财务重述公司盈余反应系数研究——基于中国上市公司年报财务重述的经验证据

GAO(2002)的研究报告指出,投资者对财务报告的信心是证券市场有效运作的重要保证。近年来,财务重述现象在国内外呈现出蔓延局势,国外一系列研究表明财务重述对公司价值产生负面影响,而比短期的市场价值受损更可怕的是投资者对重述公司的信任度大打折扣,对整个资本市场的信心下降。中国上市公司的重述现象也不容乐观,但是对于财务重述经济后果的研究相对较少。因此本文主要考察重述报告对重述公司的盈余反应系数的影响,通过理论分析与数据检验投资者对财务重述公司盈余信息的反应程度,研究发现重述公告使重述公司特别是涉及核心会计指标重述公司盈余反应系数降低。以期通过本文的研究为上市公司敲响警钟,并为监管部门对财务重述行为进行规范监管提供经验证据。     

2005年至2010年中小板上市公司年报重述行为的趋势和特征

本为以2005年2010年91家中小板上市公司发布的122份年报重述公告为研究对象,分析了中小板上市公司6年来年报重述行为的趋势和特征。分析结果显示:中小板上市公司报重述的现象较严重。主要体现为重述公司的数量居高不下,重复进行重述的公司比例加大;调减前期利润的行为呈现上升趋势;重述公告的发布具有一定的时滞性。年报重述的现象应该引起整个市场的高度关注。     

盈余重述的市场反应及其影响因素研究——基于我国2004-2010年数据的经验分析

本文以2004-2010年盈余重述为样本,检验了我国盈余重述的市场反应及其影响因素。根据重述披露的时点选择特征,首次提出聚合重述和分离重述概念。研究发现,年报的利好消息或非利好消息对盈余重述负面影响的"抵减效应"或"加剧效应"都十分显著;剔除年报影响的分离重述的市场反应显著为-3%。研究还发现,相对于被动重述,主动重述被认为是"主动说真话"的表现,具有"坦白从宽"的效果;重述追溯调整的幅度、公司盈利能力、财务风险和债务水平,都会显著影响重述公告时的市场反应程度。     

投资者有限关注与盈余公告市场反应——来自央视年报排行榜的证据

本文以上市公司年报为契机从有限关注的角度研究了盈余公告的市场反应。选取2005年至2010年上市公司年报,采用数据统计方法对比了进入央视《交易时间》栏目的年报排行榜的各上市公司年报与未上榜公司年报受投资者关注程度的差异;并对年报的市场反应进行了实证分析,发现我国年报披露市场存在注意力的"显眼效应",进入年报排行榜的公司在上榜当天比未入榜的公司有更强的市场反应,且这种效应的来源是排行榜的作用,而非公司本身。     

创业板上市公司财务重述现状分析

一、研究背景与意义自从有效市场假说提出以来,高效的会计信息质量一直被视为保证证券市场有效性的关键,20世纪90年代末以来,上市公司日趋频繁和普遍的财务重述引起了学术界的广泛关注。在中国的证券市场,年报披露后,会有很多公司发布公告,宣布原先披露的年度报告中存在错误或遗漏,需要更正或补充,这种更正和补充几乎可能涉及年度报告的每一个角落,错误或遗漏的严重程度也差异颇大。创业板自2009年10月开板至今,其上市公司已披露了三年的年报,然而与主板类似,创业板年报披露后也有大量的补充更正现象出现。     

卖空限制、意见分歧收敛与信息披露的股价效应——来自A股市场的经验证据

本文从盈余公告对投资者意见分歧影响的角度,解释A股市场年报公告期间的股价反应,在为意见分歧资产定价理论提供经验证据的同时,也为A股市场信息披露股价效应的研究提供一个全新的思路。研究发现,公告前投资者意见分歧程度与股票在公告日附近的超额收益负相关,证明上市公司年报会降低投资者的意见分歧,导致公告前因卖空限制和意见分歧而被高估的股价在公告日附近向其基础价值靠拢。此外,本文还发现上述股价反应在正式公告日前的几个交易日就已出现,证明A股市场存在年报信息提前泄露的情况。进一步研究显示,意见分歧与公告日附近股票超额收益的负相关关系随着机构持股比例和行业集中度的提高而逐渐增强。     

上市公司公告时间的选择对公告信息含量的影响——基于2001-2007年沪市上市公司年报公告的事件研究

本文以2001--2007年沪市A股上市公司的年报公告为研究对象,对年报公告的时间选择进行研究.研究发现,一定情况下,上市公司的公告时间选择行为是会改变公告的信息含量的,公司可以通过这一行为控制公司盈余的市场反应.当上市公司盈利水平提高(未预期盈余为正)时,这种调控行为的市场反应并不明显;而当上市公司盈利水平降低(未预期盈余为负)时,这种调控行为的市场反应趋于明显.并且,在1、2月份阶段公告年报,上市公司越提前公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应;而在3、4月份阶段公告年报,上市公司越延后公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应.     

