利益相关者会计信息需求的比较与分析

会计是资本市场信息提供的主体,会计信息是社会经济信息的重要组成部分。会计或财务报告的目标一般被界定为"向利益相关者提供决策有用的信息",然而,随着社会经济和利益相关者理论的不断发展,利益相关者的分类和范畴发生了变化,不同的利益相关者对于会计信息的需求不完全相同。本文在对利益相关者分类的基础上,比较和分析了各利益相关者的会计信息需求。     

浅谈中小企业利益相关者的治理

中小企业时利益相关者的重视成都还存在一定的偏差,本文基于企业生命周期理论分析中小企业在发展过程中如何应对利益相关者的诉求,从而保证中小企业既可以借助利益相关者的力量把企业做好,又可以保证利益相关者的利益得到保证,实现双赢,从而促进中小企业持续发展.     

浅谈中小企业利益相关者的治理

中小企业对利益相关者的重视成都还存在一定的偏差，本文基于企业生命周期理论分析中小企业在发展过程中如何应对利益相关者的诉求，从而保证中小企业既可以借助利益相关者的力量把企业做好．又可以保证利益相关者的利益得到保证，实现双赢，从而促进中小企业持续发展。     

我国商业银行利益相关者治理

次贷危机的爆发让人们对商业银行股东至上的治理理念提出了质疑,商业银行经营的负外部性和危机的传染性要求其更加关注利益相关者的利益。本文在对商业银行利益相关者相关文献进行回顾的基础上,提出了界定利益相关者的三大属性,并采用问卷调查获取数据,利用SPSS统计软件,借鉴米切尔评分法,对我国商业银行利益相关者进行了界定和三维分类。在此基础上,将可进一步研究商业银行利益相关者参与公司治理的制度安排。     

企业利益相关者界定与分类研究综述

文章通过对企业利益相关者文献的梳理,从企业利益相关者研究内容及过程中就企业利益相关者的界定与分类进行综述,为企业利益相关者理论研究与管理实践提供一定的支持。     

基于社会责任的利益相关者贡献表编制研究

从社会责任角度出发,研究企业对股东、政府、员工等利益相关者的贡献的大小和比重来衡量企业对各个利益相关者的贡献以及承担由于社会责任是国内外近几年的研究热点。本文试图通过建立利益相关者贡献表进行研究,希望通过该表清晰地展示企业对利益相关者的贡献。     

中国会计准则制定:利益相关者的态度

本文以上市公司、上市公司的控股股东、债权人、中小投资者、注册会计师、政府会计管理 (监管 )部门等六类会计准则的利益相关者为调查对象 ,以这些利益相关者的“代言人”所填答的 15 8份有效问卷为基础 ,对我国会计准则利益相关者对会计准则制定的关注程度、对现行会计准则制定机构和制定程序的认同程度 ,以及他们所期望的状态进行了总体分析和分类对比性研究 ,提出了完善我国会计准则制定机构和程序的政策建议     

我国上市公司治理问题研究：金融契约视角

构建有效的公司治理制度安排是完善资本市场建设的微观基础。本文以利益相关者理论为基础,深入分析了我国上市公司在公司治理方面存在的问题并探讨了产生这些问题的原因。认为我国上市公司存在的公司治理问题源自共同利益基础的缺失,对引入主导利益相关者、构建具有共同利益基础的公司治理制度安排进行了分析,提出了主导利益相关者支配下的金融契约安排的政策建议。     

利益相关者治理评价和治理指数——基于中国最具价值上市公司评价

本文对中国最具价值上市公司利益相关者治理机制所做的评价显示：（1）上市公司利益相关者治理指数较低，在不同上市公司之间的分布不均衡，利益相关者治理机制较为薄弱。上市公司利益相关者参与程度的表现不如利益相关者和谐程度。中小股东参与和权益保护程度亟待提高。（2）2003、2004年中国最具价值上市公司利益相关者治理机制相对样本总体较好。2004年中国最具价值上市公司利益相关者参与程度显著高于样本中的其他上市公司，同时2004年中国最具价值上市公司利益相关者参与程度高于2003年中国最具价值上市公司，但是利益相关者和谐程度则不然。     

