外贸银行市场进入:方式、技术转移和东道国政策

东道国制定外资参股上限对外资银行的市场进入方式和技术转移动机产生影响。本文博弈分析的结论表明:东道国规定外资参股上限降低了外资银行的技术转移动机,但有利于保护国内银行的利益。外资银行对国内银行的参股比例越高,则对其技术转移程度越高, 而对外资新建投资银行的技术转移程度越低。但外资银行对其海外全资分支机构的技术转移程度总是高于参股银行的技术转移程度。若外资银行承诺不另建分支机构,或晚进入,则可以在外资并购谈判中获得更多谈判地位。     

外资银行市场进入:方式、技术转移和东道国政策

东道国制定外资参股上限对外资银行的市场进入方式和技术转移动机产生影响。本文博弈分析的结论表明：东道国规定外资参股上限降低了外资银行的技术转移动机，但有利于保护国内银行的利益。外资银行对国内银行的参股比例越高，则对其技术转移程度越高，而对外资新建投资银行的技术转移程度越低。但外资银行对其海外全资分支机构的技术转移程度总是高于参股银行的技术转移程度。若外资银行承诺不另建分支机构，或晚进入，则可以在外资并购谈判中获得更多谈判地位。     

外资参股中资银行行为分析

外资参股国内商业银行的特点分析我国加入世贸组织一年多以来,外资参股中资银行的步伐骤然加快。2001年12月,汇丰银行、香港上海商业银行分别参股上海银行8%和3%;2002年9月,加拿大丰业银行参股西安商业银行12.4%;10月,美资基金新桥资本集团入股深发展,并可能取得第一大股东地位。随着外资参股中资银行数量的增多,其特点也日益明朗。而中国加入世贸组织以来,外资参与方战略参股的目的明显增强,外资参股主体的实力也明显提高。如花旗银行是全球最大的商业银行;汇丰银行的母公司汇丰控股是全球第五大和英国最大银行,其自身也为香港最大银行;加…     

外资参股中资银行定价模型研究

本文讨论了外资参股中资银行的主要定价模型，分析比较了适合外资参股的市盈率(P／E)、市净率(P／B)和现金流折现(DCF)等模型及其扩展。研究外资参股中资银行的定价问题对进一步深化我国商业银行引进国际战略投资者，加快我国银行业对外开放具有积极借鉴意义。     

基于DEA法的外资参股对我国商业银行效率影响的实证分析

近年来,我国银行业有许多银行都纷纷引入外资参股,外资并购的交易额不断扩大,并购速度呈加速发展状态。本文运用现在主流的效率分析方法——DEA方法,通过分析2000年到2007年我国9家不同性质的引入外资参股银行的实际数据,计算技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,探析引入外资参股对我国银行效率的影响。     

外资大量参股国内银行对我国金融稳定的影响及对策

伴随中国金融改革的深入进行，外国资本大量参股国内银行，引发了社会各界对金融安全的忧虑。本文就外资大量参股国内银行对我国金融稳定的影响渠道展开分析，并就如何趋利避害，用好外资以促进我国金融稳定提出对策建议。     

外资参股和高管、机构持股对企业社会责任的影响——基于中国A股上市公司的实证研究

作为公司治理中的一个重要层面,股权结构对于企业社会责任具有一定程度的影响。本文以2010-2012年中国A股上市公司作为样本,研究了上市公司股权结构中外资参股、高管持股、机构持股对于企业社会责任的影响。通过实证检验得出以下结论,外资参股和机构持股对于企业承担企业社会责任有显著的正向影响,高管持股对于企业承担企业社会责任具有显著的负向影响。     

外资参股与上市公司行为规范相关性研究

本文运用非参数检验方法研究了不同的外资参股形式与上市公司违规之间的关系,发现有外资参股的上市公司比没有外资参股的上市公司违规情况要少,且上市公司在这两种不同的外资股份参与形式下的行为规范有着显著的差异.并且发现外资法人股与外资流通股在抑制违规方面的作用有着明显的区别,金融危机前差异显著,危机后差异不明显.因此,本文建议我国上市公司在保证中资控股的前提下,适当的引入外资法人股与外资流通股的同时也应加强对于外资流通股的监管力度,尽快完善相关法律、法规政策.     

