IMF称中国经济平稳转型将使全球经济受益

<正>中新社华盛顿9月27日电,国际货币基金组织(IMF)当日发布最新一期《世界经济展望》报告的部分章节内容。报告称,中国经济的平稳转型将使全球经济受益。报告称,中国向消费驱动型经济的转型将产生溢出效应。从短期来看,这种溢出效应会给全球经济带来挑战;从长期来看,也可能有利于全球经济的发展。I M F研究部经济学家埃斯特班·维斯伯罗尼在当天发布会上表示,中国经济的转型是必要的,目的是确     

中美贸易战的原因、影响及对策

美国政府此次挑起中美贸易战,直接目的在于以中美贸易严重失衡迫使中国进一步对美开放市场,深层次目的在于试图借鉴1980年代美日贸易战以遏制中国复兴。中美贸易严重失衡责任不在中国,主要原因在于美元国际储备货币地位、美国过度消费的低储蓄模式、全球价值链分工以及美国对华高新技术出口限制等。如果中美贸易战全面升级,对中国高端制造发展及经济增长将产生不利影响,但同时也将势必增加美国民众生活成本,推升通胀,制约消费,给全球经济复苏蒙上阴影。内部实力足够强大时,就会向外延伸甚至实施外部霸权。中美贸易战既已开打,我方最好的应对方式是以更大的决心和勇气推动新一轮改革开放。在刚刚显露出初步跨越"中等收入陷阱"之际,中国再度面临"修昔底德陷阱"。中美贸易战拉开了全球领导权更迭的序幕,如能妥善应对贸易战,成功推动新一轮改革开放,将为中国的更次腾飞奠定坚实的基础。     

外资企业出口销售的会计核算探讨

国家对外商投资企业开展出口业务予以出口免税的优惠政策,鼓励企业多出口,多创汇,提高企业在国际市场上的竞争能力。但在国际贸易中,由于交货地点、交货条件和价格构成因素不同的,因而形成各种不同的价格和价格术语。F.O.B.,C,I.F.,C.&F.是国际贸易中常用的三种价格术语。F.O.B.又称“离岸价”,卖方负责至出口地点的费用,没有境外运费和保险费的问题。C.I.F.又称“离岸加保险费、运费价”。C.&F.又称“离岸加运费价”。     

股市剧烈波动的原因分析与对策建议

2018年,中国股市遭受重挫,由于股价持续下跌,投资者损失惨重,通过股权质押融资的上市公司面临着爆仓的危险,实体企业纷纷步入困境。本文通过分析,认为中美贸易战的突然爆发、过度股权质押引发的杠杆平仓、股市自身制度体系建设的缺陷,以及市场投资者结构不平衡是导致股市出现剧烈波动的重要原因。并提出对冲贸易战的不利影响、合理控制股权质押杠杆率、完善A股制度建设,以及提高机构投资者比例等政策建议。     

2010年下半年中国外贸走势

在上半年靓丽的外贸数据面前,笔者对内需与外需、贸易战与汇率战、出口与进口等外贸热点问题进行了冷静的思考。笔者认为：短期内中国经济复苏依然离不开外需,外贸政策短期不宜退出。出口增加当期国民收入,但进口具有技术溢出效应,带来长期增长效应,“十二五规划”应从战略角度鼓励高科技产品和技术进口。中国成为全球第一大出口国之后,贸易战难免,但全局影响有限;同时要探索应对机制。在外贸微利时代,人民币升值的累积效应不容忽视;2010年下半年外贸总体向好,增速将冲高回落,贸易收支趋于均衡。     

外资流入A股市场的动因

<正>中美贸易战临近尾声,市场避险情绪得到缓,以及近期美元弱势,人民币却升值形成的汇率红利,成为外资流入A股市场动因,但长期利好则源于A股较好的基本面、低估值和已经形成的政策底部。自2018年3月中美贸易战打响后,许多外资对A股的态度也一改乐观,包括摩根士丹利、野村控股、杰富瑞集团等公司对A股看法转趋谨慎。摩根大通最新报告将中国股市评等由"增持"下调为"中性",认为两国不断升级的贸易战将影响明年的中国经     