浅析利益相关者合作模式下财务管理目标

在激烈的市场竞争条件下,企业管理当局应把其理财目标指向顾客、供应商、政府和社会等利益相关者,充分考虑他们的利益要求,企业才能在市场中立于不败之地,且得到持续发展.本文分析我国企业以利益者相关者最大化为财务目标的重要性,构建利益相关者合作模式下企业的财务管理目标,从外部利益相关者合作模式和内部利益相关者合作模式两个方面进行构建,采取有利于满足内外部利益相关者需求的行动,制定和选取合理恰当、积极有效的财务管理目标,从而有助于实现企业战略的成功.     

企业财权与企业财务几个基本问题的研究

企业是利益相关者之间相互缔约形成的利益共同体。企业利益相关者因为对企业契约结构的不同理解和缔约要求所形成的利益冲突,要求对企业财权进行合理安排。通过企业核心利益相关者即企业财权主体之间财权契约的动态运行与优化,将剩余财务控制权和与之对应的剩余索取权在各主体之间进行分散对称安排,将可能达到各主体之间的利益动态均衡状态并提高企业效率。本文在企业财权概念研究的基础上对企业财务的几个基本理论问题作了进一步的探讨,以期能够有助于企业财务理论从技术性向制度性的转化。     

银行公司治理中各行为主体间的正和博弈分析——以招商银行发行100亿元可转债引发的冲突及解决方案为例

在银行公司治理中,各利益相关者作为独立的行为主体都是理性的“经济人”,其行为是追求自身利益最大化。银行公司治理得以运行和完善,正是缘于各行为主体为寻求自利而进行的博弈。这种博弈的结果是正和博弈,即一荣俱荣。随着中国金融业改革的深入,银行的经营将更多地受到相关利益主体的约束,其经营行为必须走向市场化。从这个意义上看,完善银行公司治理的过程,就是包括管理层、董事会、股东及其他利益相关者权利义务得以逐步明确的过程,也是各行为主体间利益相互博弈的过程。银行公司治理既为利益相关者参与银行管理提供了渠道,也推进了银行公司治理结构本身的不断完善。     

Contract costs,stakeholder capitalism,and ESG

Observed contract structures are competitive solutions to the problem of maximizing stakeholder welfare when contracting is costly. Winning contract structures typically set fixed payoffs for most stakeholders, with residual risk borne by shareholders, who then get most of the decision rights. With rising interest in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, there is sentiment for replacing the max shareholder wealth decision rule with max shareholder welfare. This view does not recognize that investors view max welfare in terms of their overall consumption-investment portfolios. Since firms are not privy to the total ESG exposures of shareholders, max shareholder wealth is the appropriate decision rule.     

财务治理效率论纲

效率是经济学和管理学研究的核心与主线。在将公司本质界定为利益相关者产权契约联结体的基础上,推演出财务治理效率论说,其核心思想包括:公司产权契约的核心是公司财权契约;财权契约不完备与代理问题的存在导致财务治理问题的产生;财务治理的本质是剩余财权配置,根本目标是实现财务治理效率最大化;财务治理效率最大化的核心是剩余财务索取权与剩余财务控制权对应,基本衡量标准是财务治理收益与财务治理成本对比。     

公司治理结构中会计目标的法律经济学解释——兼论我国会计法律制度的完善

公司治理涉及各种利益相关者责权利的划分和制衡。会计是连接权利和利益的纽带,会计信息质量在公司治理结构中扮演着重要的角色。公司治理中对各种利益相关者的约束与制衡机制需要以会计信息作保障。会计目标与公司治理目标具有内在的关联性,在我国公司目前所处的经济环境下,公司目标是影响公司治理结构的重要因素.会计法律制度的完善对我国公司治理具有重要的意义。     

