如何对会计行为单位负责人

新的《会计法》明确了单位负责人为本单位会计行为的责任主体，突出了单位负责人违反《会计法》法的法律责任问题。单位负责人如何对本单位的会计行为负责，如何规避会计法律责任，本人以为应从以下几个方面着手，并努力做好。     

浅谈单位负责人的会计责任

《会计法》规定：“单位负责人对本单位的会计工作和会计资料的真实性、完整性负责”，这一规定强调了单位负责人是本单位会计行为的责任主体，本文对此谈点看法。     

浅谈单位负责人作为会计责任主体的职责

突出强调单位负责人对本单位的会计工作和会计资料的真实性、完整性的责任，是这次修改《会计法》的重大突破之一。对此，本文拟就单位负责人怎样切实承担起《会计法》赋予的这一职责，谈点粗浅认识。 原《会计法》规定单位负责人、会计人员和其他人员都是会计责任主体，要求大家负责，结果往往无人负责。当某单位因提供虚假会计资料被追究责任时，负责人可以借口推脱，其他有关人员更可推卸责任。这说明原来的会计责任制度约束性不够严密。从前几年整顿会计工作秩序的检查情况看，产生违法会计行为的原因虽是多方面的，但主要的原因在单位…     

国有企业实行《内部会计控制规范》的必然性

保证会计资料真实、完整，是新《会计法》的灵魂和核心，而《内部会计控制规范》是保证会计资料真实、完整的基础。新《会计法》第一章明确规定，单位负责人对本单位的会计工作和会计资料的真实性和完整性负责。单位负责人作为本单位会计工作的第一负责人，应当如何履行《会计法》所赋予的职责关键是要建立一套行之有效的内部控制制度。《会计法》明确单位负责人为会计责任主体，并不是要求单位负责人事必躬亲，直接代替会计人员输会计事务，而是应当建立健全有效的内部控制制度，明确会计工作人员的职责权限、工作规程和纪律要求，切实制定并有效执行企业内部控制制度，使《会计法》的各项规定落实到位，确保单位会计工作规范有序地运行。     

浅谈单位负责人作为会计责任主体的职责

原《会计法》规定单位负责人、会计人员和其他人员都是会计责任主体，要求大家负责，结果往往无人负责。当某单位因提供虚假会计资料被迫究责任时，负责人可以借口推脱，其他有关人员更可推卸责任。这说明原来的会计责任制度约束性不够严密。     

浅谈单位负责人作为会计责任主体的职责

单位负责人,是指单位法定代表人或者法律、行政法规规定代表本单位行使职权的主要负责人。原《会计法》规定单位负责人、会计人员和其他人员都是会计责任主体,要求大家负责,结果往往无人负责。当某单位因提供虚假会计资料被追究责任时,负责人可以借口不懂业务为由推脱,其他有关     

新《会计法》有助于降低审计风险

从审计角度看 ,会计信息失真带来的直接后果是审计风险的不断加大。新《会计法》的颁布实施 ,对改善审计执业环境 ,降低审计执业风险提供了法律保障。笔者通过学习新《会计法》 ,谈一些认识。一、新《会计法》明确了会计责任主体 ,为被审计单位会计责任的落实提供了法律依据会计责任即会计主体单位应承担的责任。单位负责人作为单位会计工作的领导者和管理者 ,对单位会计资料的真实性、完整性负责 ,是国际通行的做法。可是 ,我国原《会计法》的对此规定不甚明确 ,只是笼统地提出单位负责人、会计机构、会计人员对本单位会计工作和会计资料的…     

推行会计委派制应注意的几个问题

新《会计法》明确规定：单位负责人是本单位会计行为的责任主体，对会计资料的真实性、完整性负全责。如果一个单位在会计方面出了问题，首先要追究单位负责人的法律责任。这就可以从组织领导上保证“会计法”和各项会计制度的正确贯彻执行。现在，要向这个单位委派会计人员，委派会计人员的责任是什么?单位负责人和委派会计人员的职责权限如何划分?     