上市公司公告时间的选择对公告信息含量的影响——基于2001—2007年沪市上市公司年报公告的事件研究

本文以2001--2007年沪市A股上市公司的年报公告为研究对象，对年报公告的时间选择进行研究。研究发现，一定情况下，上市公司的公告时间选择行为是会改变公告的信息含量的，公司可以通过这一行为控制公司盈余的市场反应。当上市公司盈利水平提高（未预期盈余为正）时，这种调控行为的市场反应并不明显；而当上市公司盈利水平降低（未预期盈余为负）时，这种调控行为的市场反应趋于明显。并且，在1、2月份阶段公告年报，上市公司越提前公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应；而在3、4月份阶段公告年报，上市公司越延后公告越能弱化市场对利空消息的不利反应。     

补充公告信息的市场反应:随机游走还是功能锁定

本文选取沪深两市(包括中小板)中2001-2011年间发布了年报补充或更正公告的公司为样本,以累积异常回报率作为市场反应的替代变量,采用事件分析法对公告发布后的市场反应进行了检验。实证研究结果表明,补充更正公告发布后的市场反应并不遵循有效市场假说情形下的随机游走,而是对补充更正前的年报信息有着很强的功能锁定效应,即公告发布后的市场反应,在很大程度上是锚定于之前年报发布后的市场反应。这一研究结果在一定程度上说明,目前中国的股票市场效率还比较低,即使进行了一定的制度性改进,但对信息的合理反应依然有待加强。     

浅议上市公司年报披露质量改进——基于内部控制视角

年度报告披露后许多公司会发布补充和更正公告,以对年报中的错误或遗漏进行更正或补充,这是信息披露质量不高的一种体现。本文在对深市主板上市公司年报补充更正现状进行简要分析的基础上,从内部控制角度对改善上市公司信息披露质量提出些许建议。     

Market reactions to a cross-border carbon policy: Evidence from listed Chinese companies

The effects of cross-border carbon policy have attracted increasing attention worldwide. We investigate the reaction of the Chinese stock market to the announcements of 12 legislative events associated with the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (EU CBAM). Our results, based on all industrial companies listed on China's Shenzhen or Shanghai Stock Exchanges, show that Chinese companies that export their products to the EU experience a more negative cumulative abnormal return around EU CBAM events than their counterparts (non-export companies and non-EU export companies). A cross-sectional analysis reveals that negative stock market reactions to the legislative events are greater when companies have greater carbon emissions intensity. Our further analyses show that being listed in both A-share and H-share markets, participating in a carbon emissions trading scheme, and having intensive cross-border collaboration mitigate the adverse market reactions. Our results show that the Chinese market is sensitive to legislative announcements associated with this cross-border carbon policy.     

Information asymmetry and accounting restatement: NYSE-AMEX and NASDAQ evidence

We examine the impact of accounting restatement announcement on firms’ value and information asymmetry for both auction market (NYSE-AMEX) and dealer market (NASDAQ) using a public sample of restatement announcements from 1997 to 2005. In both markets, we document economically and significantly negative mean cumulative abnormal returns around the announcement dates. The restatements attributed to auditors are associated with more negative returns than those attributed to management and the SEC. However, there is no significant difference between market reactions arising from the core and non-core restatements. We also find a significant increase in volume, number of transactions, average order size, volatility, and various measures of spreads after the restatement announcement indicating that restatement announcements diminish company prospects and contribute to increased uncertainty and information asymmetry. Finally, we find that the information asymmetry in the NASDAQ market around the event date is less pronounced than in the NYSE-AMEX market.     

The Chinese experience: The impact of financial restatements on firm value and its implications on the investigatory practices of regulators