The paradox of greater NGO accountability: A case study of Amnesty Ireland

Despite mounting public, governmental and corporate interest in issues of non-governmental organisation (NGO) accountability, there are few academic studies investigating the emergence of accountability mechanisms in specific advocacy NGO settings. Drawing on the theoretical constructs of hierarchical and holistic accountability, this paper addresses this research gap by investigating recent developments in accountability practices at the Irish section of the human rights advocacy NGO Amnesty International. Through analysis of a series of in-depth interviews with managers in Amnesty Ireland, supported by extensive documentary scrutiny, this study examines reasons why Amnesty’s historical reliance on internal forms of accountability has been augmented with a range of ad hoc external accountability mechanisms. The study reveals that while managers favoured the development of holistic accountability mechanisms exhibiting accountability to a wide range of stakeholders, a hierarchical conception of accountability privileging a narrow range of (potentially) powerful stakeholders, has begun to dominate external accountability discourse and practice. It was widely perceived that this trend could, somewhat paradoxically, prove counterproductive to the achievement of Amnesty’s mission. Resolving this paradox will, at a minimum, involve Amnesty Ireland’s leadership becoming more open to and more knowledgeable about a broader, more holistic accountability conception. The paper considers the possible implications of these findings for the development of NGO holistic accountability practice more generally.     

The value of relationship banking: International evidence

This paper analyses whether repeated borrowing from the same bank affects loan contract terms. We find that relationship loans pay less spread and require less collateral compared to non-relationship loans. These effects for relationship loans are not derived from differences between relationship and nonrelationship loans. The reduction of interest rate spread for relationship loans disappeared during the financial crisis. The results also reveal that borrowers paid higher interest rate spreads, had to post more collateral and the maturity was shortened during the crisis period. The reduction in interest rate spread and collateral depends on the protection of creditors’ rights. In countries where creditors’ rights are well protected, relationship loans pay less spread and are required to post less collateral than relationship loans in countries with weak protection of creditors’ rights.     

Impact of multiple curve dynamics in credit valuation adjustments under collateralization

We present a detailed analysis of interest rate derivatives valuation under credit risk and collateral modeling. We show how the credit and collateral extended valuation framework presented in Pallavicini et al. [Funding valuation adjustment: FVA consistent with CVA, DVA, WWR, collateral, netting and re-hyphotecation, 2011], and the related collateralized valuation measure, can be helpful in defining the key market rates underlying the multiple interest rate curves that characterize current interest rate markets. A key point is that spot Libor rates are to be treated as market primitives rather than being defined by no-arbitrage relationships. We formulate a consistent realistic dynamics for the different rates emerging from our analysis and compare the resulting model performances to simpler models used in the industry. We include the often neglected margin period of risk, showing how this feature may increase the impact of different rates dynamics on valuation. We point out limitations of multiple curve models with deterministic basis considering valuation of particularly sensitive products such as basis swaps. We stress that a proper wrong way risk analysis for such products requires a model with a stochastic basis and we show numerical results confirming this fact.     

Interest Rate Skewness and Biased Beliefs

Conditional skewness of Treasury yields is an important indicator of the risks to the macroeconomic outlook. Positive skewness signals upside risk to interest rates during periods of accommodative monetary policy and an upward-sloping yield curve, and vice versa. Skewness has substantial predictive power for future bond excess returns, high-frequency interest rate changes around Federal Open Market Committee announcements, and survey forecast errors for interest rates. The estimated expectational errors, or biases in beliefs, are quantitatively important for statistical bond risk premia. These findings are consistent with a heterogeneous-beliefs model in which one of the agents is wrong about consumption growth.     

Family firms and crash risk: Alignment and entrenchment effects

Stock price crash risk could be lower in family firms because the controlling family investors have a longer-term interest, hold greater decision rights and are better informed than investors in diffusely owned firms (alignment effect). However, the agency costs between family and nonfamily investors (entrenchment effect) could affect crash risk in two opposing ways. Non-controlling investor skepticism about insider entrenchment limits overvaluation and reduces the crash risk. In contrast, entrenched insiders could hide bad news to exploit private benefits, which could increase the crash risk. We show that family firms exhibit a lower crash risk than similar nonfamily firms after controlling for lower overvaluation, which is consistent with the better alignment effect. Moreover, we show that better governance further reduces the crash risk, which indicates that the substitutive relationship between strong governance and family ownership shown in countries with low investor protection rights does not carry over to the U.S. where investor protection rights are strong.