我国上市公司财务状况与商业银行贷款利率的关系研究

随着我国利率市场化改革的不断深入,利率的形成机制和定价水平对于企业资金运用和资源配置的效率有着极其重要的意义.财务状况对商业银行贷款利率定价的影响也已成为理论与实物界的热点话题.本文运用沪市上市公司2008-2010年贷款利率信息及相应的财务信息为研究对象,检验企业各类财务比率(偿债能力、盈利能力、现金流量、资本结构、资产管理能力)对于贷款利率的实际影响.通过多元线性回归模型,得出以下结论:上市公司财务状况与贷款利率之间存在显著性相关关系;各类财务比率对贷款利率影响差异较大     

商业银行小徼企业贷款风险定价策略

本文从影响小微企业风险定价因素出发,通过对商业银行贷款定价的模式分析,详细阐述了针对小微企业贷款各模式的优缺点,提出了适用于商业银行小微企业贷款的风险定价策略。     

商业银行对于小微企业贷款的风险定价策略研究

小型微型企业在我国经济中扮演着重要角色，更是我国未来经济腾飞的主要动力，但这些企业却因为融资困难而难以得到更大的发展。造成这一状况的原因多种多样。例如难以打破对小微企业的旧有观念，以及企业经营财务上的风险制约。因此．商业银行如何对小微企业贷款进行合理定价就成为了重要的一个环节。本文分析了小微企业贷款定价的影响因素。并以民生银行为案例探讨其具体的定价措施。     

我国商业银行中小企业信贷风险评估体系的构建

开展中小企业贷款业务是商业银行优化信贷资产结构的重要措施，快速、准确评估其信贷风险是商业银行亟须解决的技术问题。经过长期实地调研，本文建立了适用于我国的中小企业信贷风险评估体系，其中，所建非财务指标体系，从行业环境、企业经营管理水平、经营者经验与素质、信用品质四方面进行评估；财务指标体系包括现金流流动负债比、净资产总资产比、息税前利润流动负债比、总资产周转速度、流动比率、现金流贷款比六个指标。以Logit统计回归模型为基础建立的评估模型，在分别评估非财务指标信息和财务指标信息后，加权相加两方面结果得到综合评估结果。实证检验证明，该评估体系的评估正确率达到95％以上。     

我国商业银行中小企业信贷风险评估体系的构建

开展中小企业贷款业务是商业银行优化信贷资产结构的重要措施,快速、准确评估其信贷风险是商业银行亟须解决的技术问题.经过长期实地调研,本文建立了适用于我国的中小企业信贷风险评估体系,其中,所建非财务指标体系,从行业环境、企业经营管理水平、经营者经验与素质、信用品质四方面进行评估;财务指标体系包括现金流流动负债比、净资产总资产比、息税前利润流动负债比、总资产周转速度、流动比率、现金流贷款比六个指标.以Logit统计回归模型为基础建立的评估模型,在分别评估非财务指标信息和财务指标信息后,加权相加两方面结果得到综合评估结果.实证检验证明,该评估体系的评估正确率达到95%以上.     

青海省小微企业贷款利率定价机制调查

本文通过对青海省小微企业贷款利率定价现状的调查,从当前小微企业贷款利率定价机制、定价技术等入手,就青海省小微企业贷款利率定价面临的问题,提出了政策建议。     

关于利率市场化进程中人民币贷款定价的探讨

自1996年人民币贷款八次降息以来，商业银行的利差空间逐步缩小，与此同时，优质企业对贷款下浮的需求越来越强烈，商业银行从风险管理和盈利考虑，探讨贷款定价与利率市场化问题。如何根据本行实际情况进行合理的贷款定价成为营销中面临的具体问题。本文通过实证分析银行贷款利率下浮情况及其对收益变动的影响，提出了贷款定价的设想：首先进行整体贷款定价，明确利率浮动范围；然后进行单笔贷款定价，有效控制浮动利率的贷款结构，将综合贷款利率控制在整体贷款目标利率范围内。另外，作者还对如何通过定量指标和定性指标相结合的标准化利率浮动评分体系确定单夂贷款定价进行了探讨。     

以Shibor为基准的农村信用社贷款定价模型设计——以包头市兴胜信用社为例的实证研究

贷款定价是金融机构对贷款合同价格的设定．其核心是贷款利率的决定。西部欠发达地区金融机构，尤其是农村信用社的贷款定价，普遍具有简单、粗放的特点，已经不能适应利率市场化要求苛影响其市场竞争力和长远发展。本文在分析经典定价模型和信用社目前利率现状的基础上，尝试建立“Shibor（或国家基准）＋保本利差＋保利利差＋期限利差＋信用利差一综舍调整利差”的贷款定价模型并以兴胜信用社为倒模拟定价，同时结合实际提出完善农村信用社贷款定价机制的建议，以期对推动农村信用社合理的利率机制的形成有所裨益。     