We examine the relationship between restatements of prior period financial results and firm value in China. This relationship is relevant to the millions of global investors who purchase Chinese equity securities because Chinese regulatory authorities must focus on the restatement events that, in their judgment, most warrant investigation. We recommend that they focus their attention on restatement announcements (and the firms that announce them) that possess the characteristics that most impact firm value.Prior studies of the American equity markets found evidence of a relationship between the nature of the restatement announcements and firm value, as well as evidence that core account adjustments and high-magnitude adjustments affect firm value more than noncore account adjustments and low-magnitude adjustments. However, based on a sample of Chinese listed firms that made corporate announcements that appeared in the Asian press between 2003 and 2011, we only find mixed evidence in the Chinese equity markets in support of the former relationship, and no evidence at all in support of the latter relationship.In other words, restatement announcements in China do not impact firm value to the same extent, and in the same manner, as restatement announcements in America. Chinese regulators must thus develop policies that are unique to the Chinese markets in order to effectively prioritize their oversight activities on firms that issue restatement announcements.What factors should be considered by Chinese regulators? We identify a collection of corporate governance variables, as well as a smaller collection of financial variables, that are significantly associated with decreases in firm value. We also develop a set of regression analyses that utilize these variables to explain a significant portion of the variability of firm value during the sample period. Interestingly, however, we find no evidence that the growth patterns of the firms are significantly associated with changes in firm value.Using this evidence, we recommend the development of a model of regulatory guidance that is customized for the unique characteristics of the Chinese equity markets. We believe that this model can help Chinese authorities focus their attention on specific restatement announcements that most impact firm value.     

Institutional versus retail trades following financial restatements: The effect of Sarbanes-Oxley

Regulators have expressed concern that the growing number and size of financial restatements, especially since the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), confuse investors and erode confidence in the capital markets. Given the investor protection goal of SOX, of particular concern is the relative accuracy with which retail investors process and trade on the information contained in restatement announcements. In this paper, we adopt a market based approach and examine the accuracy of the trading behavior of retail and institutional investors conditioned upon accounting restatement announcements, both prior- and subsequent to the passage of SOX. We find that retail investors engaged in more inaccurate (i.e., potentially loss-making) trades in the post-SOX period than in the pre-SOX period. In contrast, the accuracy (i.e., conditional profit potential) of institutional investors’ trades does not show any significant difference between the pre- and post-SOX regimes. Thus, we document that retail (but not institutional) investors processed post-SOX restatements more inaccurately than pre-SOX restatements.     

Insider trading,future earnings,and post-earnings announcement drift

This paper examines the association between insider trading prior to quarterly earnings announcements and the magnitude of the post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD). We conjecture and find that insider trades reflect insiders’ private information about the persistence of earnings news. Thus, insider trades can help investors better understand and incorporate the time-series properties of quarterly earnings into stock prices in a timely and unbiased manner, thereby mitigating PEAD. As predicted, PEAD is significantly lower when earnings announcements are preceded by insider trading. The reduction in PEAD is driven by contradictory insider trades (i.e., net buys before large negative earnings news or net sells before large positive earnings news) and is more pronounced in the presence of more sophisticated market participants. Consistent with investors extracting and trading on insiders’ private information, pre-announcement insider trading is associated with smaller market reactions to future earnings news in each of the four subsequent quarters. Overall, our findings indicate insider trading contributes to stock price efficiency by conveying insiders’ private information about future earnings and especially the persistence of earnings news.     

Trading volume in options and common stock around quarterly earnings announcements

This study examines trading in call and put options around quarterly earnings announcements and investigates whether the existence of these options affects the common stock trading volume response to these announcements. We find that the options trading volume reaction to earnings announcements is larger than the corresponding reaction in common stock. Consistent with the idea that options provide an alternative vehicle for trading on information, the existence of these options lowers the level of trading in common stock. Options also appear to offer investors an alternative method of taking short positions, as shown by the symmetric stock market trading volume reaction to good versus bad news for firms with listed options. In contrast, firms without listed options exhibit a larger trading volume response to good news than to bad news of similar magnitude.     

The CDS market reaction to restatement announcements

I investigate the credit market's reaction to restatement announcements through changes in credit default swap (CDS) spreads. I document an overall positive association between CDS returns and restatement announcements. Specifically, I find that more positive CDS returns are associated with restatements (1) involving fraud and (2) affecting more accounts. Moreover, these reactions are sensitive to the underlying entities’ credit ratings and the market‐wide investor sentiment. Next, I compare CDS and stock market reactions and find that more negative stock returns are associated with restatements (1) involving fraud and (2) decreasing reported income.     

投资者特征与盈余公告后的漂移现象

本文以1999～2004年的上市公司为样本，研究了不同类型投资者对盈余公告后漂移（PEAD）的影响。研究发现，对于好消息，盈余公告后基金重仓持有股票的漂移小于非基金重仓持有的股票；但对于坏消息，基金重仓持有股票的漂移要大于非重仓持有股票的漂移。可能的解释是，基金重仓持有的股票如果公布的是好消息，说明与基金预期一致，所以这类股票的漂移比散户投资的利好股票漂移小；如果公布的是坏消息，则说明基金预期错误，此时基金等机构投资者会积极卖出，由于资金量大引起散户投资者跟着卖出相应股票，从而漂移比非基金重仓持有的利坏股票的漂移大。