逃税规模的衡量

逃税造成了政府财政收入的减少,因而政府理所当然地关心社会中的逃税程度,而且逃税程度的大小也代表了一国税务机关税收征管成效的高低.因此从这个意义上讲,对逃税规模的衡量就显得必要了.不过,由于纳税人的逃税行为是隐蔽的,故很难对逃税规模进行直接有效的衡量,尽管如此,还是存在一些方法从侧面去测算一国的逃税规模的.     

增值税减税规模测算方法浅析北大核心CSSCI

2019年是深化增值税改革力度最大的一年,国家大幅度上调了增值税起征点,大幅度下调了增值税税率,减税的力度和规模前所未有。本文通过构建工业增加值和工业增值税税基的换算模型,提出了分析测算增值税减税规模的两种主要方法:税基计算法和税额计算法,从增值税内在机理上揭示了经济决定税收、税收影响经济的互相作用过程。     

电力施工企业"营改增"税负测算及应对措施

目前,我国营业税改征增值税的新一轮税制改革已经完成.对于建筑行业由原本3%的营业税税率改为11%的增值税税率实际税负是否增加业界颇有异议.在此背景下,对建筑业内实际税负测算显得更加必要和迫切.本文依托A电力施工企业2016年有关调查数据,对建筑业由营业税改征增值税带来的影响进行初步的分析和探讨,并针对这些影响提出了应对措施,以便给建筑企业,特别是电力施工企业一些借鉴,以便在今后的税务筹划中做出正确决策.     

增值税改革的税率选择

本文基于148个国家增值税税率的统计分析以及增值税税率选择的国际经验和教训,认为12%的单一税率是我国增值税税率选择的理想目标,并利用2007年投入产出表数据测算了我国实行单一增值税税率改革对财政收入的可能影响,提出了在推行单一税率改革过程中缓解税收不公平的若干税改配套措施。     

我国金融业营业税改增值税问题研究

随着营业税改增值税范围的不断扩大,金融业营业税改增值税也提上日程。如何确定金融业增值税税率和设定营业税改增值税的路径,是当前迫切需要解决的问题。为此,本文梳理了我国金融业税制发展的历程,总结和分析了国际金融业税制经验,在此基础上选取了包括银行、证券、保险在内的9家金融机构进行了营改增的效应测算。测算结果显示,金融业增值税最优税率为:一般金融机构9%,农村金融机构减按4%。但考虑到经济增速放缓等现实约束,当前我国可以按照次优税率对金融业征收增值税,即一般金融机构按照11%征收增值税,农村金融机构减按6%征收。在此基础上,本文借鉴国际金融业税制经验并结合我国现实情况,提出我国金融业营业税改增值税应按照"统一税制"和"深化改革"两个阶段稳步推进。     

我国建筑业改征增值税研究——基于投入产出表的测算分析

本文使用国民经济投入产出表测算出建筑业征收营业税导致的重复征税规模巨大,建议应尽快将其纳入增值税征税范围,并重点分析了建筑业改征增值税的困难,通过测算提出建筑业增值税的税率设计,以及破解建筑业实行增值税难题的若干办法,以期为增值税扩围及财税体制改革提供政策参考。     

中国增值税征收率的测算、影响因素及对策

增值税征收率测算方法基于不同的标准分为两种：理论上的计算方法和基于现有统计数据的计算方法。对比OECD国家平均征收率,我国67%左右的增值税征收率其实并不高,仅接近OECD国家的平均水平,和西方先进国家相比,还有较大的差距。     

新税制下我国企业增值税负担的分析研究——基于增值税三重负担视角的估测分析

本文从增值税负担这一概念出发,界定了它的三层涵义并结合此次增值税改革,选取我国国有及规模以上非国有工业企业为代表,估测出我国企业的三个指标,在此基础上系统观察了增值税负担的长期走势特点。本文研究提供的经验数据提示我国企业的增值税负担名义额虽然保持下降趋势,实际承受的增值税负担却在缓慢增长。研究结论对推进我国增值税制的进一步改革具有一定的参考价值。     

增值税征收范围选择及预期效应分析

11994年分税制改革对我国增值税征收范围进行了明确和统一,此后十几年,我国增值税征收范围没有进行大的变动,直至2011年财政部提出：“十二五”期间将扩大增值税征收范围,相应调减营业税等税收。本文在对我国增值税现行征收范围进行简要介绍的基础上,指出现行征收范围带来的主要矛盾和问题,重点分析了扩大增值税征收范围的预期效应,最后提出扩大增值税征收范围需要解决的几个主要问题,并分别以增值税替代交通运输业营业税和全部营业税为例,测算了在保证地方现有财力不变的条件下,如何对“扩围”后国内增值税收入分享比例进行重新划分。     

金融业“营改增”方案比较测算——以河南省银行业为例

金融业营业税改征增值税(简称"营改增")势在必行。在总结目前国际基本免税方案和我国财税部门提出的简易计税法方案的基础上,提出全面征收增值税的建议方案,并以河南省68家银行业金融机构为样本,测算比较了三种"营改增"方案的税负效应及其对总税收的影响。结果表明,全面征收增值税方案比较适合我国银行业"营改增",税率定在6%比较合适。     

The Value Added Tax on Electronic Commerce in the European Union

This paper concludes that any failure to apply value-added tax (VAT) to electronic commerce crossing borders between EU Member States and other countries should not affect the VAT liability of registered traders, even if the reverse charge rule (taxation in the hands of recipients) is not applied. The only type of e-commerce that is problematic involves sales of digital content to consumers and unregistered traders. However, such sales constitute a minuscule fraction of purchases by households and unregistered traders (given the extremely low level of small-business exemptions). Thus, while many believe that the question of how to tax e-commerce under the VAT is urgent, how it is resolved may not be very important.     

