Insurance Market Dynamics: Between Global Developments and Local Contingencies

Insurance markets have changed radically and deeply in the past twenty years. Deregulation, globalization of insurance institutions, intensified competition, electronic commerce, bancassurance, and the emergence of new risks are among the challenges faced by insurance markets. Although important global trends are reshaping insurance markets, the emphasis on globalization overlooks the local diversity of insurance markets worldwide. This article reviews the global developments and local factors affecting insurance markets and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Among the important global trends are the increasing sophistication of insurance products, the globalization of risk diversification through reinsurance, the emergence of mega-financial intermediaries, and the growing importance of supranational agencies such as the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. On the other hand, there remains significant heterogeneity among countries and regions that has a profound impact on insurance markets. Among the important local differences are political, legal, and cultural components as well as differences in financial markets, taxation, regulatory systems, insurer investment strategies, and insurance distribution systems.     

Implications of IFRS for the European Insurance Industry—Insights From Capital Market Theory

The European insurance industry is currently undergoing a substantial change in financial reporting requirements. Beginning in 2005, compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has been required in the European Union. Substantial sections of the IFRS—leading to a market-oriented valuation of insurance contracts—are still under construction and will be introduced in the next few years. To date, assessment of the potential impact of the new IFRS accounting and reporting system is largely found in trade literature, and in insurance industry business leader and expert commentator statements. The tenor of opinion is that the IFRS will create a serious challenge for the European insurance industry. To evaluate the impact of IFRS more scientifically, this article applies—where indicated—capital market theory and the concept of information efficiency. The article suggests that concerns about the effects of IFRS are exaggerated, and reveals that the main area of IFRS impact on the European insurance industry is likely to be on insurance product design.     

Examining the Effect of Globalization on Insurance Activities in Large Emerging Market Economies

This study applies the cross-sectionally augmented distributed lag long-run estimation technique alongside bootstrap panel Granger causality testing to examine the impact of globalization on insurance market activities in large emerging market economies. Economic, social and political globalization indices are considered separately. Two alternative measures of globalization (de facto and de jure) are also used in each case for our estimations. The empirical results confirm the following; first, empirical outcomes are slightly sensitive to the choice of globalization measure used. Second, cross-sectional dependence and cross-country heterogeneity exist among large emerging market economies. Third, causality varies across large emerging economies with different conditions. We make a case for de facto measures as the most appropriate since they reflect actual practices rather than policy claims. We thus reach the conclusion that all dimensions of globalization positively impact life and non-life insurance density.     

发挥保险行业价值积极承担社会责任服务经济社会建设

近年来保险业积极承担社会责任取得良好成效,成为国家灾害救助体系和社会管理机制的重要组成部分,成为社会保障体系的重要组成部分,成为金融资源配置与稳定机制的重要组成部分,成为国家宏观调控机制的重要组成部分,成为国家创新机制的重要组成部分,成为国家对外经济金融合作对话机制的重要组成部分.在国家加快转变发展方式,政府创新社会管...     

Solvency II: state of play and perspectives

Solvency II is a complex project which will be introduced in different stages for entry into force on 1 January 2013. The economic risk based approach followed in Solvency II will provide the insurance industry with a modern solvency regime that corresponds more closely with the way the industry manages its business. The implementing measures which are to be adopted in the course of 2011 will take account of the results of QIS 5, the last major quantitative impact study. They will be incorporated into a Commission regulation that will be adopted following the new procedure introduced by the Lisbon Treaty. The adoption in 2010 of the new EU supervisory architecture will reinforce the objective of a single EU rulebook for insurance supervision with the creation of EIOPA, a new authority that replaces CEIOPS and that will have important powers, thereby reinforcing the EU component in insurance supervision. Solvency II will have a major impact on insurance products and markets. It is therefore important that insurance and reinsurance undertakings start their preparations now.     

保险会计新准则对非寿险业的影响

保险会计新准则的变化主要体现在保费收入确认和准备金计量两个方面。由于绝大多数非寿险产品都能通过重大保险风险测试,保费收入几乎没有变化,因此新准则对非寿险业的影响主要体现在准备金计量上。新准则要求非寿险公司运用"三要素法"计量准备金,这将使得非寿险公司的准备金计量方式、财务管理模式和利润情况发生重大变化,对非寿险公司产生近期与远期的深远影响。     

Produktinnovationen und Produktmodifikationen in der Versicherungswirtschaft: Rolle und Bedeutung nach der Deregulierung

