保险人向投保人行使保险代位求偿权之质疑——以货运险保险人向投保的承运人行使追偿权为视角

财产保险中,保险合同要保障的是被保险人的利益,保险合同的有效性也是从考量事故发生时被保险人是否对保险标的具有保险利益开始的。大陆法系区分投保人和被保险人,认同保险合同是涉他利益合同,但是,在立法和司法实践中应考虑投保人的投保意图,从更深层次考虑保险合同所要维护的“利益”,投保人除了缔结合同和支付保费的义务之外,应考虑其在保险合同中也具有利益。本文以数个案例为例,从“第三者”是否包括投保人,否定向投保人追偿不是对保险代位求偿权制度的背离,投保目的以及最大诚信原则等四个方面进行法律分析,并着重从财产保险利益的具体内容和保险合同的模式考量投保人的经济利益,得出保险人不应对投保人行使代位求偿权的结论;并提出,目前阶段即便不能完全否定保险人对投保人的追偿权利,也应该通过给予一定限制,倡导在保险合同缔结过程中,保险人对于将来可能对投保人行使代位求偿权的问题应加以充分提示说明,以防投保人的合同目的落空。     

财产保险合同中保险利益的转移与保险合同的效力

新《保险法》第12条规定：保险利益是指投保人或者被保险人对保险标的具有的法律上承认的利益。第13条规定：投保人提出保险要求,经保险人同意承保,保险合同成立。依法成立的保险合同,自成立时生效。投保人或者保险人可以对合同的效力约定附条件或者附期限。     

试析人身保险的保险利益

一、人身保险的保险利益的定义 何为保险利益?通常讲保险利益亦称之为可保利益,按权威的法学词典的解释是指投保人或被保险人对保险标的所享有的经济利益,按保险法的解释:“保险利益是指投保人对保险标的具有法律上承认的利益”。 上述定义的解释应该讲是对保险利益的高     

投保人为何变成被追偿者

货运运输的保险标的具有流动性，同时运输过程中保险标的由承运人掌握，与被保险人分离，其保险利益具有特殊性。保险人应帮助投保人正确地选择相关险种。     

一个保险标的有数个保险利益怎么办

保险利益是指投保人或被保险人对保险标的所具有的一种合法的经济利益。在财产保险中,由于投保对象、保险标的的复杂性以及人们之间经济关系的广泛性,有可能会出现对同一保险标的有两个或两个以上保险利益的情形。这类保险利益可以是相同性质的,也可以是不同性质的,按照当事人的人数不同和保险利益的性质不同,其表现形式主要有以下三种：     

从赌搏性保险单（wager policies)角度看保险利益原则

中国大陆《保险法》第11条规定：“投保人对保险标的应当具有保险利益，投保人对保险标的不具有保险利益的保险合同无效，保险利益是指投保人对保险标的具有法律上承认的利益。”许多国家的立法都将投保人对保险标的没有保险利益的保险合同视为赌博合同，并规定其无效。实践中，对于具体的保险单是否具有赌博性质，将关系到当事人的切身利益及保险业务的开展，因此有必要对赌博保险单作以研究，另外各国立法都将投保人对保险标的没有保险单作以研究，另外各国立法都将投保人对保险标的没有保险利益的保险合同视为赌博合同并规定其无效，这种做法是否妥当呢？本文也将就此予以探讨。     

投保人故意杀害被保险人之保险人免责条款合理性分析

投保人故意杀害被保险人,其法律后果是保险人一概免责。这一法律规定受到学者的诸多质疑,但对于其法律后果之设计,至今也未能达成一致意见。投保人故意杀害被保险人之情形,是否要考虑受益人或其他关系人利益之保护？若答案为是,那为什么世界各国保险立法对投保人故意杀害被保险人的情形,     

保险欺诈析

保险诈骗的法律解释及特征 我国《刑法》第198条对保险诈骗罪是这样规定的：1．投保人故意虚构保险标的，骗取保险金的；2．投保人、被保险人或受益人对发生的保险事故编造虚假的原因或者夸大程度，骗取保险金的；3．投保人、被保险人或受益人故意编造未曾发生的保险事故，骗取保险金的；4．投保人、受益人故意造成保险财产损失，骗取保险金的；5．投保人、受益人故意造成被保险人死亡、伤残或者疾病，骗取保险金的。有以上五种情形之一且数额较大的行为，     

保险利益原则与意思自治原则的冲突及适用

保险利益原则内涵、性质及作用 一、保险利益原则的内涵 依据《保险法》第十二条的规定,保险利益是指投保人或者被保险人对保险标的具有的法律上承认的利益。保险法指明了保险利益的主体问题,即何人有资格就保险标的向保险人投保。理论界普遍认为,财产保险的保险利益主体包括对财产享有法律上权利的或对财产负有法律上义务的人以及对财产享有法律上期待利益的人。     

股东以公司财产具有保险利益吗？

保险利益是保险合同的客体，也是保险合同的要件之一。世界各国保险立法均规定无保险利益的保险合同无效。我国《保险法》亦有类似规定。然而，如何认定投保人是否具有保险利益，却有很大差别。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...