基于非寿险分析的营业税改增值税对保险业的影响研究

保险业并未纳入2012年“营改增”范围,但是我国现行保险业营业税制度滞后于我国保险业的发展,因此随着“营改增”试点的进展,保险业进行增值税改革将是大势所趋.本文拟通过借鉴新西兰的反计还原法,设置我国非寿险业增值税制度,运用数据模拟分析“营改增”对非寿险业的影响.     

Coordinating VATs Between EU Member States

The paper surveys coordination requirements for a final European VAT (short for viable integrated VAT) system. Using a set of criteria that can be identified from the EU VAT program for the single market, we analyze the potential superiority of the Commission's 1996 VAT proposal and four alternative VAT systems over the current transitional regime. We argue that the recent withdrawal of the 1996 VAT proposal is economically beneficial, as this VAT reform would have generated substantial costs for EU member states due to losses in national tax autonomy and adverse incentives in VAT collection and control. If the Commission adheres to its political desiderata, the VIVAT regime turns out to be a promising blueprint for the EU. If the Commission decides to lay aside its preference for compliance symmetry, and accepts that different treatment of domestic and cross-border supplies under the transitional VAT regime should not be regarded discriminatory in the Internal Market, then keeping and revising the transitional system should turn out to be a good VAT strategy for Europe.     

Spillover effects of VAT Self-enforcement properties: Evidence based on the replacement of business tax with VAT reform

In accordance with the purchasing tax-deduction method and the receipt-based value added tax (VAT) system, the same transaction can be recorded by two firms, which creates self-enforcement properties, thereby restraining tax avoidance. Using the Replacement of Business Tax with VAT reform in China, this paper adopts a difference-in-differences design to investigate the spillover effects of VAT self-enforcement properties on corporate income tax avoidance by manually collating information about suppliers/clients of listed firms. As the listed firms' suppliers/clients switch from paying business tax to paying VAT, there is a striking decline in their corporate income tax avoidance behavior. This effect is pronounced in firms with closer upstream and downstream correlations, higher information complexity and stronger incentives for tax avoidance.     

增值税留抵退税、融资约束与企业全要素生产率

本文以2018年部分行业的增值税留抵退税政策的实施作为准自然实验,基于长江三角洲先进制造业上市公司的数据,采用倾向得分匹配——双重差分法(PSM-DID),探究了增值税留抵退税政策对企业全要素生产率的影响.研究发现,短期内增值税留抵退税政策对企业全要素生产率的提高具有显著的促进作用;机制检验结果表明,增值税留抵退税政策通过降低企业的融资约束来促进企业全要素生产率的提高;异质性分析发现,增值税留抵退税政策对非国有性质、规模较小、成长性较好、杠杆率较低以及所处营商环境不理想的企业全要素生产率的促进作用尤为明显.根据研究结论,本文提出了进一步放宽增值税留抵退税政策限制与适度缩短留抵退税期限等相关建议.     

商贸型企业增值税税源管理中存在的问题及改进建议

商贸型企业是增值税税源的重要组成部分。本文分析了我国商贸型企业增值税税源管理存在的问题,并对我国商贸型企业增值税税源管理提出了改进建议。     

Value added tax non-compliance in the car market

We examine value added tax (VAT) non-compliance in the European Union (EU) car market. This issue is of paramount importance because of the loss of VAT revenue, the profound distortion of market mechanisms, and the dangerous variety of fraudulent schemes employed. In addition to the usual VAT fraudulent schemes on intra-community trade, the special regimes, and the different regulations for the sale of motor vehicles in the EU member states per se, favour non-compliance in the car market. Non-compliance also takes advantage of the lack of adequate and prompt information exchange among the tax administrations of different countries and, within each country, between the tax administrations and their departments responsible for motor vehicles. We highlight the fact that the current measures are insufficient to fight VAT non-compliance and that the new rules proposed in the ‘definitive VAT system’ are inadequate to control the proliferation of scams in the car market. Accordingly, we suggest more substantial measures: well-targeted and prompt cross-checks through archives and databases, and the monitoring of their effectiveness; electronic invoices; real-time exchanges of information between the different tax and transport authorities; and increased harmonisation of the special VAT schemes that aim to eliminate one of the most exploited opportunities for illicit gain, to the detriment of the EU member states.     

增值税征税范围的国际比较与思考

本文通过对国际上实施增值税国家的增值税征税范围的比较分析 ,指出我国现行增值税在征税范围上存在的对于农业和劳务处理方面的问题。提出借鉴外国增值税转型经验改革我国增值税制在征税范围上的规定 ,以完善我国增值税制度     

浅析扩内需与当前税收政策的再调整

本文对增值税转型和出口退税政策调整进行了具体分析,认为当前可以通过提高个人所得税费用扣除标准和对中小企业减税,来进一步扩大内需。