我国会计准则国际化协调进程及其效果研究——基于沪深AB股的经验证据

本文运用既发行A股又发行B股的公司(以下简称AB股公司)2001年会计准则改革前后的经验数据,分别从国际化的结果和过程的角度,就会计盈余质量进行定量研究,从而对改革效果做出实证性分析,籍此评价改革的合理性。研究表明:从国际化结果来看,AB股公司分别在中国会计准则与在国际财务报告准则下的盈余质量不存在显著性差异,说明了在我国目前的现实环境条件下完全采用国际财务报告准则也不能显著地提高会计盈余质量;从国际化过程来看,两种准则体系下盈余质量差异的绝对值变化显著且逐年减少,说明了我国会计准则国际化改革形式上协调促进了实质上的协调,提高了会计盈余质量。     

中日韩会计准则实现互动

中日韩三国日前在西安明确表示将积极支持会计的国际趋同,并支持国际会计准则理事会为实现制定一套高质量的、全球公认的会计准则的最终目标所作的努力。中日韩三国围绕会计准则制定的最新进展情况,对于会计国际趋同的基本态度、具体措施以及面临的问题等展开了广泛深入的讨论。一是协调了各国对于会计国际趋同的基本立场。三国会计准则制定机构一致认为:会计国际趋同不等于相同,应当考虑各国特殊的国情,做到求同存异、趋同化异;会计国际趋同需要一个渐进发展的过程;会计国际趋同应当是一种国家会计准则制定机构与国际会计准则理事会之间的…     

中国对于国际会计协调的基本态度与所面临的问题

本文从分析当前国际经济全球化的背景和国际财务报告准则制定及其应用的急剧变化出发,认为我们应当积极关注国际财务报告准则发展和国际会计协调与趋同的进展情况。尽管我国目前尚没有完全采用国际财务报告准则,但是中国实际上也是国际财务报告准则的使用者和受益者,为此,中国一方面支持国际会计准则理事会制定全球公认会计准则的努力,另一方面也将积极参与国际会计协调与趋同进程。与此同时,考虑到中国当前所面临的特殊会计环境及其对我国会计国际协调与趋同的影响,中国会计国际化将适应经济发展的需要,走一条渐进式改革之路。为此,本文提出了一个务实、可行的会计国际化策略。     

对中国会计准则国际趋同的认识与思考

2010年4月2日,财政部发布了《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》。路线图的发布标志着中国会计准则与国际初步实现了实质性趋同,推动我国在深化会计改革进程中迈出重要的一步。本文通过回顾中国会计准则的发展进程,分析会计准则国际化趋同对我国的意义和影响,对比中国会计准则与国际会计准则的差异,对会计准则国际化趋同带来的问题进行全面思考。     

论会计准则国际趋同的无限性

《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》的发布，表明了我国企业会计准则将逐步缩小与国际财务报告准则之间的差异。本文从国家利益和国际关系的视角出发，以主权国家为研究主体，提出在可预期的未来，全球统一会计准则尚无法真正实现，而是会呈现出一种无限趋同的动态机制的观点。     

加拿大会计准则趋同现状

2006年,中国会计准则体系发布。这标志着中国会计迈向了国际会计准则趋同的步伐;同时,在国际会计准则委员会(IASB)和美国会计准则委员会(FASB)的共同努力下,国际财务报告准则(IFRS)作为上市公司首要的财务报告框架已经在90多个国家得到应用,国际会计准则的趋同的脚步越来越紧密,表示世界范     

新会计准则的特征及其影响

一、新会计准则体系的特征 (一)基本实现了与国际财务报告准则的趋同 新的会计准则吸纳了国际投资者所熟悉的会计原则,能够为全球投资者提供更加透明可比的财务信息.     

我国会计准则的新变化

一、我国会计准则体系的构成 随着经济全球化和资本市场国际化的迅速发展,跨国上市和发行证券及国际投资活动日益增多,客观上要求会计方法在国际范围内相同或相近.在这一背景下,我国会计准则国际化进程明显加快.我国会计准则体系建设的基本目标是:建立起与我国社会主义市场经济相适应并与国际财务报告准则充分协调的、涵盖各类企业各项经济业务、可独立实施的会计准则体系.按照这一目标,财政部基本完成了会计准则的制定和修订工作.修订后的会计准则将由近40个会计准则构成.这些会计准则拟分为两个层次:一是基本会计准则,二是具体会计准则.具体会计准则可以分为三类:一般业务准则、特殊行业的特定业务准则和报告准则.     

