移动支付促进家庭医疗健康消费支出了吗?

本文基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,分析了移动支付的使用对家庭医疗健康消费支出的影响。研究结果表明,移动支付的使用显著提升了家庭在医疗健康方面的投资,考虑内生性结果依然稳健。进一步分析发现社会资本和信息成本是移动支付影响家庭医疗健康消费支出的重要机制,移动支付用户可能通过社会资本效应增加医疗健康消费支出,但在面临疾病冲击时可能通过信息效应降低家庭的医疗保健成本。异质性分析发现,移动支付的使用对城市家庭的影响大于农村家庭,对东部地区的影响显著高于中西部地区,而且在多儿童家庭中的影响更为显著。     

子女外出务工对农村中老年人健康的影响 ——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据的实证分析

本文基于2011年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,研究子女外出务工对农村中老年人健康的影响。使用自评健康状况测量生理健康,使用抑郁指数测量心理健康,Probit估计结果显示,子女外出务工促进了农村中老年人生理健康和心理健康水平。此外,选取“村庄外出务工人口比例”和“家庭子女中男性比例”作为子女外出务工的工具变量,采用两阶段最小二乘法进行了内生性检验,结果显示,子女外出务工对农村中老年人的生理健康和心理健康仍呈显著的正向影响。通过采用替换子女外出务工和健康测量指标的方式,本文进一步验证了上述结果的稳健性。在全面实施“健康中国”和“乡村振兴”国家战略背景下,一方面应加大对农村地区基础教育的投入,另一方面应重视职业技能培训,从长期和短期提升农村劳动力的人力资本,使其能够“走出去”且高质量就业,为提高农村中老年人健康水平发挥积极作用。     

商业健康保险与居民健康行为——基于PSM-DID的实证研究

健康保险是改善健康状况的一项必不可少的政策战略，但大多数研究没有充分关注保险对寻求健康行为的影响。本文基于中国健康和营养追踪的面板数据，运用双重差分倾向得分（PSM—DID）方法，利用工具变量解决面板内生性问题，研究商业健康保险对居民寻求健康行为的影响。此外，针对不同年龄段、不同的地区来源（农村、城镇）进行特质性分析。研究表明：居民的健康水平可以通过影响商业健康保险相关政策来进行调节，尤其对55岁以上人群更为显著。最后从完善多层次医疗保障体系、商业健康保险发展方向等方面提出参考建议。     

社会保险与农村老年健康:参保会提升老年人健康水平吗?——基于多元有序Logistic模型的实证研究

基于2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的调研数据,运用有序Logistic回归模型,本文系统探讨了社会保险对农村老年人身心健康的影响机制。研究表明,参加社会保险能够显著提升农村老年人的健康状况,养老保险和医疗保险分别在1%和5%的水平上显著对农村老年人自评健康和生理健康产生积极影响。通过考察异质性,发现社会保险对农村不同性别老年人健康的影响存在较大差异;通过考察社会保险对农村老年人身心健康的调节效应,发现社会保险调节了7.8%的生理健康对心理健康的影响效应,调节了10.7%的心理健康对生理健康的影响效应。基于此,本文建议,应该建立基础养老金与居民消费指数的联动增长机制,加快城乡基本医疗保险制度和医疗救助制度的整合步伐,倡导精准扶贫政策向农村老年群体倾斜,并通过宣传和教育形成关爱农村老年人的社会氛围以提高其幸福感和安全感。     

居民金融消费与健康养老保险配置

本文基于最新公布的七普数据,对我国"十四五"期末的居民部门金融资产进行了示意性测算:预计到2025年,我国居民部门金融资产总规模将达286万亿(人均、户均金融资产总规模将达20.27万元/人、57.91万元/户),保险资产将以46.70万亿的总规模成为第二大居民金融资产,其中人身险资产达到32.99万亿(人均、户均人身保险资产规模为2.34万元/人、6.68万元/户).尽管如此,通过对居民部门人身保险保障(医疗健康+养老)缺口的测算分析显示:"十四五"期末,在已实现配置上述人身险资产前提下,我国居民部门的健康养老保险保障总缺口仍高达74.51万亿元(人均5.28万元/人,户均15.08万元/户),细分来看,医疗健康保障缺口值达72.17万亿元(人均5.11万元/人,户均14.61万元/户);养老保障缺口值约为2.34万亿元(人均0.17万元/人,户均0.47万元/户).研究发现:居民部门除保险外的其他金融资产(总金融资产减去既有的保险资产)的少量配置转移(低于20％),就能较好覆盖当前的健康养老保险保障缺口.为进一步满足我国居民健康保障及养老保障的缺口需求,需在杠杆保障和长期保底收益的基础上,持续提高商业人身保险资产配置的吸引力,大力引导居民金融资产配置向商业人身保险流入,通过商业保险来弥补社会保险的不足.     