中美贸易战是一场持久战

中美贸易战持续一年多结局扑朔迷离,这注定是一场持久的战争,本文通过历史的分析及大量的数据,得出结论中国必定能打赢这场贸易战。     

推动中国半导体产业链高质量发展

<正>面对美西方对中国高科技领域变本加厉的封锁与制裁,中国半导体产业要充分发挥独特的制度优势和市场竞争力,攻克“卡脖子”难关,推进半导体产业链持续稳步发展。半导体产业作为数字经济基础设施中的重要组成部分,对于中国科学技术和经济发展具有重要作用。近年来,以美中货物贸易巨额逆差为由,美国单方面多次制造贸易摩擦甚至不惜代价与中国进行持久的贸易战,试图对中国实施技术上的“脱钩”和“施压”战略。基于此,梳理我国半导体产业链发展的劣势和优势,并针对性提出中国半导体产业链发展建议,有助于降低断供风险、缓解半导体供需失衡,进而推进中国半导体产业高质量发展。     

中美贸易摩擦对中国股票市场波动性和非对称性影响:一个行为金融的解释视角

2018年3月底,中美爆发了持续近2个月的首轮贸易战,在冲击两国经济往来的同时也一定程度上影响了中国股市的稳定发展.基于中美贸易摩擦仍将持续一段时期以及调控和防范金融风险已成为新时期三大攻坚战之一的现实背景,本文对贸易战影响中国股票市场波动性与非对称性进行研究.对此,本文首先从行为金融角度构建了一个理论框架,接着以首轮贸易战期间中国上证A股指数和上证B股指数五分钟收益率数据为研究样本,以上年同期和贸易战前两个阶段的数据为参照组,通过TGARCH模型研究发现贸易战引发的投资者悲观情绪对中国股票市场波动性和非对称反应具有一定的影响作用,最后通过构建包含贸易战虚拟变量、投资者预期信息的TGACH模型进行稳健性检验,以证明实证结果的准确性和稳定性.研究结果表明:投资者情绪和风险态度能够有效解释中国股票市场的波动性及其非对称特点;中美贸易战使得投资者普遍产生悲观情绪,一定程度上抑制了股票市场收益率的波动程度;投资者的悲观情绪,使得以风险厌恶为主的上海A股市场表现出非对称特点,以风险喜好为主的上海B股市场表现出非对称反转的特点.     

海外速递

减少全球失衡还需各国共同努力4月13日,国际货币基金组织(IMF)在其重要报告《世界经济展望》中指出,富裕国家和发展中国家都未能采取必要的步骤来减少日益严重的全球失衡。长期以来,IMF一直呼吁美国努力增加国民储蓄和削减财政赤字,欧洲和日本应当实施结构改革以消除经济增长的阻碍,亚洲国家应增大汇率灵活性以提升其国内需求。虽然各国均同意采取必要步骤减轻全球失衡,但在具体执行方面却都比较缓慢。I M F首席经济学家Raghuram Rajan表示:有关国家必须扮演起它们应有的角色,采取实际行动,建立一个“相互同意的、可靠的多边政策行动框…     

美英两国的政府绩效考评

绩效考评实践美国法律依据。美国政府绩效考评的法律依据是1993年美国第103届国会颁布的《政府绩效与结果法案》,该法案要求每个联邦机构必须报告为期5年的战略规划和每年的绩效情况。自20世纪90年代,美国国会相继通过一揽子设计联邦政府绩效管理的法案,主要涉及联邦政府三个关键领域:财务管理、信息技术与财政控制。在财务管理方面的立法,主要有《首席财务官法案》、《政府管理改革法案》     

Transfer Pricing Practices and Regulatory Actions in the U.S. and U.K.: A Cross-Country Comparison and Analysis

With the continued globalization of world markets, transfer pricing has become one of the dominant sources of controversy in international taxation. Cross-country differences in transfer pricing practices and regulations present challenges to taxing authorities and multinational enterprises (MEs). In the last two decades, tax authorities in the United States (U.S.) and other countries have brought major court cases against MEs accused of underpayment of taxes through transfer pricing practices. This paper discusses transfer pricing practices, regulatory agencies, penalties related to violations, and proper documentation required in the U.S. and one of its major trading partners, the United Kingdom (U.K.). The paper also examines the acceptable valuation methods allowed as a surrogate for arm's-length transactions as established by the country's regulatory agency. Finally, the paper discusses the similarities and differences between the major court cases related to transfer pricing in the two countries.     