探讨会计准则的国际趋同

随着经济全球化和国际资本市场一体化趋势的日益加强,会计国际化已日益成为各国不可回避的现实问题。本世纪初国际会计准则委员会(IASC)及时完成了战略改组,将制定一套单一的、高质量的、全球范围内普遍适用的国际财务报告准则(IFR)纳入其战略目标,这将对各国会计准则建设以及会计准则的国际趋同产生深远的影响。本文拟通过欧盟和美国对待国际会计准则态度的转变及阻碍趋同因素的分析,为我国会计准则的建设和国际化提供有关对策和建议。     

中国会计准则委员会与IASB发表联合声明

中国会计准则委员会与国际会计准则理事会会计准则趋同会议近日在北京举行。此次会议是继10月初中国会计准则委员会与国际会计准则理事会举行的工作会谈之后的一次高层会晤。会后,双方达成了以下共识:第一,明确了双方对会计国际趋同的基本观点。建立和完善一套全球高质量的会计准则,是适应经济全球化发展趋势的必然要求。第二,明确了中国会计准则与国际财务报告准则基本实现趋同。国际会计准则理事会对中国会计准则体系建设进展予以高度评价和赞赏。第三,国际会计准则理事会希望中国对完善国际会计准则提供帮助。国际会计准则理事会希望在关…     

新会计准则研究:分析框架与综述

本文构建了一个新会计准则研究的分析框架,在此基础上,对已有的新准则研究文献进行了系统的回顾与评论。结合分析框架和对已有文献的评述,我们进一步提出了未来尚需探索和拓展的方向。     

Measurement of Formal Convergence of Vietnamese Accounting Standards with IFRS

Convergence refers to the process of narrowing the differences between International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and country‐specific accounting standards. The purpose of this study is to measure the formal convergence between Vietnamese Accounting Standards (VAS) and IAS/IFRS using a fuzzy‐based approach. We assess the extent of convergence between VAS and IAS/IFRS from the perspective of a single standard, clusters of standards and the standards as a whole. The levels of standards convergence are clustered into four categories: full convergence, substantial convergence, substantial difference and complete difference. Our results indicate that the level of convergence between the two sets of standards only achieves mid‐level convergence. The findings of this study should help policy makers improve VAS to meet international standards.     

Measuring Country Differences in Enforcement of Accounting Standards: An Audit and Enforcement Proxy

In this paper we present an index designed to capture differences between countries in relation to the institutional setting for financial reporting, specifically the auditing of financial statements and the enforcement of compliance with each country's accounting standards. The use of a common set of standards such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) aims, in broad terms, to promote the comparability and transparency of financial statements and to improve the quality of financial reporting. However, the effectiveness of IFRS adoption may be hampered by differences, across countries, in the institutional setting in which financial reporting occurs. Studies of outcomes from adopting IFRS use a range of legal system proxies to capture these country differences, but the proxies are deficient in that they seldom focus explicitly on factors that affect how compliance with accounting standards is promoted through external audit and the activities of independent enforcement bodies. To address this deficiency, we calculate measures of the quality of the public company auditors’ working environment (AUDIT) and the degree of accounting enforcement activity (ENFORCE) by independent enforcement bodies. We do this for 51 countries for each of the years 2002, 2005 and 2008, using publicly available data provided by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the World Bank and the national securities regulators. Preliminary tests suggest our indices have additional explanatory power (over more general legal proxies) for country‐level measures of economic and market activity, financial transparency and earnings management. We expect they will prove useful to researchers and other interested parties who require country‐level measures that focus on the degree of enforcement of financial reporting practices.     

Insights from Accounting Practitioners on China's Convergence with IFRS

This study provides insights from accounting practitioners on China's convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Through a survey of 33 senior financial executives of Chinese listed companies in 2014, the study reports their perceptions on the following issues: first, the degree of convergence between IFRS and Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS); second, the choice between fair value and historical cost accounting, and the usefulness of fair value accounting for Chinese companies’ financial reporting; third, challenges in the process of China's harmonisation with IFRS; and finally, essential capabilities of Chinese accounting professionals in the process of China's harmonisation with IFRS. Multivariate regression was used for further analysis. The survey findings reveal that in general CAS have converged with IFRS, with a few exceptions that reflect the unique Chinese context. Historical cost accounting is the preferred measurement base to fair value accounting. Exercising professional judgement was identified as a challenge for China's full convergence with IFRS. Ownership structure and the expertise of accounting practitioners were found to affect respondents’ judgements on China's convergence with IFRS. This study has policy implications for international accounting standard setters and accounting educators to consider the contextual issues of implementing IFRS in an emerging economy.     