对受托经办企业负责人离任经济责任审计的新思考

修订的《会计法》第四条、第二十一条和第二十八条分别规定“单位负责人对本单位的会计工作和会计资料的真实性、完整性负责”；“单位负责人应当保证财务会计报告真实、完整”；“单位负责人应当保证会计机构、会计人员依法履行职责，不得授意、指使、强令会计机构、会计人员违法办理会计事项”。这些规定从根本上明确了单位负责人为本单位会计行为的责任主体。对此联想到当会计师事务所受托承办一些企业 (公司 )厂长 (经理 )离任责任审计业务时，如何把《会计法》所规定的上述条款，具体落到实处。即注册会计师和审计人员在编制审计计划和…     

企业管理者必须增强会计责任观念

新修订的《会计法》对于单位领导人的会计责任进行了重新界定。改变了以前《会计法》中关于“单位领导人领导会计机构、会计人员和其它人员执行本法。”的规定 ,突出强调“单位负责人对本单位会计工作和会计资料的真实性、完整性负责。”（见新《会计法》第四条）。这一重要修订 ,改变了单位领导人在会计责任中的“角色”地位 :由会计工作的“领导者”变成了会计工作的“责任者” ,并且是第一“责任者”。对于现代企业的负责人来说 ,要作一个合格的企业家 ,必须增强会计责任观念。《会计法》中关于“单位”的定义也有着广泛的内容 ,具体包括…     

Accounting and Legal Implications of the Interposed Unit Trust Instrument

The application of a unit trust, within a complex group structure, to transact business and to hold other dependent operating instruments such as subordinate trusts, proprietary companies and investments in joint arrangements, raises issues touching the laws of trusts, income taxation and companies and exposes deficiencies in current accounting theory, practice and financial reporting. The use of unit trusts has off-balance sheet effects as both the trust itself and all subordinate instruments within its constellation may be effectively partitioned from those group results reported under traditional consolidation principles. The consequences of this partitioning distort the consolidation process and financial statements may then misrepresent a group's financial position. As yet, there is neither legislation nor accounting regulation providing direction in this complex area.     

The Competitive Intelligence Unit at Deloitte

The goal of competitive intelligence is to acquire information that can be used to make strategic decisions that further the objectives of the firm. Using publicly available information, this case describes the Competitive Intelligence Unit at the Big 4 accounting firm Deloitte and the techniques that the unit used to obtain strategic information about the plight of the consulting firm BearingPoint, a firm that Deloitte subsequently purchased in March 2009. This case can be used in an advanced undergraduate accounting theory, assurance, or capstone accounting course. It raises several interesting questions: What are acceptable and unacceptable competitive intelligence gathering techniques? Does competitive intelligence gathering by accounting firms serve the public interest?     

Assessing the Performance of Business Unit Managers

Using a sample of 140 managers, we investigate the use of various performance metrics in determining the periodic assessment, bonus decisions, and career paths of business unit managers. We show that the weight on accounting return measures is associated with the authority of these managers, and we document that both disaggregated measures (expenses and revenues), and nonfinancial measures play a greater role as interdependencies between business units increase. The results suggest separate and distinct roles for different types of performance measures. Accounting return measures are used to create the proper incentives for managers with greater authority, while disaggregated and nonfinancial measures are employed in response to interdependencies.     

The costs and benefits of increased accounting regulation: a case study of Lloyd's of London

While a valuable literature exists on theoretical considerations in cost-benefit analysis (cba) of accounting regulation, and although the regulators themselves acknowledge the need for cost-benefit appraisal of their work, empirical analysis of the costs and benefits of changes in accounting regulation is almost non-existent. This paper attempts such an analysis for a step change in accounting and audit regulation—at Lloyd's between 1982 and 1985. It aims both to advance the cba methodology, and to inform debate about the evolution of the Lloyd's market. While the estimates do not show whether the changes produced an optimal level or form of Lloyd's regulation, they do suggest that, comparing changes, the extra benefits exceeded the extra costs—whether the chosen accounting unit is a private one—Lloyd's Names—or a social one.     