One consequence of the deregulation of the insurance industry in 1994 is a considerably improved scope for insurance companies to design products. Therefore, the question should be raised if there is an observable effect on the insurer’s behaviour with regard to the development of new products. This paper embodies results of an empirical study that collected data of 650 products that were launched in the German insurance industry between 1996 and 2005 and that could be categorised as product innovations or as product modifications. On the basis of the study, it was possible for the first time to provide quantitative evidence that in the whole industry the amount of product innovations (in average 2,4 per year) as well as of product modifications (in average 63 per year) stayed on a modest level after the deregulation and that the evaluated impact of the deregulation on the development of new products is relatively small. This is also demonstrated by the fact that 27% of all German insurers developed only one new product in ten years. In addition, it became evident that there is no significant change in the extent of the (small) impact in the last ten years. Thus, the deregulation itself only sent limited impulses for renewing products in the German insurance industry. Apparently, the theoretical considerations are supported that while considering a high entrepreneurial risk and the absence of a monopoly rent at the same time the Value Based Management imposes a high hurdle for the insurance industry to develop new products. The role of renewing products is therefore determined by their value contribution to companies and customers, whereas the deregulation itself marginally changed this role.     

On the Implications of the Internet for Insurance Markets and Institutions

By most accounts, the Internet and related advances in information technology significantly affect financial services in general and insurance markets and institutions in particular. Coupled with other important trends such as globalization and regulatory reform, these changes are forcing far‐reaching changes upon the insurance industry and making it more competitive. This article focuses specifically on the implications of the Internet for insurance markets and institutions. The conventional wisdom that the Internet constitutes a sufficient condition for the disintermediation of traditional insurance distribution networks is called into question. To the extent that the Internet reduces transaction costs, it will create opportunities for new intermediaries as well as for existing ones. It will also influence product design, in some cases making it economically attractive to unbundle and repackage various forms of coverage. By removing entry barriers and reducing insurance costs, the Internet will also provide a private market solution to a major insurance regulatory concern—enhancing insurance affordability and availability.     

新冠肺炎疫情对中国保险业的影响研究——基于非典的复盘与长短期影响分析

本文基于张响贤等(2003)的非典分析框架,复盘2020年新冠肺炎疫情对中国保险业的影响,并且基于长短期的视角,从收入端、赔付端和投资端三个维度关注短期内疫情对保险业的影响,从商业逻辑、发展模式、产品创新和保险科技的四个角度关注长期影响。研究发现,新冠肺炎与非典疫情均给保险业带来正负面影响,但非典时间的负面影响在新冠肺炎时期被部分正面影响所中和;疫情短期内对保险业造成部分负面的冲击,但是整体冲击有限;新冠肺炎疫情将给保险业带来深远的影响,助推保险转型、信息化运用和"大国家大保险"等发展模式。     

中国保险业SBM效率实证分析——基于修正的三阶段DEA模型

利用修正的三阶段DEA法,实证评估2005～2007年中国保险业的SBM效率。研究表明：若忽略松弛量的影响,对外生环境变量和随机误差因素不作控制,不仅会低估保险公司的经营效率,而且还会使估计出的不同保险公司的效率相对值发生偏误;在对环境因素和随机误差进行调整后,2005～2007年保险业整体的平均SBM效率值达到0.76,比调整前上升25%;市场份额、规模、成立年数、资本结构都是对中国保险业SBM效率产生显著影响的主要环境因素。     

迎接WTO加快中国保险业的发展

保险的存在对社会经济的增长和发展具有重要意义。保险随着经济的发展而不断演进，保险的创新是保险企业的生命之源。我国保险业应当遵循WTO的宗旨精神，进一步转变观念，解放思想，确立民族保险业的比较优势。逐步由传统的保险经营模式向保险金融化方向推进，实现中国保险业的腾飞。     

The future of mobility and its impact on the automobile insurance industry

Among the trends impacting most industries are new mobility concepts, digitalization, urbanization, rising environmental awareness, and demographic change. The automobile insurance industry, in particular, is strongly affected by new mobility concepts, including autonomous, shared, and electric vehicles, which are expected to increasingly impact the risk exposure and insurance demand in the future. Identifying and assessing the resulting risk and opportunity landscape from these trends thus becomes a major strategic challenge for insurers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the trends that impact the field of mobility and thus automobile insurers. Based on this, we derive a set of strategic response measures for insurers to enable them to be prepared for the future of mobility.     

