“新基建”影响高新技术产业技术创新效率机制模型探讨及其实证检验

“新基建”与高新技术产业技术创新效率二者之间客观上存在直接效应、中介效应和空间溢出效应。笔者依据产业创新理论和信息资源理论,在构建“新基建”影响高新技术产业技术创新效率机制模型的基础上,利用2006—2020年中国28个省份的面板数据,实证检验了“新基建”与高新技术产业技术创新效率的关系及其变化。检验结果证实：“新基建”正向影响高新技术产业技术创新效率;在“新基建”影响高新技术产业技术创新效率过程中,产业结构高级化发挥中介作用;“新基建”正向影响高新技术产业技术创新效率时具有空间溢出效应。本研究通过尝试性地构建“新基建”影响高新技术产业技术创新效率机制模型并予以实证检验,揭示了当下“新基建”与高新技术产业技术创新效率二者之间的影响机制,在一定范围内拓展了产业创新理论和信息资源理论的应用边界,研究结论可以为相关政府部门制定产业发展规划和企业提高高新技术产业创新效率提供理论依据。     

过度自信的CEO影响高新技术企业的研发效率吗?

国内外学者高度重视CEO过度自信与企业创新投入与产出的数量关系,却忽视了其对企业研发效率的影响。通过构建关于研发团队行为的进化博弈模型,分析了CEO过度自信影响研发效率的作用机理,并通过手工收集2010~2015年中国高新技术企业研发数据,运用真正固定效应随机前沿模型和面板门限模型进行实证检验。结果表明,CEO过度自信对研发效率的影响显著存在基于自由探索氛围的单门限效应,只有自由探索氛围跨过9%左右的门限,过度自信的CEO才能激发研发团队努力探索,提升研发效率。研究结论深化了过度自信的相关理论,揭示了自由探索氛围对研发效率的影响,且有助于政府部门制定高新技术企业硕博士人才比例认证标准。     

管理者权力、投资机会与公司非投资效率间的动态关系——基于动态面板System GMM模型的实证研究

本文以2002—2011年716家上市公司为样本,在动态内生性的框架下,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法,同时考虑了三种内生性,以动态的视角研究了管理者权力、投资机会与公司非效率投资间的关系。研究发现：管理者权力和投资机会不仅对当期公司非效率投资有显著的影响,而且对下一期的公司非效率投资也有显著的影响。管理者权力和投资机会对公司非效率投资有长期影响,而且其交互效应也对公司非效率投资有显著的影响。     

商业银行利润效率测度及影响因素分析

本文以中国14家商业银行1996～2006年的数据为样本,运用随机前沿分析法测度这些银行的利润效率状况及变迁趋势,并基于测度结果,运用面板数据检验影响中国商业银行利润效率水平的因素。随机前沿分析结果表明,样本期内14家商业银行的利润效率水平呈现下降之势。面板数据实证分析结果发现:外资银行进入会影响中国商业银行的利润效率水平,但统计上不显著;而中国经济的高速增长显著影响中国商业银行利润效率水平;银行自身变量中的银行资产收益率、净利息收入率以及贷款规模显著影响其利润效率水平,而银行产权结构、非利息收入对利润效率水平影响不显著。     

金融发展推动产业供给侧结构性改革的路径选择

基于新古典经济增长理论,提出金融发展推动我国产业供给侧结构性改革的理论路径.利用我国2008-2015年省级面板数据,通过构建双向固定效应模型对相关路径进行探究和论证,结果表明:金融规模推动产业层次提升的资本驱动路径的有效性边际递减,金融结构引导产业科技水平提高的创新引领路径的有效性并不显著,金融效率促进产业高效化发展的管理优化路径的有效性逐渐提升.     

公司治理机制、替代效应与公司非效率投资——基于动态内生性的经验研究

以上交所和深交所2002--2009年上市公司为样本,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法,同时考虑三种内生性,以动态性的视角研究公司治理机制与公司非效率投资跨时期的相互作用,得到以下结论：不仅当期公司治理机制对当期公司非效率投资有显著的影响,而且前期公司治理机制对当期公司非效率投资也有显著的影响,并且前期公司非效率投资对当期公司治理机制有显著的反馈效应,公司治理机制与公司非效率投资间存在动态内生性。此外,公司的监督机制与激励机制在抑制公司的非效率投资方面存在替代关系。     

制度创新：提升高新技术产业自主创新能力的关键

对于高新技术产业来说,产业的核心技术,特别是前沿和战略高技术是引进不来的,要靠自主创新。而决定高新技术产业自主创新能力的关键在于其制度安排:制度安排保障创新资源最优配置,持续创新动力,提高自主创新产出增长力。因此,提升高新技术产业自主创新能力需要制度创新。通过比较美、日、德、法、韩等国各具特色的高新技术产业自主创新的制度安排,提出了提升我国高新技术产业自主创新能力的制度路径:完善科技制度、建立有效的科技投入资金运作制度、优化人才制度等等。     