The Impact of Expert Systems in Accounting: System Characteristics,Productivity and Work Unit Effects

Using a framework derived from Perrow, we have investigated the impact of expert systems in accounting at the work unit level. The results of a survey are presented. Information on 36 implemented systems was collected from participants at two recent workshops on artificial intelligence in accounting and business. A number of commonly suggested advantages of expert systems are observed. We find some significant differences between variables for the two major application areas in accounting, namely tax and auditing. This suggests that where benefits arise from differs depending upon the underlying task domain.     

Anticipating the Impact of IFRS on the Management of German Manufacturing Companies: Some Observations from a British Perspective

The introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2005 marked a significant departure from Germany's traditional financial accounting practices. This paper questions whether this change may have consequential effects on the distinctive traditional management accounting practices in the field of Controlling. We examine the possible impact on manufacturing companies drawing upon perceptions and expectations of managers in three Bavarian companies and two management consultancy firms. We consider whether financial accounting will assume an increased importance within firms, and whether this may lead to abandonment of some traditional management accounting practices and the adoption of different techniques in internal reporting compatible with the new IFRS regime for external reporting. This prompts consideration of whether such changes would lead to financial accounting domination of management accounting in Germany analogous to that argued by Johnson and Kaplan in 1987 in their ‘Relevance Lost’ thesis. We conclude that, at this juncture in the development of their information systems, German managers face an important choice between integrating external and internal reporting in ways that might fundamentally change established Controlling practices, or of continuing to operate dual accounting systems in much the same way as in the past so that adoption of IFRS is restricted to external reporting.     

Management accounting systems, top management team heterogeneity and strategic change

Institutional and market changes force many organizations across economic sectors to reconsider their strategic position and engage in strategic change. Organizations differ in their ability to realize strategic change, however, which appears to depend on several factors in their strategic management process. In this paper we explore two such factors simultaneously, which are the composition of the top management team and the characteristics of the management accounting system. In particular, the paper investigates how top management team heterogeneity affects strategic change both directly, and indirectly, through the design and use of the management accounting system. Hypotheses are developed and tested through a survey study among 103 Spanish public hospitals. We find significant effects of top management team heterogeneity on the extent and direction of strategic change, and find that the use of the management accounting system partially mediates the relationship between top management team heterogeneity and strategic change. The paper contributes to the extant literature on the complex relationships between strategic change and MAS [Gerdin, J., & Greve, J. (2004). Forms of contingency fit in management accounting research – a critical review. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 29, 303–326], by analysing both extent and direction of strategic change, and by recognizing the importance of top management teams’ use of the management accounting system for strategic change.     

The real effects of a new accounting standard: the case of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

International Financial Reporting Standard 15 (IFRS 15) Revenue from Contracts with Customers has significantly changed the philosophy of revenue recognition, not only to provide a fairer representation of corporate revenues, but also to inhibit the use of revenues for ‘earnings management’ purposes. We provide a framework to analyse the various effects of new and amended accounting standards. Changes in how companies recognise, measure, present and disclose their revenues (accounting effects) can affect how companies and their transactions are understood, both internally and externally (information effects), can change security prices (capital market effects) and can change how companies operate, and their costs and cash flows (real effects). We provide empirical evidence, based on a review of corporate annual reports, comment letters and interviews, on the effects of IFRS 15. We find evidence of accounting, information and, to a lesser extent, real effects, although, outside a few industries, IFRS 15 has had relatively little impact on the recognition and measurement of revenue.     

Changes in accounting policies and investment analysts'' fixation on accounting figures

This paper describes and explains how investment analysts deal with changes in accounting policies. The extent to which analysts appear to be fixated on accounting figures is examined using their reports about companies that adopted accounting changes in their financial statements. Sixteen accounting policy changes were identified and divided into four categories and a distinction was made between strong and weak levels of fixation. Consideration is given to the level of fixation of investment analysts that can be explained by the extent of disclosure concerning the accounting change, the moment the accounting change is announced for the first time, the nature of the accounting change and the type of employer. The level of disclosure and the nature of accounting change are important determinants of fixation. Furthermore, it appears that financial journalists explain accounting changes and their effects on accounting figures more extensively than investment analysts employed by banks or firms of stockbrokers. This study focuses on investment reports in practice in a Dutch context, in contrast to previous research conducted in experimental settings.