立足档案岗位争创一流业绩——注册会计师行业档案工作人员立足岗位创先争优倡议书

以工作底稿为主要内容的档案工作是会计师事务所质量管理、风险控制的重要环节,是注册会计师行业诚信建设的基础工程,也是行业进步发展积累的宝贵财富.值此注册会计师行业深入开展创先争优活动之际,我们响应中国注册会计师行业党委、中国注册会计师协会的号召,立足档案工作岗位创先争优,进一步做好档案工作,提高档案管理科学化、精细化水平,服务本单位本部门中心工作,为推动行业跨越式发展贡献力量.在此,我们向注册会计师行业全体档案工作人员倡议:     

会计师事务所业务档案管理的流程与规范

会计师事务所档案管理内容丰富多样,各事务所结合自身管理制度与特点均有不同的流程与标准。在此笔者以《独立审计准则》为基础,结合会计师事务所行业特点,从具有相当的可操作性出发,认为业务档案管理的流程与规范应从如下几方面逐步加以完善。 业务档案管理工作的原则事务所业务档案管理在妥善保管的前提下,应以实时动态,便于调阅与分析为基本原则。会计师事务所各个部门应共同参与档案管理,编号一致,对档案形成与使用轨迹清晰记录。 业务档案管理工作1. 业务部门:组织收集、整理档案内容,建立档案册(卷)并描述册(卷)内容简要说明,编…     

会计师事务所档案工作的调查与思考

为了解会计师事务所档案工作的情况,更好地为南通市民营经济新领域的档案工作提供服务,南通市档案局与南通市注册会计师协会组成联合调查组,对市内具有代表性的5家会计师事务所档案管理情况进行了实地调查。该项调查及其提出的相关建议,对加强会计师事务所的档案管理工作具有积极的意义。基本情况通过调查,我们发现:南通市会计师事务所由于法人性质的变化、法律责任的明晰、业务风险的增大等原因,其负责人对档案的重要性尤其是对业务档案的作用有一定的认识。被调查的5家事务所负责人,都对加强档案规范化管理有迫切的愿望,认为这是自身工作…     

我们是如何对企业会计档案销毁工作进行见证的

上海会计师事务所接受上海自行车厂的委托,对该厂保存四十余年的会计档案的清理销毁工作进行见证,现在已经完成了任务。我们认为上海企业很多,有的是数十年的老企业,会计档案数量很大,时间很长,这项工作又是政府有关方面规定必须进行的,会计师事务所接受这项工作完全是可能的,也是合法的。这是会计师事务所一个新的业务领域,是大有发展前途的。我们现在把这项工作介绍于后,供作大家参考。     

人力资源激励与会计师事务所可持续发展——兼论人力资源价值计量与披露

随着我国会计师事务所脱钩改制工作的全面完成,会计师事务所之间的竞争日益激烈,联合、合并之风盛起.我国加入WTO后,伴随而来的必将是我国服务市场的开放,而会计等中介服务是服务市场的重要组成部分.在机遇和挑战并存的同时,可持续发展问题是摆在每一个会计师事务所面前的一个紧迫的课题.人力资源是会计师事务所的主要资源,由智力资本和文化资本组成.智力资本和文化资本是会计师事务所可持续发展的前提和利润的源泉,因此,如何激励人力资源是解决会计师事务所可持续发展的关键问题.本文依据企业理论,分析了会计师事务所人力资源激励的几种方式及其作用,并探讨了事务所人力资源价值的计量问题.     

会计师事务所的科学发展与党建工作

党的建设历来是我国革命和建设的基础.会计师事务所如何开展与做好党建工作,是一个新的课题.如何正确认识党建工作与会计师事务所发展的关系?如何将党建工作融入到事务所的日常工作?如何做好事务所的党建工作?笔者围绕这三个方面谈一些体会.     

会计师事务所成本控制过程中的问题及建议

自2011年1月1日起，我国会计师事务所将实行《会计师事务所财务管理暂行办法》（以下简称“暂行办法”）。《暂行办法》实施后，对会计师事务所在财务管理体制、资产负债管理、收入费用核算、收益分配机制、财务报表报备、会计档案保管等方面与之前的会计核算办法相比更加规范化，对会计师事务所财务管理水平的评价范围更加全面，内容更加具体，标准更加明确，     

浅析注册会计师审计和咨询的互动关系

会计师事务所发展战略的一个重要内容是服务产品组合问题.以"五大"为代表的国际大型会计师事务所已经形成了以审计和咨询为主的服务产品组合.     

