法律地理学论纲

法律地理学不是“陡然出世”的研究领域。其沿着关联性脉络与辩证性脉络发展，核心是研究“人—法律—地”的学问。法律地理学有着反思空间排斥现象的制度原因、阐释“城市与乡村”“省域与市域、县域”等具体空间的规范性意涵、深化地方法治建设等功能。法律地理学的关键范畴是空间正义、城市权利、尺度、身份和边界，研究方法主要是“行为—结构”分析与“双重想象”。     

不同法律体制下的会计差异:西方主要会计模式的比较

会计是社会发展的产物。纵观会计发展的历史进程,不难看出社会环境因素对会计演变所起的作用,其中法律体制对会计理论和实务的影响也十分明显。在对外开放的今天,加强对西方资本主义国家法律特征的研究并进而探究其对会计模式的影响,对我们分析不同会计模式的形成,掌握其特点,以及如何结合我国实际情况借鉴西方会计的先进经验,都是十分有益的。     

法律认知和法律原则： 情感、效率与公平

情感、效率、公平是人们认知活动中惯常的三个进程。对应这三个进程,人们对法律的认知有一些基本的原则。这些认知互动既可能形成社会自发秩序,也可能为法学提供一个基于认知背景的分析框架,有助于法学应对实践问题。“公平主导”的一个简单回答是,面对不同场合,情感、效率、公平三种进程被激活的程度不同。大体上,家庭场合激活情感,工程场合激活效率,市场和法律则更激活公平。在实践中,公平主导的法律原则由于比较接近主流社会认知,所以法律规范在社会中往往可能“自执行”,无需全靠外界监督或者激励。公平原则也有其自身的局限。虽然规范和原则很重要,是社会秩序的母体。但是,公平原则并不能解决所有问题。缺乏制度上的法治,光靠情理法是不足的。所以现代社会形成了规则化解决纠纷的机制,这就是二阶意义上的法律。关键词认知科学公平原则情感原则效率原则社会自发秩序认知科学对法律研究有何意义？认知科学能从哪些角度解读法律？本文的撰写目的是： 基于大脑认知三种进程的研究,提出法律认知过程的三原则,并结合我国的立法和司法实践对公平原则的具体应用状况,对其加以检验。本文第一部分基于现有的认知科学成果,把人脑的认知进程分为“情感脑”“效率脑”和“公平脑”三种;第二部分介绍法律认知的“情感原则”“效率原则”和“公平原则”,并结合我国立法和司法实务,分析法律认知三原则的具体运行状况;第三部分借助实证分析,验证公平原则是我国法律实践中法律认知的主导性原则;第四部分则是针对第三部分实证分析结论的进一步解释,说明公平原则缘何能够成为主导性原则;第五部分作为本文结论,讨论法律认知原则可能的实践意义及其运用限度。     

公司为什么选择法律背景的独立董事?

独立董事是公司治理领域的重要研究内容,从专业背景分析独立董事制度则是近期理论研究重点内容之一。本文分析了我国上市公司聘请法律背景独立董事的动因和经济后果。研究发现,我国上市公司聘请法律独立董事的主要动因在于咨询,而非监督;当公司有着较多的法律诉讼、股利分配、股权转让以及资产收购等活动时,其更愿意聘请法律独董;当上市公司聘请法律独董时,其比较偏好声誉高和实务经验丰富的法律独董。进一步研究发现,聘请法律独董的上市公司一般都有着较高的市场价值。本文研究不仅丰富了独立董事专业背景方面的研究文献,也拓展了法与金融的研究内容,还为提高上市公司治理效率提供了新的启示。     