中国居民健康多维贫困测度及代际传递效应

借鉴阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力理论和Alkire-Foster模型构建我国居民健康多维贫困指标和多维贫困矩阵,使用2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,选取身体健康、心理健康、道德健康3个贫困维度,研究我国居民的健康多维贫困现状,发现中国居民更多的是出现在身体健康维度的贫困,极少数同时存在两个维度的贫困。同时,对于模型的选择,研究采用的是logit模型,用以对我国居民健康多维贫困的代际传递状况进行实证研究。研究发现,我国居民的健康多维贫困有明显的代际传递性,并且父母均处于健康多维贫困时,子代更难以脱离贫困的恶性循环。     

“新农合”健康绩效及其作用机制研究——基于CLHLS数据

为考察新农合健康绩效及其作用机制,本文将农村65岁及以上老人作为研究对象,利用CLHLS于2005、2008、2011年的追踪调查数据,运用倾向得分匹配法得到匹配样本,建立多阶段倍差模型,对新农合的健康绩效进行动态追踪分析,并进一步分析新农合对健康的影响途径,研究发现:新农合有利于客观健康的发展,但降低主观健康评价;新农合通过提高医疗服务利用率途径改善老人健康,但整体作用逐年下降。     

农村中老年居民的健康风险及其社会决定因素

基于2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,本文对我国农村中老年人健康风险的社会决定因素进行了分析。结果表明我国农村中老年居民面临较高的健康风险;收入对健康风险的影响程度较小;同收入相比较,主观自我评价的生活水平更能够揭示农村居民的健康风险状况;接受过初中以上教育能够显著降低自评健康风险和抑郁风险;有务工经历的农村居民面临较高的身心健康风险;社会医疗保险、子女居住在本社区、子女经济支持以及配偶等正式和非正式社会支持能够在一定程度上能够降低健康风险;社会因素对西部地区居民的健康风险的影响更为显著。对保险公司而言,针对农村市场开发团体小额健康险较为适宜。同时,政府要提高社会医疗保险的报销比例。     

家庭债务与社会资本对居民健康水平影响的实证分析

家庭债务与社会资本对居民健康状况存在重要影响。本文利用中国综合社会调查 （CGSS）数据，实证分析了债务与社会资本对居民健康的影响。研究发现：家庭债务对居民健 康状况具有负面影响，社会资本对居民健康状况具有积极影响，且两者对健康状况的影响存在 城乡异质性与区域异质性。非银行负债对健康的恶化作用要大于银行负债，认知性社会资本对 健康的促进作用要高于结构性社会资本。银行负债对城市居民的健康状况不存在显著影响，而 社会资本对农村居民的健康状况不存在显著影响。负债对健康的负面影响按东、中、西部顺序 逐级增加，而社会资本对健康的正面作用则呈现逐级减少的趋势。     

社会互动、养老观念与居民商业养老保险参与

本文利用2015年和2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的混合截面数据,从内生互动和情景互动两个维度考察了社会互动对居民商业养老保险参与的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,社会互动对居民商业养老保险参与具有显著正向影响,这种促进作用主要通过情景互动产生。内生互动对城镇居民、从事金融投资群体及党员具有显著正向影响,对其他群体的影响不显著。情景互动对所有群体具有显著促进作用,尤其对农村、中老年人、不从事金融投资群体及非党员的促进作用更大。作用机制分析表明,社会互动通过促进居民养老观念由传统依赖养老向现代独立养老转变,从而提高商业养老保险参与水平。本文的研究为在人口老龄化现状下促进商业养老保险发展提供了新的政策视角,即通过社会互动、改变居民传统养老观念来推动我国商业养老保险健康快速发展。     

卫生资源与国民健康:卫生资源投入增加会恶化国民健康吗

近年来,我国医疗卫生领域呈现"市场化诊断"倾向,医疗卫生资源增多,医疗服务供给能力提高,但国民健康水平却没有明显改善,这造成医患矛盾日益紧张。利用2002-2009年省级面板数据分析卫生资源投入对国民健康的影响,为解决内生性问题,以医疗投入与国民健康的结构方程关系为基础,运用三阶最小二乘法获得一致估计。结果显示,以千人医护人员为代理变量,医疗卫生资源投入并没有恶化国民健康,而是显著提高了国民健康水平;进一步选取不同类型医疗卫生投入代理变量进行检验,证明了研究结论的稳健性。在研究结论基础上,从政府责任与市场配置、医患关系及医改目标等方面提出若干思考。     

社会医疗保险、自我保护与商业健康保险

基于消费者保险需求理论,采用中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据,分析了社会医疗保险、自我保护与商业健康保险之间的关系。结果表明：社会医疗保险抑制了商业健康保险的发展,显著减少了自我保护支出;自我保护促进了商业健康保险的发展。鉴于此,政府应制定合理的封顶线及报销比例以提供适度的基本医疗保险保障水平,商业保险公司应提供差异化的健康保险以补充社会医疗保险,政府及保险公司应鼓励自我保护投资以促进商业健康保险发展。     