Time-varying Integration and International diversification strategies

This paper investigates the impact of globalization and integration on the relative benefits of country and industry diversification. Unlike previous models, our factor model allows asset exposures and volatilities to vary with both structural changes and temporary fluctuations in the economic and financial environment. First, we find that globalization and integration have lead to a gradual convergence of country to industry betas, especially in Europe. Second, the structurally-driven increase in market betas is accompanied by a gradual decrease in country-specific risk. Third, even though the edge has structurally decreased, geographical diversification continues being superior to industry diversification.     

非寿险业实施《企业会计准则解释第2号》的预期经济后果分析

保险业全面实施<企业会计准则解释第2号>,是中国保险业和保险会计准则发展史上新的里程碑,它的实施必然会产生一定的经济后果.人们在对经济后果思考的同时,也对新准则的执行效力和是否能推动中国保险业持续与稳定发展表示担忧.本文首先归纳和总结非寿险业实施保险新会计准则的预期正面经济后果,其次探讨其实施新准则的预期负面经济后果,...     

农业保险可以减轻自然灾害对农业经济的负面影响吗?

建立融合自然灾害、农业保险以及道德风险的动态模型.模型显示:自然灾害会降低农业产出,而农业保险可以降低自然灾害对农业生产的负面影响,但前提是道德风险的影响较小.实证表明,每增加1元农业保险保费对应的保障水平,可以降低由自然灾害导致的第一产业产出约8.19元的损失.同时,未发现农业保险市场在省级加总层面存在显著的道德风险.     

农民工工伤保险参保行为与城市融合——基于武汉市的调查

文章基于2012年武汉市调研数据,对样本地区农民工参加工伤保险对其城市融合的作用进行了研究,结果表明,工伤保险对城市融合的作用根据个人的经历而变化,实际上只有那些遭遇过工伤事故的农民工,工伤保险对城市融合的正向影响才显著。另外本文进一步研究了影响农民工参加工伤保险的因素,结果发现,随着受教育程度的提高,农民工参加工伤保险的概率变大;相对于制造业和零售、住宿餐饮业而言,建筑行业的农民工参加工伤保险的概率更低;在个体私营企业从业的农民工和没有签订劳动合同的农民工参加工伤保险的概率更低。最后,基于分析结果,文章对扩大农民工工伤保险的覆盖率,从而加强其城市融合给出了具体的政策建议。     

数字化转型背景下保险科技对财险公司经营效率的影响研究——基于DEA-Tobit面板模型

本文利用2011—2017年58家财险公司的面板数据和中国数字金融发展指数,构建DEA-Tobit面板模型,探究保险科技对财险公司经营效率的影响。研究结论表明:(1)保险科技与财险公司经营效率之间呈U形关系,即在互联网保险阶段,受资源投入不充分、新技术产出滞后性等因素影响,保险科技对财险公司经营效率产生消极影响,而在新技术赋能的保险科技阶段,科技的沉淀开始逐步释放效益,助推了财险公司经营效率的提升;(2)保险科技对中外资财险公司经营效率的影响具有差异性;(3)保险科技发展在长期可通过降低经营成本、增加营销收入和资金运用收益来提高财险公司经营效率。     

基于非寿险分析的营业税改增值税对保险业的影响研究

保险业并未纳入2012年“营改增”范围,但是我国现行保险业营业税制度滞后于我国保险业的发展,因此随着“营改增”试点的进展,保险业进行增值税改革将是大势所趋.本文拟通过借鉴新西兰的反计还原法,设置我国非寿险业增值税制度,运用数据模拟分析“营改增”对非寿险业的影响.     

中国财险业台风灾害偿付能力评估——基于Cummins模型的研究

发生频率高、致灾影响大的台风灾害已成为制约沿海地区生产生活正常运行的重要因素,而现行以政府为主导的单一救灾方式易造成巨大的财政负担.商业保险等市场机制的引入,无疑成为海洋灾害风险分散的有益尝试.对此,基于Cummins偿付反应函数模型,以台风频发、灾情较重的浙江、福建、广东、海南四省为研究对象,计算中国财险业对台风灾害损失的偿付能力.结果显示,中国财险业对台风灾害损失的实际赔付率仅为理论值的16％,保险市场对台风灾害损失有较充裕的偿付空间.     

“保交链”赋能保险行业高质量发展

保险的“大数法则”与区块链的集体66共识具有“基因相似性”,保险“一人为众、众人为一”的风险分担机制就是共识机制,因此保险业极有可能成为区块链率先规模化应用的行业之一。上海保险交易所(以下简称保交所)作为国家级金融基础设施,通过研发具有自主知识产权的行业级底层技术平台、打造具有广泛场景的跨界区块链应用平台。