The Amount and Timing of Goodwill Write-Offs and Revaluations: Evidence from U.S. and U.K. Firms

This paper investigates criticisms that U.S. GAAP had given firms too much discretion in determining the amount and timing of goodwill write-offs. Using 1,576 U.S. and 563 U.K. acquisitions, we find little evidence that U.S. firms managed the amount of goodwill write-off or that U.K. firms managed the amount of revaluations (write-ups of intangible assets). However, our results are consistent with U.S. firms delaying goodwill write-offs and U.K. firms timing revaluations strategically to avoid shareholder approval linked to certain financial ratios.     

美国证监会和小企业—小企业筹资及相应联邦证券法规指南

解答小企业疑问的几条途径 SEC试图通过它(所制定)的规则和监管来满足小企业的要求。它也会通过电话、信件或者电子邮件来回答小企业的问题，提供非正式的指导。SEC提供了很多渠道，以方便小企业……     

美国“管理层讨论与分析”及对我国的借鉴

良好的公司治理结构是管理层诚实尽责披露信息的内在保证。对管理层己知的趋势和不确定性信息披露出现的问题，表面上是由于规则的漏洞，根源则在于公司治理不佳和诚信程度不高。……     

Foreign holdings of U.S. Treasuries and U.S. Treasury yields

Foreign official holdings of U.S. Treasuries increased from $400 billion in January 1994 to about $3 trillion in June 2010. Most of this growth is accounted for by a handful of emerging market economies that have been running large current account surpluses. These countries are channeling their savings through the official sector, which is then acquiring foreign exchange reserves. Any shift in policy to reduce their current account surpluses or dampen the rate of reserves accumulation would likely slow the pace of foreign official purchases of U.S. Treasuries. Would such a slowing of foreign official purchases of Treasury notes and bonds affect long-term Treasury yields? Most likely yes, and the effects appear to be large. By our estimates, if foreign official inflows into U.S. Treasuries were to decrease in a given month by $100 billion, 5-year Treasury rates would rise by about 40–60 basis points in the short run. But once we allow foreign private investors to react to the yield change induced by the shock to foreign official inflows, the long-run effect is about 20 basis points.     

Contracts valuation assessment noise and cross-border listing of equities on U.S. and U.K. stock markets

This study develops and tests the hypothesis that firms in the home country have capital market incentives to cross-border list on foreign stock exchanges that have similar financial reporting with local generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Non-U.S. firms' contracts and the underlying GAAP are based on the home-country culture and institutional climates. This connection with culture and institution makes the local GAAP's assessment of the contracts less spurious relative to foreign GAAP. Ball et al. [J. Account. Econ. 29 (2000) 1] note that contracting with stakeholders in the home markets is based on local GAAP's numbers, while cross-border listing provides settings in which the value relevance of local GAAP-based contracts is assessed based on foreign GAAP. Therefore, foreign investors' assessment of the contracts using foreign stock exchange GAAP or mindset of foreign GAAP is likely to result in an assessment noise, which is value irrelevant. The level of assessment noise depends on the differences between foreign and local GAAP. Because of the valuation implications of the assessment noise, we expect cross-border listing to diminish as the likelihood of assessment noise increases.As predicted, we find that assessment noise undermines cross-border listing on U.S. stock exchanges. Because U.S. and local GAAPs are based on different cultural and institutional environments, assessment noise arises if U.S. investors use the mindset of U.S. GAAP financial reports to assess local GAAP-based contracts of cross-border firms. The results are robust in the London Stock Exchange in which assessment noise is induced by interpreting local GAAP contracts as if they were based on U.K. GAAP. As expected, the influences of assessment noise on cross-border listings are more robust in the United States than in the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that harmonization of financial reporting is critical in attenuating the influences of assessment noise on global capital market developments.