论国有上市银行独立董事制度的完善

在银行业逐步开放的背景下,国家开放外资参股国有商业银行的主要目的是通过战略投资者的参股改善国有银行的治理水平。本文通过考察外资参股国有商业银行推行独立董事制度的部分实践并结合国内外关于独立董事制度的相关经验,提出独立董事在国有商业银行中的主要功能定位应不同于一般的上市公司,应主要发挥保护存款人利益,关注银行风险的作用。文章还对商业银行独立董事制度的建构以及如何协调独立董事与现有银行的外部监事制度的关系提出建议。     

外资入股中资商业银行:银行治理与国家金融安全

本文从国家金融安全的现实定义出发,论证当前外资参股中资商业银行对银行治理的现实和潜在影响,并由此分析我国国家金融安全在今后一段时间面临的主要发展态势。文章的主要结论是:第一,外资参股的直接制度效应是商业银行治理结构的本质改善;第二,反垄断将是外资参股后银行业整体治理所面临的根本问题;第三,国家金融安全随着外资参股而呈现新变化,体制性风险的对外转移和传染性风险流入是需要关注的根本问题;第四,出于盈利性和安全性的考虑,外资引进有可能造成地区间、产业间金融资源配置失衡,因此,至少在短期,必须保留某种形式的国有独资银行,以平衡金融资源配置,并平准货币、信贷和外汇市场。     

Shareholding structure and corporate performance of partially privatized firms: Evidence from listed Chinese companies

Equity ownership in a listed Chinese firm can have as many as five different classes: state-owned shares, legal-person (LP) shares, tradable A-shares, employee shares, and shares only available to foreign investors, a phenomenon that is unique to the Chinese equity market. In this paper, we investigate whether and how the corporate performance of listed Chinese firms is affected by their shareholding structure. The sample consists of all firms listed in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE) from 1991 to 1996. It is found that firm performance is positively related to the proportion of LP shares but negatively related to the proportion of shares owned by the state. Additional analyses indicate that firm performance increases with the degree of relative dominance of LP shares over state shares. Moreover, for the subsample of firms that do not have both state and LP shares, the return on equity (ROE) of firms with LP shares but no state shares is higher than that of firms with state shares but no LP shares by 3.84%, and this difference is statistically significant. On the other hand, there is little evidence in support of a positive correlation between corporate performance and the proportion of tradable shares owned by either domestic or foreign investors. These findings suggest that the ownership structure composition and relative dominance by various classes of shareholders can affect the performance of state-owned enterprise (SOE)-transformed and listed firms.     

Determinants and consequences of voluntary disclosure in an emerging market: Evidence from China

In this paper we examine empirically the determinants of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of Chinese listed firms that issue both domestic and foreign shares and determine if the cost of debt capital is related to the extent of voluntary disclosure. We find the level of voluntary disclosure is positively related to the proportion of state ownership, foreign ownership, firm performance measured by return on equity, and reputation of the engaged auditor. There is no evidence, however, that companies benefit from extensive voluntary disclosure by having a lower cost of debt capital.     

Stock Returns and Volatility under Market Segmentation: The Case of Chinese A and B Shares

In most countries where firms list separate shares for trading by foreign and domestic investors, the prices of the foreign shares tend to be higher. In China, the reverse tends to be true. In this paper, we would like to focus on the information content in lagged premiums of Chinese A over B traded shares. The lagged premiums are found to have certain predictive power over the future returns and volatility of both A and B shares, with some interesting patterns. Specifically, an increase in the premium ratio of A shares will be followed by a rise in the return of A shares and a fall in the return of B shares. It is found that both of the investors in Chinese A- and B-share markets reveal positive feedback trading behavior. Moreover, the liquidity and information availability will affect the magnitude of such behavior especially in B-share markets. By using multivariate GARCH model, it is also demonstrated that the unexpected changes in the premium ratio of A-share price over B-share price contribute to the return volatility of both A shares and B shares. These patterns may provide foundations for the development of pricing models for equity shares under market segmentation.     

外资入股中资商业银行的法律监管

目前,我国对外资银行的市场准入监管,以新设投资监管为主,而外资参股方式的准入监管却相当薄弱。本文从外资入股中资商业银行的动因分析入手,指出现阶段对外资入股中资银行进行法律监管的必要性。然后,对外资参股的立法现状及其问题进行了深入探讨,主要围绕银监会颁布的《境外金融机构投资入股中资金融机构管理办法》展开评析,重点剖析了外资入股比例、股权转让价格、对被参股银行的监管以及机构混业监管方面所存在问题和隐患,并在此基础上提出了完善相应法律监管的若干建议和措施,即严格限定外资入股比例,进一步细化外资入股的程序规则;合理确定入股价格,健全信息披露制度。     

