我国开展小额保险的探讨

由于我国社会保障体制还不是很完善,许多低收入者缺乏基本的生活保障,缺少有效的防范风险的手段。小额保险是按照公认的保险原理运营的、为低收入群体提供的一种保险,具有条款浅显易懂,核保简便,经营流程简单等特征。小额保险在我国还处于探索阶段,本文结合我国国情,分析我国开展小额保险的必要性,对我国开展小额保险提出政策建议,力图能对小额保险在我国开展有一定的理论与现实指导意义。     

商业保险公司开拓农村小额保险市场浅探

为了解决低收入者的风险保障问题，小额保险自上个世纪90年代在发展中国家日渐兴起，并且在解决农村人口基本保障、降低贫困方面发挥了积极的作用。我国自2006年初识小额保险的国际经验，2007年4月，中国保监会加入国际保险监督官协会（IAIS）与国际扶贫协商开发组织的小额保险联合工作组，着手推动国内小额人身保险发展。中国保险业对小额保险认识日益加深。     

普惠金融视角下农户小额信贷模式研究

普惠金融旨在为社会所有人,特别是贫困和低收入者提供金融服务,帮助他们摆脱贫困.小额信贷作为普惠金融的核心,是普惠金融理念的有效实践.通过了解普惠金融的涵义,指出我国的农户小额信贷模式存在问题,分析公司+农户的小额信贷模式、保险+农户小额信贷模式、P2P网络农户小额信贷模式的基本情况,提出完善发展我国农户小额贷款的各种主体相结合模式,以更好地发展农户小额信贷,进一步促进我国农村经济的发展.     

我国农村小额人身保险制度问题研究

日前,由保监会组织和启动的农村小额人身保险试点在19个省(自治区)铺展开来,小额人身保险在面临良好发展机遇的同时,在实践中也存在诸多制约其发展的问题和因素.本文针对我国农村开展小额人身保险的现实环境,借鉴其在国外运行的成功经验,从政府作为小额保险制度初级供给主体的制度供给效率、小额保险经营机构的产品供给能力以及小额保险目标群体的需求意愿与购买能力三个维度出发,研究农村小额人身保险制度的可持续性发展问题,希望对刚刚起步的我国农村小额人身保险的可持续运行和政策制定提供决策参考和对策建议.     

完善我国农村小额保险的若干思考

小额保险是为农村和城市低收入人群提供的一种简易保险,它作为一种市场化的金融扶贫手段,被越来越多的发展中国家广泛采用.调查发现,我国农村一半以上的人有过人身或者财产损失,但是其获得正规风险解决方案的渠道却十分有限,基本停留在储蓄或者是来自朋友和家庭的支持.他们的风险保障需求明显没有得到满足.农村小额保险是一种有效的风险管理手段,目前在我国仍处于探索阶段.本文基于农村小额保险理论,分析我国农村小额保险的发展现状,总结印度小额保险的发展经验,对我国开展农村小额保险提出一些政策建议.     

促进我国农村小额人身保险发展的思考

我国开展农村小额人身保险试点工作以来,试点区域和试点产品不断增加,保险覆盖面逐渐扩大,风险保障的作用不断体现,取得了较显著的成效。但是,从试点工作的情况来看,农村小额人身保险在我国的发展还面临着来自宏观层面和微观层面的诸多制约因素。突破这些制约因素的限制,促进我国农村人身保险的发展,需要从宏观层面上健全相关的法律法规、税收优惠和财政补贴政策,形成长效的制度保障;完善对农村小额人身保险的引导和监管;增加农民收入,提高农民的保险购买能力;加大宣传力度,普及保险教育,提高农民的保险意识。在微观层面,保险公司应转变经营思路,完善人才、产品、营销渠道和手段、服务以及风险管理策略。     

对我国农村小额再保险机制建设的思考

小额保险为发展农村小额信贷、满足农村资金需求提供了保障。然而,承办农村小额保险的公司却无法承受农业经济发展中天然的高风险,小额再保险在农村的实施势在必行。本文分析了我国农村引入小额再保险的重要意义,指出当前我国小额再保险发展面临的障碍,并提出了小额再保险建设的具体建议。     

中国农村小额人身保险需求影响因素分析——基于安徽省黄山市的实证研究

自2008年开展试点工作以来,农村小额人身保险取得了长足的发展,但其实际覆盖面与农民巨大的潜在需求依然存在相当的差距。探究我国广大农村人群对农村小额人身保险的具体需求以及需求影响因素,能够为推进小额人身保险工作提供数据支持和政策建议。本文基于安徽省黄山市的调研数据,对农村小额人身保险的投保意愿及保险花费的影响因素进行实证分析。研究发现,试点支持性政策对于中国农村小额人身保险的发展具有显著的推动作用;而受教育年限、劳动力比率和家庭收入水平等因素对小额保险需求的影响是非线性的。伴随农村社会经济条件的改善,普通人身险的市场潜力会逐步释放,小额保险作为提高保险感知度、增进客户体验的重要方式,对未来农村地区人身险市场的发展也具有重要作用。     

河北省农村小额保险存在的问题及对策

中国保监会在2009年4月决定进一步扩大农村小额人身保险试点范围,河北省成为第二批试点省份。为了解河北省农村小额保险的开展情况,2010年1月,笔者组织了280名学生,利用寒假时间,深入到河北省部分试点县,通过问卷调查和访谈等形式，了解农民对小额保险的认知以及购买等情况。本次调查基本摸清了目前河北农村小额保险的情况、存在问题，并提出了发展对策。     

我国小额保险可持续发展的对策探讨

小额保险是一种在成本、期限、承保范围和供应机制方面适用于中低收入市场的风险分担性产品。发展小额保险,对于扶助低收入和弱势群体,降低经济和社会发展与变革过程中的整体风险也具有重要作用。我国小额保险的发展还面临着一些制约农村小额保险进一步发展的不利因素。保险业必须以科学发展观为指导,紧密结合我国农村经济社会发展实际,努力营造小额保险发展良好环境,不断创新小额保险发展模式,实现小额保险的可持续健康发展。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...