The Role of Auditing Firms in the Implementation of New Accounting Standards: Evidence from China

This paper explores the impact of auditing firms on the implementation of the new Chinese Accounting Standards for Enterprises 22 (new CAS 22), which converges with IFRS 9. We find that the Big4 firms focus on fair value measurement and application of the expected credit loss (ECL) impairment model, whereas the LocalTop6 firms primarily focus on the classification of financial assets. The results indicate that effective implementation of the new standards mainly depends on standardized procedures and professional techniques of auditing firms, as the Big4 firms exhibit better implementation of the new standards in terms of items that generate greater risk and uncertainty than do local large auditing firms in China. In addition, we further test how cross-listing affects the role of auditing firms in implementing the new standards and find that the Big4 firms play a more significant role for A-share only companies than A + H companies. The findings reveal the challenges associated with implementation of IFRS 9-based new CAS 22 in China.     

完善我国财务会计规范的思考

在制定和完善我国财务会计规范时 ,要特别考虑我国的文化和法律背景 ,同时要兼顾国际化的趋势 ,应在两者之间寻求某种平衡。从长远看 ,我国的财务会计规范必须符合国际通行的惯例 ,甚至完全采用国际准则 ,但在今后一个时期 ,应更强调规范的适用性。此外 ,会计规范采用何种形式并不重要 ,关键在于内容 ;准则与制度并不对立 ,在内容上两者可以兼容 ,各有侧重。最后 ,应当强调制定会计规范的“due process”,注重会计职业界和学术界的参与 ,并切实发挥财政部会计准则委员会的作用。     

Mandatory Adoption of IASB Standards: Value Relevance and Country-Specific Factors

The objective of this study is to investigate if the value relevance of European-listed companies increased after the mandatory application of International Accounting Standards (IAS)/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and how the value relevance of accounting information prepared under IAS/IFRS is shaped by the specific factors of the country in which companies are domiciled. Results show that the value relevance of financial information during the period companies applied mandatory IAS/IFRS is higher than for the period during which they applied local accounting standards. We also found that countries where accounting and tax are clearly separated show more relevant accounting information. Finally, we found that companies from countries with more legal and public enforcement mechanisms disclose less relevant accounting information under IAS/IFRS.     

关于中国会计标准的国际化问题

会计标准的国际化是大势所趋 ,是时代潮流 ,是未来财务会计发展的方向 ,也是世界各国都面临的共同课题。会计标准国际化的实质是各国的利益之争 ,对此我们应当有充分的认识。我国在会计标准的国际化大潮中 ,一直保持积极的姿态促进中国会计标准的国际化 ,并为此在理论准备、人员培训、对外交流等方面作了大量工作。当前 ,我国除了应当加强会计标准本身的国际化之外 ,还应当强化会计标准执行机制的建设 ,以促使会计标准的贯彻落实。     

Value relevance of accounting information: Evidence from an emerging market

Without making any distinction of the applicable accounting standards, this paper investigates, firstly, the value relevance of accounting information from 1999 to 2012 in different segments of the Chinese stock market. This investigation includes A-shares, prepared under Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) for domestic firms; B-shares, prepared under either the International Accounting Standards (IAS) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for both domestic and overseas firms; and H-shares prepared under either the IAS or Hong Kong GAAP for Hong Kong and overseas firms. Then, the paper examines whether or not the converged IFRS with CAS, applicable from 2007 onwards, is more value relevant when compared with prior to the 2007's standards (CAS, IAS, Hong Kong GAAP for A-share, B-share, and H-share markets, respectively). Based on 34,020 firm-year observations and after controlling for industry- and year-fixed effects, the findings suggest that accounting information is value relevant with A- and B-share markets, while it is partially relevant with the H-share market. The paper finds that the converged IFRS with CAS is more value relevant in A-shares and B-shares and it is partially more value relevant with the H-share market. These findings have implications for both policymakers and investors since they provide further empirical evidence for the current policy procedure which harmonizes local GAAP with IFRS.