Impact of macroeconomic policy uncertainty on opportunistic insider trading

The macroeconomic policy environment affects the internal governance of microenterprises, which may provide opportunities for management to benefit from stock sales while decreasing its motivation to manipulate stock transactions. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2018, we study the impact of macroeconomic policy uncertainty on opportunistic insider trading. The results show that macroeconomic policy uncertainty helps restrain the opportunistic trading of shares held by management. When macroeconomic policies are uncertain, enterprises improve their internal governance. Furthermore, strengthening equity governance helps reduce management’s opportunistic use of the uncertainty of the policy environment, highlighting the advantageous effect of macroeconomic policy uncertainty and helping regulators standardize managerial behavior and promote the governance effect of macroeconomic policy.     

中国上市公司融资选择的市场时机效应——基于股票换手率和股票收益的实证检验

自从市场时机资本结构理论提出以来，国内外学者从理论的解释能力和实用性等方面对这一新兴融资决策理论进行了大量研究，并得出许多有意义的结论。然而目前的实证检验主要基于市值账面比（M／B）指标作为市场时机代理变量，这一指标引起学者们很大争议，研究结论缺乏可靠性。本文根据我国资本市场实际特征选择股票换手率作为市场时机代理变量，实证检验了市场时机与外部融资方式选择的关系，同时引入股票收益变量检验市场时机对资本结构动态变动的综合影响。研究结论显示，换手率在企业权益融资中具有重要作用，换手率较高时企业选择发行更多的股权融资，股票换手率和股票收益均对资本结构变动具有显著的负向影响。这表明我国上市公司确实存在着融资选择的市场时机效应。     

上市公司会计舞弊:国外相关研究综述与启示

国外关于上市公司会计舞弊的研究已积累了丰富的研究成果,其研究内容涉及会计舞弊的动因、识别、防范与治理等多方面,这些研究成果无疑为我国研究上市公司会计舞弊问题提供了一定的理论基础和研究方法。然而,由于中外国情和体制不同,国外研究成果对解决我国上市公司会计舞弊问题仍有一定的局限性。本文对国外关于上市公司会计舞弊的研究成果进行了回顾与评述,并提出了许多我国未来上市公司会计舞弊研究应当关注的问题。     

Social trust and foreign ownership: Evidence from qualified foreign institutional investors in China

We investigate the effects of social trust on foreign institutional investors’ equity holdings in listed Chinese firms from 2005 to 2011. We find that social trust embedded in the regional environment is an important factor for the investment decisions of foreign institutional investors. We also find that the proportion and likelihood of foreign ownership increases with the level of social trust. The results support the notion that social trust and trust-related information help mitigate informational barriers in international equity investments. Our results are robust to alternative measures of social trust and a range of model specifications, including instrumental variable estimation. We document that the effects of social trust on foreign ownership diminishes in the presence of organizational learning, better formal institutional development, conservative financial reporting, and asset transparency. We also show that foreign institutional investors from countries with a common law origin are more likely to incorporate trust-related information in their investment decisions.     

上市公司限售股转让税收政策研究

自2010年1月1日实施对个人转让限售股征收20％的个人所得税以来，通过法人转股给自然人进行避税的方式不再有效，但是各种新的避税方式仍层出不穷。对当前限售股转让的避税方式及其制度根源进行深入探讨，可以进一步完善当前税收政策的对策，使其充分发挥税收调节收入分配的职能。     

Split Share Structure Reform,corporate governance,and the foreign share discount puzzle in China

We examine the impact of the Split Share Structure Reform on the well-known foreign share discount puzzle in China. Existing literature confirms that foreign investors are more concerned about insider expropriation because of their information disadvantage relative to domestic investors. The split share structure of the ownership of Chinese listed firms created a conflict of interests between state and private shareholders. Since, before the reform, state shareholders held restricted shares that denied them any wealth effect from share price movements, they had a limited incentive to work with private shareholders to ensure that managers maximized the stock market value of the firm. By abolishing the trading restrictions for state shareholders, this reform has increased the incentive alignment between state and private shareholders, encouraging them to monitor managers. If foreign investors’ concerns over the corporate governance implications of the split share structure at least partly contributed to their discounting of Chinese listed firms, then this discount should be reduced following the reform. Indeed, our evidence confirms this prediction, especially among Chinese listed firms with more state ownership or restricted shares. Our findings imply that this significant institutional reform of the Chinese stock market has benefitted minority investors.