以审计责任为中心做好对会计师事务所执业质量的检查

今年是对会计师事务所执业质量直接检查试点工作的开年。为做好这项工作,我办领导明确指出,要转变思路,抓住重点,讲究方法,以审计责任为中心,做好对会计师事务所执业质量的检查工作。一、转变思路自1999年以来,财政部门开展会计信息质量检查,一直是先检查企业的会计责任,再检查会计师事务所的审计责任。检查的顺序是先查企业,再查事务所。对会计师事务所执业质量直接检查,目前没有规范的检查方法供参考,这就要求检查人员要与时俱进地进行探索,研究对注册会计师执业质量检查的重点、检查工作的切入点、检查工作的步骤。二、抓住重点在总结过去4年开展会计信息质量检查工作经验和归纳以往会计师事务所执业质量存在问题的基础上,明确了对会计师事务所执业质量检查的重点内容。1.一个中心——审计责任。以审计责任为中心,是做好检查工作的关键,是检     

中国注册会计师协会关于开展2011年会计师事务所执业质量检查工作的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市注册会计师协会:为做好201 1年会计师事务所执业质量检查工作,根据201 1年全国会计师事务所执业质量检查工作会议精神和《会计师事务所执业质量检查制度》要求,我会制定了《2011年全国会计师事务所执业质量检查工作方案》,现予印发,并就开展201 1年会计师事务所执业质量检查工作通知如下:一、各级协会要高度重视201 1年执业质量检查工作,认真贯彻落实会计师事务所执业质量检查制度改革方案的精神和要求.二、各地方协会应根据中注协《2011年全国会计师事务所执业质量检查工作方案》,结合本地区实际,制定本地区的会计师事务所执业质量检查工作方案.     

Knowing what to sell, when, and to whom

Despite an abundance of data, most companies do a poor job of predicting the behavior of their customers. In fact, the authors' research suggests that even companies that take the greatest trouble over their predictions about whether a particular customer will buy a particular product are correct only around 55% of the time--a result that hardly justifies the costs of having a CRM system in the first place. Businesses usually conclude from studies like this that it's impossible to use the past to predict the future, so they revert to the timeworn marketing practice of inundating their customers with offers. But as the authors explain, the reason for the poor predictions is not any basic limitation of CRM systems or the predictive power of past behavior, but rather of the mathematical methods that companies use to interpret the data. The authors have developed a new way of predicting customer behavior, based on the work of the Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel McFadden, that delivers vastly improved results. Indeed, the methodology increases the odds of successfully predicting a specific purchase by a specific customer at a specific time to about 85%, a number that will have a major impact on any company's marketing ROI. What's more, using this methodology, companies can increase revenues while reducing their frequency of customer contact-evidence that overcommunication with customers may actually damage a company's sales.     

Risks and threats to civilization, humankind, and the earth

This paper is a brief look at a wide range of risks that are said to present great threats to humankind. It was stimulated by several interacting factors. First, too many books and articles about astrophysical catastrophes, in the scientific and semi-scientific press, give relatively little attention to their timeframe or the measures to anticipate and prepare for them. Second, and most important, is that the overblown effects of 9/11 have distorted the United States of America's perspective and agenda on catastrophes. The result is that billions of dollars have been wasted and attention turned away from threats that could be truly catastrophic for the United States and, in many cases, for the rest of the world. Third, are books that have become popular by raising the threat that what will happen to us will be similar to what happened to earlier societies such as the Maya and the Easter Islanders. Most notably among these is Jared Diamond's Collapse [Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Penguin Group, 2005]. The failure in these doomsday arguments is to overlook the greater sophistication, knowledge, awareness, monitoring and preparation currently in the United States and in other parts of the globe. The institutional structure and scientific knowledge today would either prevent or deal with the kind of socio-economic decline anticipated by the “collapse” arguments. In contrast several geophysical and celestial risks do imply global catastrophe. The value of this paper is as broad background to the specific scenario papers that follow. While it leans heavily on the work of others, it offers three new features for the analysis of any extreme risk. First is a scale of devastation, based on deaths. Second is a comprehensive time frame—now to the end of the Earth. Third is an outline of general questions that must be addressed for any risk, however large or small, if it is to provide insight into policy choices and promote systemic thinking.     