社会资本、法律保护与IPO盈余管理

本文引入"社会资本"这一社会学概念,首次从微观视角实证研究我国各省社会资本水平差异对上市公司IPO盈余管理行为的影响,并进而深入探讨社会资本与法律保护这两种外部约束机制在影响公司盈余管理决策方面的相互替代作用。结果发现:在社会资本水平较高的省份,上市公司更不可能进行IPO盈余管理,而且社会资本与法律保护在公司IPO盈余管理决策中所起的作用是可替代的,即在我国法律保护比较薄弱的地区,社会资本对IPO盈余管理行为的约束作用更加显著;反之反是。本文的研究不仅拓展了盈余管理的研究领域,而且丰富了社会资本与法律保护替代作用的研究。     

法律、金融发展与经济增长--法律金融理论研究述评

法律金融理论是法律经济学在金融学领域的运用和发展.法律金融理论已经取得的研究成果可以分为宏观法律金融理论和微观法律金融理论,法律金融理论对金融领域的诸多问题具有一定的解释力,但也存在过分推崇英美法、研究范式单一、对转轨国家经验研究单薄等缺陷.     

浅谈法律原则的相关理论

二十一世纪的中国是法治的中国,对社会主义法律体系的构建是一个十分重要的任务,而要构建社会主义法律体系就应当从源头着手,而且法律原则的性质也是标志着我国社会主义法与西方资本主义法的根本区别,所以法律原则的研究应当作为社会主义法的重中之重.最早提出法律原则概念的是德国的法学理论,它的特点是比较笼统、模糊,长期以来,这一重要的法理学问题并没有得到我国法学家的应有重视,我们觉得,作为纯粹法理学的重要概念之一,法律原则问题值得用更大的篇幅来做处理和说明.     

一人公司的相关法律制度

一人公司作为一种新型的公司形态,一方面反映了现实社会的客观需要,另一方面对传统公司理念构成了极大的挑战。一人公司在国外已经得到了法律的逐渐认可,但我国公司法对一人公司未有规定,表现了立法的滞后性。各国公司法之所以将一人公司纳入法定的公司范畴,是其必要性和可行性的有机结合。经济学之企业、公司理论有助于我们设计合理的一人公司相关具体制度。     

浅谈生态补偿法律机制的建立

环境污染与生态保护问题正越来越受到人们的重视,全球许多国家都给予其高度关注。要实现人类与自然及社会可持续发展,我们需要建立生态补偿法律制度。本文从生态补偿的法律内涵入手,着重谈我国生态补偿法律制度存在缺陷并对其建立和完善进行探讨。     

法律的模糊性与保险合同

随着法律对社会实践中出现的一些具体情况不可能做出相应规定或规定得不具体、不明确，导致法律处理的不确定性，我们称为法律的模糊性(注：本文仅讨论民事法律的模糊性)。法律之所以出现一定的模糊性，是由法律规范的确定性与具体行为的复杂多变性决定的。在我国的保险法律中，法律的模糊性相对要强一些，     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

The life and career of John Spence Ogilvy (1805-71), the first chartered accountant to emigrate to Australia

So far as the available evidence allows, this paper examines the life and career of John Spence Ogilvy, foundation member of the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh in 1854, who emigrated to Melbourne in 1856, but did not play a part in the development of an organized accounting profession in Australia. The paper also attempts to explain the gap of thirty-two years between the formation of the first accounting bodies in Edinburgh and Melbourne.     

Female CFOs and loan contracting: Financial conservatism or gender discrimination? – An empirical test based on collateral clauses

Based on signaling and gender discrimination theory, we examine whether chief financial officer(CFO) gender matters to bank–firm relationships and the designing...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

<正>The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

The Impact of IFRS Adoption on an Agribusiness Company's Financial Statements

This fictional case is based on a Canadian public company that produces greenhouse vegetables. Focusing on the differences between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Canadian Accounting Standards for Private Enterprises (ASPE), this case provides students an opportunity to (1) apply IFRS in a real world setting; (2) prepare and reconcile financial statements under ASPE and IFRS; (3) analyze the impact of IFRS adoption on key financial ratios; and (4) detect and explain differences in financial statements under ASPE and IFRS through common size analysis.