国有商业风险贷款定价内部机制实证研究

贷款定价是利率市场化环境下国有商业银行的核心业务。由于长期的利率管制影响,国有商业银行普遍缺少利率市场化的经验和技能,也缺乏贷款定价内部机制的深入探讨。国有商业银行贷款定价绩效受到多种因素的影响,而对这些因素功能的解析是提高贷款定价效率的有效策略。基于国有商业银行贷款定价的数据调查,借助于多元回归分析,在理论阐析的前提下,可以构建并实现对贷款定价绩效模型的检验,从而提出国有商业银行贷款定价的改进性策略,进而促进国有商业银行贷款定价能力的增长。     

关于利率市场化进程中人民币贷款定价的探讨

自1996年人民币存贷款八次降息以来,商业银行的利差空间逐步缩小,与此同时,优质企业对贷款下浮的需求越来越强烈,商业银行从风险管理和盈利考虑,探讨贷款定价与利率市场化问题.如何根据本行实际情况进行合理的贷款定价成为营销中面临的具体问题.本文通过实证分析银行贷款利率下浮情况及其对收益变动的影响,提出了贷款定价的设想:首先进行整体贷款定价,明确利率浮动范围;然后进行单笔贷款定价,有效控制浮动利率的贷款结构,将综合贷款利率控制在整体贷款目标利率范围内.另外,作者还对如何通过定量指标和定性指标相结合的标准化利率浮动评分体系确定单笔贷款定价进行了探讨.     

Risk-based pricing of interest rates for consumer loans

By focusing on observable default risk's role in loan terms and the subsequent consequences for household behavior, this paper shows that lenders increasingly used risk-based pricing of interest rates in consumer loan markets during the mid-1990s. It tests three resulting predictions: First, the premium paid per unit of risk should have increased over this period. Second, debt levels should have reacted accordingly. Third, fewer high-risk households should have been denied credit, further contributing to the interest rate spread between the highest- and lowest-risk borrowers.For people obtaining loans, the premium paid per unit of risk did indeed become significantly larger after the mid-1990s. For example, for a 0.01 increase in the probability of bankruptcy, the corresponding interest-rate increase tripled for first mortgages, doubled for automobile loans and rose nearly six-fold for second mortgages. Additionally, changes in borrowing levels and debt access reflected these new pricing practices, particularly for secured debt. Borrowing increased most for the low-risk households who saw their relative borrowing costs fall. Furthermore, while very high-risk households gained expanded access to credit, the increases in their risk premiums implied that their borrowing as a whole either rose less or, sometimes, fell.     

Loan pricing under Basel capital requirements

We analyze the loan pricing implications of the reform of bank capital regulation known as Basel II. We consider a perfectly competitive market for business loans where, as in the model underlying the internal ratings based (IRB) approach of Basel II, a single risk factor explains the correlation in defaults across firms. Our loan pricing equation implies that low risk firms will achieve reductions in their loan rates by borrowing from banks adopting the IRB approach, while high risk firms will avoid increases in their loan rates by borrowing from banks that adopt the less risk-sensitive standardized approach of Basel II. We also show that only a very high social cost of bank failure might justify the proposed IRB capital charges, partly because the net interest income from performing loans is not counted as a buffer against credit losses. A net interest income correction for IRB capital requirements is proposed.     

利率市场化背景下县域农村金融机构的贷款定价策略——以农村商业银行为例

为适应利率市场化,农村金融机构需要设计出更加科学的利率定价机制。本文通过现有农村金融机构贷款定价机制与利率市场化内在要求的比较和与国有银行贷款定价策略的对比。分析农村金融机构现有贷款定价体系建设的滞后因素以及在利率市场化背景下影响农村金融机构贷款定价的诸多因子和程度。探索符合县域农村金融机构贷款利率定价机制,逐步提高利率定价在配置资金方面的效率。     

