对国有商业银行公司治理结构的探讨

一、公司治理的一般分析 　　公司治理结构又叫法人治理结构,它是以实现公司最佳利益为目的,由股东大会、董事会、经理和监事会组成,通过指挥、控制和激励等活动而协调股东、债权人、职工、政府、顾客、供应商以及公众等利益相关者之间关系的一种制度安排.公司治理实际上是关于所有权分配的合约,其核心问题是通过选择恰当的契约安排来实现剩余索取权与控制权的对称,以确保企业的决策效率.……     

利益相关者理论下的会计政策选择研究

利益相关者理论是在契约理论的基础之上丰富和发展起来的,其根基并没有超脱企业契约的范畴,是环境推动的结果.企业之所以能够存在,不仅与股东和经理人员有关,而且与消费者、债权人、供应商、员工和政府等紧密相关.企业是利益相关者结成的关系契约,利益相关者的价值最大化是利益相关者理论下的会计政策选择的目标.会计政策选择权属于企业的剩余控制权,从利益相关者理论角度看,会计政策选择权应属于利益相关者.利益相关者通过不同的方式影响着企业,进而通过相应的公司治理结构和具体运行机制进行会计政策选择,并受到一定外在约束机制的制约.以利益相关者理论为基础,遵守会计政策选择的原则、在相应会计政策选择的内外约束机制下,达成利益相关者的价值最大化目标.     

会计目标定位的再思考——基于利益相关者理论

根据利益相关者理论,企业是利益相关者组成的企业,各个利益相关者向企业投入一定的专用性投资,就必定要分享相应的经营成果,这里的利益相关者不仅包括股东、债权人,还包括供应商、职工、政府等,企业只有充分关注相关者的利益要求,才能持续地发展。然而,现行的会计目标"受托责任观"和"决策有用观"均侧重于向股东提供会计信息,忽略了其他利益相关者对信息的需求。本文认为,基于利益相关者理论的考虑,企业的会计目标应定位于为各利益相关者提供信息。由此,本文对会计目标进行重新定位,提出了利益相关者"权益保护观"。     

基于利益主体行为视角的内部资本市场配置效率研究述评

内部资本市场的运作效率在一定程度上决定了多元化企业集团的经营绩效,内部资本市场配置效率已成为公司金融理论界和实务界关注的核心问题.已有文献的研究认为影响资金配置决策和效率的因素有信息不对称、代理冲突和外部投资环境等多个方面,其本质上是通过利益主体(股东、总部、分部经理)的行为来实现.本文围绕内部资本市场配置效率,从股东行为、总部行为、分部经理行为三个视角对现有文献进行梳理和归纳,发现利益主体的行为具有机会主义倾向,正是他们的这种异化行为导致了内部资本市场的配置低效率,并进一步提出了研究展望.     

基于利益相关者理论的资产剥离绩效评价研究

论文在利益相关者理论的基础上,分析受资产剥离影响的股东、高级管理人员、一般员工、债权人、供应商、政府等的利益诉求,构建基于利益相关者的资产剥离绩效评价指标体系,并选用因子分析法作为计算方法。该评价体系有利于保护利益相关者的利益,促进企业持续发展。     

基于利益相关者理论的企业劳动关系协调机制研究

利益相关者之间的合作对企业劳动关系管理尤为重要。依据从利益相关者理论,企业劳动关系利益相关者主要有股东、员工、政府、消费者、社区等四类,鉴此,需要加强企业劳动关系核心圈利益协调,发挥政府规制企业劳动关系利益相关者行为的作用,关注外部利益相关者对企业劳动关系的影响,构建企业劳动关系协调的长效机制,促进企业劳动关系和谐发展。     

基于社会责任的利益相关者贡献表编制研究

从社会责任角度出发,研究企业对股东、政府、员工等利益相关者的贡献的大小和比重来衡量企业对各个利益相关者的贡献以及承担由于社会责任是国内外近几年的研究热点。本文试图通过建立利益相关者贡献表进行研究,希望通过该表清晰地展示企业对利益相关者的贡献。     

上市公司会计监管:一个分析视角

我国上市公司由于内部治理结构不完善，以及受地方政府的影响，有较强的会计操纵动机，股东、债权人、经营者、地方政府等利益相关者都有进行会汁操纵的可能。因此，本文从上市公司会计监管的博弈模型出发，提出了会计监管的思路和对策。     

利益相关者财务论

历史地看,公司财务的价值导向经历了从股东利益向相关者利益的演进过程。股东利益导向型公司财务的理论基础是资本强权理论和股东利益与社会利益相统一理论,而相关者利益导向型公司财务的理论基础是共同所有权理论、托管责任理论和公司社会责任理论。利益相关者公司财务模式的基本特征是:公司财务的目标是利益相关者价值最大化,公司财务实行共同治理,员工与公司保持长期稳定的财务关系,公司财务实行分层治理和管理,公司财务控制权相机配置等。     

金融企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究

从企业社会责任的概念出发,根据利益相关者的理论框架,提出以股东、员工、消费者、政府为利益相关者的金融企业社会责任指标体系,运用极值标准化处理原始数据和层次分析法设置权重.并通过对我国上市的14家银行2003～2007年的面板数据进行相关分析和回归分析,验证了金融企业社会责任与财务绩效之间的关系,结果基本上证实了金融企业履行社会责任可以提高财务绩效等理论假设.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

The life and career of John Spence Ogilvy (1805-71), the first chartered accountant to emigrate to Australia

So far as the available evidence allows, this paper examines the life and career of John Spence Ogilvy, foundation member of the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh in 1854, who emigrated to Melbourne in 1856, but did not play a part in the development of an organized accounting profession in Australia. The paper also attempts to explain the gap of thirty-two years between the formation of the first accounting bodies in Edinburgh and Melbourne.     

Female CFOs and loan contracting: Financial conservatism or gender discrimination? – An empirical test based on collateral clauses

Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

<正>The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.