我国反洗钱可疑交易数据质量治理对策分析

近年来,我国反洗钱领域可疑交易报告数据井喷现象引起了国内外的关注,更引起了人们对我国反洗钱制度有效性的质疑。海量的可疑交易报告数量是金融机构在现行制度下为了降低反洗钱成本而过度采用机器替代人工报告可疑交易的结果。因此有必要在深化防范风险为本的反洗钱制度的基础上,一方面正确区分可疑交易,将合法经济符合特征的可疑交易剔除,从而减少可疑交易的总量;另一方面推行金融机构法人监管制度,发挥金融机构主观能动性,提高可疑交易数据的质量,从而进一步提高反洗钱工作的效率。     

反洗钱可疑交易报告制度有效性探析

可疑交易报告制度有效性的衡量指标为立案数或破案数占可疑交易报告数的比率。当前我国可疑交易报告制度有效性相当低,原因在于可疑交易报告制度过于刚性,以规则为本强力监管下的防御性报送行为严重,以及外部条件的缺失。为此,应逐步减少可疑交易的客观标准,强化金融机构的自主识别能力;转变监管导向,加强正向激励,减少防御性报送并加强反洗钱外部环境建设。     

反洗钱可疑交易报告制度有效性探析

可疑交易报告制度有效性的衡量指标为立案数或破案数占可疑交易报告数的比率。当前我国可疑交易报告制度有效性相当低,原因在于可疑交易报告制度过于刚性,以规则为本强力监管下的防御性报送行为严重,以及外部条件的缺失。为此,应逐步减少可疑交易的客观标准,强化金融机构的自主识别能力;转变监管导向,加强正向激励,减少防御性报送并加强反洗钱外部环境建设。     

构建我国商业银行可疑交易报告体系的探讨

可疑交易报告是金融机构反洗钱核心工作之一。履行可疑交易报告义务以来,监管部门和商业银行在监测、报告可疑交易方面经历了反复的探索和制度变革,旨在逐步建立一个适合我国国情的可疑交易报告体系。本文通过考察我国商业银行可疑交易监测效率,探讨影响商业银行可疑交易报告的各类因素。借鉴国外可疑交易报告经验,提出在＂风险为本＂监管理念下如何构建我国商业银行可疑交易报告体系的思路和方法。     

我国反洗钱可疑交易报告工作困境与改进建议

近年来,随着反洗钱监管不断深入,我国面临着较为严重的可疑交易防御报送问题,不仅导致反洗钱情报价值低下,并严重制约了反洗钱工作的有效性。本文深入解析防御性报送产生的内在根源,从制度安排与监管导向着手,探索破解可疑交易报告工作困境方法与手段。     

美国反洗钱监管经验及其借鉴

美国金融市场高度发达,反洗钱监管机制和体制具有很强的国际示范性和代表意义。从美国虚拟货币反洗钱监管、建立反洗钱交易监控与过滤程序管理规则、建立特定非金融行业反洗钱监管制度、开展反洗钱培训与资格认证等四个方面入手,总结美国的经验,分析我国的不足,对我国推进《金融机构大额交易和可疑交易报告管理办法》落地实施,不断完善反洗钱交易监控机制具有借鉴意义。     

我国金融机构可疑交易监测的有效性分析

可疑交易监测分析就是通过收集、判断、识别的可疑资金交易报告,分析可疑交易并提炼涉嫌洗钱犯罪情报的过程。我国反洗钱工作主要以金融机构依据《管理办法》中有关规定上报的可疑交易数据为调查洗钱犯罪的基础。但由于反洗钱社会成本高和反洗钱制度的缺陷、分析信息的不全面,从而导致可疑交易报告质量不高、可疑交易分析有效性低的问题。要进一步提升我国可疑交易监测分析有效性,既要从源头掌握客户全部信息,通过激励机制提高可疑交易报告质量和举报积极性,通过多层次分析机制和引入先进的分析技术和可疑交易模型技术,这样才能进一步提高可疑交易监测分析的有效性,才能发现更多的洗钱犯罪线索,从而有效地打击各种洗钱犯罪活动。     

反洗钱可疑交易报告制度有效性探析

当前我国可疑交易报告制度有效性相当低,原因在于可疑交易报告制度过于刚性,以规则为本强力监管下的防御性报送行为严重,以及外部条件的缺失.为此,应逐步减少可疑交易的客观标准,强化金融机构的自主识别能力;转变监管导向,加强正向激励,减少防御性报送并加强反洗钱外部环境建设.     

大数据在反洗钱可疑资金监测中的应用

当前我国反洗钱可疑资金监测工作存在无法全面深入了解客户真实身份,交易背景、可疑交易资金链甄别难度大,人工方式识别可疑交易效率低,数据风险和信息安全风险交织等问题.随着我国金融科技的迅猛发展和监管科技的持续升级,大数据应用能有效解决以上难题.本文对应用大数据加强反洗钱可疑资金监测工作进行思考,并提出相关建议.     

技术、制度与可疑交易数据的质量

我国近年来反洗钱领域可疑交易报告数据井喷现象引起了国内外的关注,更引起了人们对我国反洗钱制度有效性的质疑。笔者认为,海量的可疑交易报告数量是金融机构在现行制度下为了降低反洗钱成本而过度采用机器替代人工报告可疑交易的结果。本文分析了现行可疑交易报告制度的运行机制,然后对可疑交易报告数量飙升现象进行了解释,最后提出了排除合法的可疑交易、提高非特征型可疑交易报告数据等对策建议。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.