汇率敏感性会影响企业贷款利率吗？——基于中国上市公司的分析

本文基于中国A股上市公司2009-2018年的数据,测算了企业价值对人民币汇率变动的敏感性。在此基础上,实证检验了汇率敏感性(企业价值对汇率变动的敏感程度)对企业贷款利率的影响和作用机制。研究发现:汇率敏感性与企业贷款利率之间显著正相关,且这种关系在拥有境外收入、境外投资和使用外汇衍生品的公司中更加显著。进一步分析发现,对于存在密切银企关系、较大的股东债权人利益冲突以及抵押品价值较低的企业,汇率敏感性与贷款利率之间的正相关关系更加显著。本文研究结果表明,随着我国市场化改革的进一步深化,贷款利率将会更加显著地反映企业的汇率敏感性特征。这种效应对于存在海外业务、银行更了解借款公司信息,以及违约可能性更高的公司更加明显。本文研究对于增强我国企业应对汇率风险能力,完善金融机构风险定价能力,引导金融机构服务实体企业具有一定参考意义。     

Managing the risk of loan prepayments and the optimal structure of short term lending rates

Loan pricing is an extremely important aspect of bank operations because loans are typically over two-thirds of bank assets. Many researchers have analyzed the theoretical and empirical impact of how different factors should and do affect fixed rate loan rates and loan prepayments. However, a theoretical decision making model for maximizing expected profit in a declining rate environment has not been developed. After describing the conditions for the optimal loan rate, we develop numerical solutions for it under varying conditions. The varying conditions include the trend in interest rates, volatility of interest rates, and loan maturity. We thank Yen Low and Hamed Bagherpour for their assistance.     

产业链金融视角下财务公司融资产品定价研究——基于模糊B S欧式看跌期权模型

财务公司为产业链上的中小企业提供产业链金融产品,需要获得一个合理的融资利率。由于产业链金融产品主要以应收账款、存货等动产抵押物作为还款来源,因此,财务公司在定价的时候要突出考虑抵押物的价值波动,而抵押物价值又存在模糊特性,常见的贷款定价方法无法正确识别出来。为此,在传统的定价方法基础上,将期权定价模型引入财务公司产业链融资产品的定价中,重点考虑动产抵押物的价值波动以及无风险利率的波动性,得出基于抵押物价值的基础利率,同时财务公司可以根据产业链条的主体特点对贷款利率进行优化调整。     

Accounting Quality and Loan Pricing: The Effect of Cross-country Differences in Legal Enforcement

This study examines whether the strength of legal enforcement at the country level plays a role in the value-relevance of accounting quality for loan pricing determination, using an international sample of firms reporting under IFRS. The underlying hypothesis is that stronger vs. weaker enforcement should affect the informativeness of financial statements, due to their increased credibility, and thus results in a stronger influence of accounting quality on loan pricing, in case this information is considered more reliable by potential lenders. Evidence indicates that accounting quality is consequential for the determination of loan spread only in combination with the level of legal enforcement, and this only holds for the countries with stronger legal enforcement. This evidence indicates that financial statement quality information is value-relevant and has a significant impact on the determination of loan pricing only if this information is considered to be credible enough by loan providers in a country, and this is the case when legal enforcement is stronger.     

Pricing of Loan Commitments for Facilitating Stochastic Liquidity Needs

A bank loan commitment is often priced as a European-style put option that is used by a company with a known borrowing need on a known future date to lock in an interest rate. The literature has abstracted some of the important institutional features of a loan commitment contract. First, the timing, number, and size of the loan takedowns under such a contract are often random, rather than fixed. Second, companies often use loan commitment contracts to reduce the transaction costs of frequent borrowing and to serve as a guarantee for large and immediate random liquidity needs. Third, commercial banks maintain liquidity reserves for making random spot loans or random committed loans. Partial loan takedowns raise, rather than lower, the opportunity cost of a committed bank??s holding of excess capacity. This paper introduces a ??stochastic needs-based?? pricing model that incorporates these features. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the effects of various parameters on the fair price of a loan commitment.     

Managerial ability and bank‐loan pricing

This paper examines the impact of borrowers’ managerial ability on lenders’ bank‐loan pricing and the channels through which managerial ability affects bank‐loan pricing. Using a large sample of US bank loans, we provide evidence that higher managerial ability is associated with lower bank‐loan prices. This effect is stronger in firms with high information risk, suggesting that an important channel for managerial ability to affect bank‐loan pricing is through improved financial disclosure to mitigate information asymmetry. The relationship is also stronger for firms with weak business fundamentals, implying that another channel is through improved business performance. Of these two mechanisms, path analysis suggests that the business‐fundamentals mechanism is the more important channel through which managerial ability affects bank‐loan pricing.     

西方银行贷款定价理论评述

作为金融中介理论的重要组成部分，银行贷款定价理论围绕对银行行为的探讨而展开，已形成了较完整的理论体系。本文选择三种有代表性的银行贷款定价理论——基于市场结构的贷款定价、基于关系型贷款的定价和最前沿的基于风险的贷款定价理论进行介绍与评价，以期为我国银行贷款定价实践提供理论指导。