Health Care Reform,Efficiency of Health Insurers,and Optimal Health Insurance Markets

This research examines the efficiency of the U.S. health insurers. It shows that more insurers are less efficient than in the previous sample year; however, the results suggest that the federal health care reform has no significant effect on the overall efficiency of all insurers as a whole, which is very low but does not change much over time. This research explores how to improve the efficiency of the health insurance market by proposing state, regional, and national efficiency-based goal-oriented market models and an efficiency duplicating system, and it discusses important implications to the health care compacts, the health insurance exchanges or marketplaces, and the national multistate programs. It also analyzes further moves for efficiency enhancement with regard to payment methods and the health care delivery system. One interesting finding is that the Medicaid program is very efficient because it provides support to the offering of Medicaid coverage and further expansion, which enhances the health welfare of society with fewer resources inputs from the perspective of efficiency. This research should provide important insights for state and federal governments, policy makers, regulators, the health insurance industry, and consumers.     

The Health Economy and Health Insurance Research in the JRI

College professors typically expend a considerable amount of time, energy, and effort on academic research. But only one study to date has demonstrated the societal benefit of such research by showing that the content of academic research responds to real-world problems. This article adds to this scant literature by investigating empirically if the prevalence of health insurance articles in the Journal of Risk and Insurance ( JRI ) can be explained by the state of the health economy. According to the findings, both the uninsured rate and health care spending share are directly related to the percentage of health insurance articles published in the JRI . Thus, the empirical results suggest that the research decisions of insurance economists are influenced at the margin by real-world problems.     

职场宝典:心理健康与职业提升

什么是健康?健康的内涵是什么?一个人不生病、能吃能喝能睡是健康吗?过去的观念狭隘地认为,健康就是身体器官功能有效,甚至认为没有传染疾病就是健康。从"全人发展"的角度看,健康是身(生理)、心(思维和情绪)、灵(精神价值)三方面的整合、协调发展,是一个人最     

Suicidal Terrorism and Public Health

Suicidal terrorism—the targeted use of self-destructing humans against specific populations as a means of effecting political change—is now the most common, and most lethal, form of terrorism. Its effects on public health include loss of well-being and security, psychological illness, physical injury, death, public panic, and loss of basic civil liberties. This article discusses interventions that individuals, governments and the public health community may undertake to minimize the risk of, and effectively respond to, suicidal terrorism.     

物联网时代的健康保险与健康管理

随着我国社会发展与人们生活水平的提高,健康管理和健康保险将成为未来社会管理和保险市场需求的重要领域。目前健康保险和健康管理面临着由于信息不对称引起的道德风险的困境,同时,受到经营管理效率的制约。物联网技术的出现、发展与普及,为解决上述问题提供了可能。解决的基本思路是围绕存在的问题,有针对性地利用物联网的“更加透彻的感知...     

Mustn't Grumble: Immigration,Health and Health Service Use in the UK and Germany*

A rise in population caused by increased immigration is sometimes accompanied by concerns that the increase in population puts additional or differential pressure on welfare services, which might affect the net fiscal contribution of immigrants. The UK and Germany have experienced significant increases in immigration in recent years and this study uses longitudinal data from both countries to examine whether immigrants differ in their use of health services from native-born individuals on arrival and over time. While immigrants to Germany, but not the UK, are more likely to self-report poor health than the native-born population, the samples of immigrants use hospital and GP services at broadly the same rate as the native-born populations in both countries. Controls for observed and unobserved differences between immigrants and native-born sample populations make little difference to these broad findings.     

Recessions and Health: The Long-Term Health Consequences of Responses to the Coronavirus*

The lockdown measures that were implemented in the spring of 2020 to stop the spread of COVID-19 are having a huge impact on economies in the UK and around the world. In addition to the direct impact of COVID-19 on health, the following recession will have an impact on people's health outcomes. This paper reviews economic literature on the longer-run health impacts of business-cycle fluctuations and recessions. Previous studies show that an economic downturn, which affects people through increased unemployment, lower incomes and increased uncertainty, will have significant consequences on people's health outcomes both in the short and longer term. The health effects caused by these adverse macroeconomic conditions will be complex and will differ across generations, regions and socio-economic groups. Groups that are vulnerable to poor health are likely to be hit hardest even if the crisis hit all individuals equally, and we already see that some groups such as young workers and women are worse hit by the recession than others. Government policies during and after the pandemic will play an important role in determining the eventual health consequences.     

Assessing Benefits from Department of Health and National Health Service Research & Development

Public services in the UK are increasingly expected to account for their outputs and performance. This article describes a retrospective evaluation of the benefits from the R&D funded by a regional office of the NHS Executive. The methods adopted enabled the various elements of the region's R&D portfolio to be examined and provided a basis for the development of a plan for regular monitoring. The proposals for implementation are now also feeding into a debate as to how health services R&D might best be monitored nationally in a way that is compatible with the norms and practices of research in other contexts.