异性,只有从一线城市到二三线城市跨区域经营的城商行分散风险的效果较为明显;跨区域经营在短期内并没有明显改善盈利能力。     

我国城市商业银行跨区域经营前后差异的比较研究

据统计,截至2010年底,我国147家城市商业银行中实现跨区域经营的有78家,占53％.一直以来,理论界对城商行跨区域经营的战略褒贬不一,本文将跨区域经营的城商行分为从一线城市到二三线城市、从二三线城市到一线城市和向同等规模城市设立分支机构三类,分别从信贷规模、风险分散效果和盈利能力三个维度研究跨区域经营的影响.研究表明:跨区域经营可以迅速提高异地分行的信贷规模;但在分散风险的效果上具有差异性,只有从一线城市到二三线城市跨区域经营的城商行分散风险的效果较为明显;跨区域经营在短期内并没有明显改善盈利能力.     

基于Malmquist指数的我国农村商业银行跨区域经营效率研究

我国农村商业银行面临市场定位和跨区域经营的担忧。通过DEA-Malmquist全要素生产率指数测算前沿效率,发现2007—2013年18家样本银行处于效率波动和小幅下降阶段,技术进步的作用强于技术效率变化;从效率值排位来看,省内异地经营最高、仅省内经营其次、跨省经营效率最低;金融危机对跨区域经营有系统性副作用,应在"窗口期"后优先进行省内异地经营。     

城市商业银行异地分支机构迅速扩张的问题及建议

2006年以来城市商业银行设立异地分支机构门槛逐步降低。本文由锦州银行跨区域经营的发展状况入手,分析城市商业银行异地快速扩张过程中易出现的问题和风险,并提出相应建议。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.