中国与东南亚国家贸易潜力及影响因素研究——基于随机前沿引力模型

运用时变随机前沿引力模型和贸易非效率模型,以1998-2016年中国及东南亚九个国家面板数据为样本,测度中国对东南亚国家出口贸易潜力,并分析其主要影响因素。结果表明：1998-2016年中国对东南亚国家出口贸易潜力呈现先上升后下降趋势,依然有较大提升空间,中国对东南亚国家出口贸易潜力差异较大。航空运输货运量、货币自由度、财务自由度、商业自由度及世界贸易组织成员国均对出口贸易非效率具有显著的影响。     

农机服务规模经营对粮食生产效率的影响机理研究

依据2009—2019年全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的省级面板数据,运用随机前沿分析方法和Tobit模型,考量农机服务规模经营对粮食生产效率的影响及其作用机理。结果显示：2009—2019年,中国粮食生产效率总体递增,但区域间发展不平衡;农机服务规模经营通过技术引入效应和劳动力替代效应提高粮食生产效率,其中,技术引入效应的发挥受限于农业研发支出水平及其增速,劳动力替代效应在农业劳动力成本高的区域发挥的影响效用更佳。鉴于此,应加快农业科技创新,发展粮食生产全程机械化服务,完善农机社会化服务体系。     

产业转移承接效率对经济增长的门槛效应研究——以江西省为例

本文基于江西省2006-2015年面板数据,运用DEA模型,以工业增加值为产出要素,将实际使用外商投资、实际利用省外境内、外商和港澳台投资额、第二产业从业人员作为投入要素,测算出江西省11个地市产业转移承接效率,并通过门槛面板回归模型探讨其对经济增长效应的门槛特征。研究发现,江西省各地市产业转移承接效率整体偏低,各地区的产业转移承接效率与自身经济发展水平并不一致,经济发展水平高的地区产业转移承接效率低,反之,经济发展水平低的地区产业转移承接效率却很高。同时,产业转移承接效率与地区经济发展水平之间呈现出较为复杂的非线性关系,而非简单的线形关系,即产业转移承接效率对经济发展的促进作用随着产业承接效率的提高而缓慢减弱。     

供给侧结构性改革进程中技术创新效率研究

本文以生产要素内部配置结构调整对边际产出弹性影响为基础,建立包含生产要素内部配置结构的科布-道格拉斯生产函数,对中国工业企业技术创新效率进行实证分析。主要结论有:区域外商投资工业企业比例的增加能提升资本和劳动力边际产出弹性;区域内资工业企业比例的增加能提升劳动力边际产出弹性;政府科技资助与工业企业技术创新效率之间并非简单的线性关系。提高工业企业技术创新效率需要政府科技资助形成一定规模;劳动者素质提高对工业企业技术创新效率产生积极影响。政策建议是:继续加大对外开放力度,优化区域生产要素配置结构;扩大政府科技资助规模,优化政府科技资助结构;有效引导高素质人才流动。     

政府R&D资助与企业技术创新——基于效率视角的实证分析

应用1998～2007年中国大中型工业企业分行业面板数据,采用柯布-道格拉斯(C-D)生产函数形式的随机前沿模型,基于效率的视角,实证考察了政府R&D资助等因素对企业技术创新的影响。研究发现:政府R&D资助对提升企业的技术创新效率有显著的正向影响;企业自身R&D投入的提高有利于其吸收和利用政府的R&D资助,但企业规模和产权类型对政府R&D资助效果的影响并不显著。     

需求异质性视角下的科技保险财政补贴政策优化

科技保险是科技创新支持体系的关键组成部分。试点十余年来,尽管政府一直对科技保险实行高比例的财政补贴政策,但至今市场需求一直低迷。根本原因在于,现行同质化的财政补贴政策未能契合科技保险需求的异质性特征,难以对科技保险需求形成有效激励。据此,本文在分析科技保险补贴现状和问题的基础上,对科技保险需求异质性问题进行了理论阐述,指出科技保险需求的异质性归根结底来源于高技术行业的异质性。随后,通过建立行业创新风险衡量指标体系,以广东省为例对六大高技术行业的创新风险进行了定量研究,并以此提出了基于行业异质性和险种分类的二维科技保险分类补贴方案。     

科技型中小企业新三板市场融资效率分析——基于湖北省企业面板数据的实证研究

随着新三板市场的不断发展,其已成为科技型中小企业重要的融资渠道。本文以在新三板挂牌的湖北省科技型中小企业为研究对象,运用DEA方法测算他们的融资效率并进行比较分析,纵向对比与横向对比的结果均表明借助新三板进行融资并未带来企业融资效率的提升。进一步,构建动态面板数据模型来分析影响融资效率的主要因素,实证结果表明:由于融入资金未得到充分利用和合理配置,抑制了企业盈利能力、成长能力、偿债能力、营运能力、研发与创新能力的提升,继而导致了新三板科技型中小企业融资效率下降。     