Exchange risk, exposure, and the option to trade

Rather than impeding trade, increased exchange rate uncertainty may on average create trade as it implies a higher probability that ex post deviations from Commodity Price Parity will exceed tariffs and transportation costs. We demonstrate such an effect in a small-country, short-term model, under the alternative assumptions of perfect competition and of a monopolist trader-producer. The proofs rely on the fact that such firms' exposures can be replicated (and hedged) by standard options. Under partial monopoly scenarios, the effect of volatility is ex ante unclear, though. (JEL F31)     

贺邦靖会长赴广东、福建调研

3月下旬．中国资产评估协会会长贺邦靖带领中评协秘书长刘萍、党委副书记宋阳等同志到广东和福建调研考察资产评估行业学习实践科学发展观活动开展情况。在福建调研考察期间．福建省委书记孙春兰、省长黄小品分别会见了贺邦靖会长一行。     

First-mover advantage,time to finance,and cash holdings

We examine the strategic role of cash in a two-stage competition model featuring a first-mover advantage in product markets and time delays in outside financing. Due to the joint effect of the first-mover advantage, time to finance, market profitability, participation cost, and the arrival rate of investment opportunities, large cash holdings can arise in equilibrium in both concentrated and diffuse industries, leading to a rich relation between industry concentration and cash holdings. The model also reveals novel interactions of these drivers of cash holdings that are consistent with empirical evidence. Furthermore, despite that cash is held to enable fast responses to investment opportunities, the correlation between cash holdings and realized investment is low. Our model provides an explanation for the large variation in cash holdings across industries and over time, and the strong correlation between cash holdings and R&D.     

Access to capital,investment, and the financial crisis

During the recent financial crisis, corporate borrowing and capital expenditures fall sharply. Most existing research links the two phenomena by arguing that a shock to bank lending (or, more generally, to the corporate credit supply) caused a reduction in capital expenditures. The economic significance of this causal link is tenuous, as we find that (1) bank-dependent firms do not decrease capital expenditures more than matching firms in the first year of the crisis or in the two quarters after Lehman Brother's bankruptcy; (2) firms that are unlevered before the crisis decrease capital expenditures during the crisis as much as matching firms and, proportionately, more than highly levered firms; (3) the decrease in net debt issuance for bank-dependent firms is not greater than for matching firms; (4) the average cumulative decrease in net equity issuance is more than twice the average decrease in net debt issuance from the start of the crisis through March 2009; and (5) bank-dependent firms hoard cash during the crisis compared with unlevered firms.     

Stairway to heaven or highway to hell: Liquidity,sweat equity,and the uncertain path to ownership

We study a setting in which a principal contracts with an agent to operate a firm over an infinite time horizon when the agent is liquidity constrained and privately observes the sequence of cost realizations. We formulate the principal’s problem as a dynamic program in which the state variable is the agent’s continuation utility, which is naturally interpreted as his equity in the firm. The optimal incentive scheme resembles what is commonly regarded as a sweat equity contract, with all rents back loaded. Payments begin when the agent effectively becomes the owner, and from this point on, all production is efficient. These features are shown to be similar to features common in real‐world work‐to‐own franchising agreements and venture capital contracts.     

Consumption,asset wealth,equity premium,term spread,and flight to quality

We link transitory deviations of consumption from its equilibrium relationship with aggregate wealth and labor income to equity returns on the one hand, and to two characteristics of bond investors—the premium demanded to hold long‐term assets, and “flight to quality” behavior—on the other hand. Using a panel of 10 euro area countries over the period 1984Q1–2017Q4, we show that a rise in the consumption–wealth ratio predicts both higher equity returns and the future term spread, while a fall in the consumption–wealth ratio explains a large fraction of the rise in the spread between the “risky” and the “safe‐haven” bond.     

Access to financing,rents, and organization of the firm

This paper provides a theory for the choice of an organizational structure by the headquarters of a unitary structure concerned about overload. The headquarters can avoid overload by delegating operational decisions to divisions, i.e., moving the firm to a multidivisional structure. We show that, under moral hazard, these divisions receive rents for incentive purposes, and that the multidivisional structure is able to invest more. Thus, there is a trade-off between increasing investment and paying rents. We also show that this trade-off applies to situations where firms consider engaging in acquisitions and joint ventures, or where entrepreneurs consider resorting to venture capitalists.     

Population,wealth, and resources up to the year 2000

The authors use the second-generation Mesarovic-Pestel model to produce global scenarios. In the first (open-loop) case there is little interaction between different areas (eg agriculture, energy, or resources). The results are similar to forecasts made by other research groups. The authors show that in the long run this open-loop approach is implausible. The closed-loop approach significantly alters the scenarios. This is highlighted by the combined-problem scenario, which adopts some of the more pessimistic assumptions from the other organisations' projections while retaining the interactions between areas. The authors stress the importance of the closed-loop approach when considering global futures. They also examine the regional trends which may be masked by the global figures.