Does FinTech development facilitate firms' innovation? Evidence from China

This study examines the impact of financial technology (FinTech) development on firms' innovation. Using Chinese listed firms' panel data from 2011 to 2021 and the FinTech indicators we constructed, we find that FinTech development significantly facilitates firms' innovation by alleviating their information asymmetry and financing constraints. This finding continues to hold after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity discussions. Moreover, we find that the effect of FinTech development on innovation is more pronounced for non-state-owned firms, firms in the central region, and high-tech firms. These results offer important policy implications as they demonstrate the crucial role of FinTech in the high-quality development of the real economy.     

Priorities for future innovation: Russian S&T Foresight 2030

Under the transition to a market economy Russian science, technology and innovation (STI) has changed dramatically. After the crisis of late 1990s, the government declared science and technology (S&T) as one of national priorities and started increasingly investing in this sector but it has not led to the tangible output like a bigger volume of high-tech exports or a higher share of international publications. A number of policy instruments have been introduced to increase the efficiency of STI policies. One of them is S&T Foresight.The activities aimed at identification of national S&T priorities and series of Foresight studies have helped to understand which areas are most promising for sustaining existing competitive advantages and building new ones via gradual shift from the resource-based economy towards the technology-oriented one.The paper presents the design and organisation of a large-scale Russian S&T Foresight exercise as a fully-fledged instrument of the national STI policy and discusses the achieved results and their use for policies at different levels.     

Hedge Funds and Corporate Innovation

Using National Bureau of Economics Research patent data and hedge fund holdings in US firms from 1998 to 2006, we examine the effect of hedge fund ownership on corporate innovation. We find that hedge fund ownership increases both patent quantity and quality, even after controlling for endogeneity. Hedge funds appear to increase innovation and firm value by increasing research and development (R&D) productivity and innovation efficiency rather than R&D input. Our study suggests another channel through which hedge funds may enhance firm value, contributing to the literature on hedge fund ownership.     

Turkish bank efficiency: Bayesian estimation with undesirable outputs

This paper analyzes the productivity and efficiency of Turkish banks from 2002 to 2010. We obtained estimates of efficiency, productivity growth and efficiency growth using a Bayesian stochastic frontier approach and focused on accounting for Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) for use in our model. Specifically, we introduce NPLs as a bad output in an input distance function, and estimate a system of non-linear equations subject to endogeneity. We confirm that the productivity growth of Turkish banks was positive over the period of this study, which was mainly due to the improvement in technology, while efficiency growth continued to be negative over the same period. Methodologically, we also prove that not accounting for NPLs in estimating the frontier model might seriously distort the efficiency and productivity results. The study also provides measures of shadow prices for NPL and discusses the results in terms of several interesting trends in Turkish banking. Finally, the paper provides efficiency and productivity comparisons between domestic and foreign banks.     

High-technology development zones and innovation in knowledge-intensive service firms: Evidence from Chinese A-share listed firms

Academic attention has been increasingly focused on the relationship between the practice of development zones and firm innovation. This paper explores the impact effect and mechanism of the establishment of high-tech development zones on the innovation behavior of knowledge-intensive service enterprises using data from A-share listed companies from 2005 to 2019. It is found that the establishment of high-tech development zones has a significant positive effect on the improvement of innovation capability among knowledge-intensive service enterprises. After mitigating the endogeneity problem, considering the sample selection problem, and conducting other robustness tests, the estimation results still support the baseline findings. Meanwhile, the innovation effect of high-tech zone establishment shows significant heterogeneity. Specifically, the impact of high-technology development zone establishment on firms' innovation capacity is most significant among technology service firms. In addition, the effect of high-tech development zone establishment on firms' innovation capability is more significant if the firms are located in national high-tech zones, or the eastern region, or in regions with high openness. Therefore, regions should actively optimize their upgrading and transformation of existing high-tech zones, strengthen the integration between high-tech zones, and actively guide the innovative development of knowledge-intensive service enterprises in high-tech zones.     

Corporate efficiency,credit status and investment

This paper considers the relationship between financial frictions and investment. In an effort to clarify the role of cash flow in examining the impact of capital market imperfections, endogenous switching regression models are estimated for a panel of 1122 UK firms listed on the London Stock Exchange over the period of 1981–2009. Not only is the financial regime which the firm faces endogenous, we also allow the regime to change over time via modeling efficiency using stochastic frontier analysis. The results reveal that a firm's constrained credit status changes with the improvement of its efficiency. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that financially constrained firm's investment is comparatively more sensitive to its cash flow. Moreover, this sensitivity is statistically significant and is negatively related with corporate efficiency.