住房价格波动的金融支持与金融风险防范——基于VEC模型的实证分析

在我国住房价格波动过程中,以银行信贷为主的金融业对房地产业的支持是否过度,是判断当前房价波动金融风险及其程度的重要依据.本文运用向量误差修正模型,重点对我国住房价格波动中的金融、收入增长、土地价格等因素进行了分析.结果表明,土地价格上涨、金融对房地产业的信贷支持以及投机是推动房价上涨的主要因素.由此指出在当前房地产市场低迷的情况下,房价波动的加剧可能为金融及经济稳定带来的不利冲击,并提出相关政策建议.     

区域经济增长的金融支持研究——基于中国省域面板数据的实证分析

文章运用面板协整分析、Granger因果检验与误差修正模型,对1998-2010年我国30个省域的区域经济增长与金融支持的关系进行了实证分析.结果表明:从长期来看,我国金融支持与区域经济增长之间存在着稳定的均衡关系,金融支持是经济增长的Granger原因,且以银行信贷余额、股票总市值和保费收入所表示的金融支持都对经济增长起到积极的促进作用.而从短期来看,金融支持的不同方面对经济增长影响方向不同,银行体系规模和保险市场规模对区域经济增长具有正向的作用,而股票市场规模却对区域经济增长产生了负的影响,表现为抑制作用.     

银行信贷与房地产市场关系研究—以南京市为例

近年来南京市房地产市场的繁荣发展与银行信贷支持密切相关,本文从供给与需求角度定性分析了银行对房地产市场发展的金融支持。针对南京市房价上涨较快的经济现象,利用2001-2007年的季度数据,实证研究了银行信贷与房价的关系。研究结果表明,银行信贷与房价在长期均衡水平上,互为因果关系,即银行信贷与房价互相影响。     

我国各省区市金融发展的经济增长效应分析——基于面板数据的时变趋势与区域特征分析

基于31个省区市1994-2005年的经济金融面板数据的实证分析发现.金融规模扩张、结构优化、效率提升确实有助于促进经济增长,且效率提升比规模扩张更有助于促进地区经济增长.金融发展的经济增长效应存在着区域差异,且受各省区市的地区性基础或禀赋因素的影响较大.随着金融体制改革的推进,各地区金融发展对经济发展的适应性逐步增强,但仍受到金融体制的约束,需要进一步深化改革,加快发展.为此,要充分发挥中央政府主导金融制度供给与创新、地方政府主导当地金融生态建设和市场主导金融资源配置的基础性作用,将统筹区域金融协调发展与部分省区市金融率先发展有机统一起来.     

金融资源错配、房价与经济高质量发展——基于空间计量模型分析

基于省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型、空间计量模型,考量金融资源错配、房价及二者交互项对经济高质量发展的影响。研究表明∶金融资源错配、房价上涨显著抑制了我国经济高质量发展;金融资源错配与房价的交互作用表明,房价上涨加重了金融资源错配对经济高质量发展的负面影响;进一步分样本检验发现,中西部地区金融资源错配对经济高质量发展的...     

我国金融发展对经济增长的影响——基于我国三大区域面板数据的分析

本文根据1978~2014年我国31个省市的面板数据建立模型,依据国家统计局对我国省市划分区域的统计口径进行划分,采用面板单位根、协整检验方法和面板数据固定效应模型分别对东中西部地区的金融发展对经济增长的促进作用进行了实证分析。模型结果表明:从我国整体而言,金融发展与经济增长存在着长期均衡关系,但是各地区之间金融中介对经济增长的贡献水平存在着较大的差别,这其中东部地区的促进作用最大,中部、西部的贡献水平依次递减。为了缩小区域经济发展差距,我国应进一步深化金融体制改革,将各地区之间的经济差距缩小,建立经济与金融的良性互动机制,使我国经济实现全面协调健康发展。     

论银行信贷对区域经济发展的促进作用

我国经济在改革开放以来迅速增长,获得了令世人瞩目的成就。现代经济的运行是以金融为核心,其对我国经济的调控和支持有着越来越重要的作用。我国金融活动主体的银行业以积极调整信贷结构来应对国际金融危机的冲击,在促进区域经济结构优化和复苏等方面有着十分重要的贡献,因此银行信贷在区域经济发展中的作用越来越明显。目前国内外学者对我国经济增长进行了大量的研究,但这些研究基本上是论述各个时期投资效率或投资水平对经济增长的作用,而研究银行信贷对区域经济发展的促进作用的文献较少。银行信贷与区域经济增长这种复杂的相互关系在我国金融市场上有着举足轻重的影响。此外,我国GDP和银行信贷实现了快速并同步的增长。     

论银行信贷对区域经济发展的促进作用

我国经济在改革开放以来迅速增长,获得了令世人瞩目的成就。现代经济的运行是以金融为核心,其对我国经济的调控和支持有着越来越重要的作用。我国金融活动主体的银行业以积极调整信贷结构来应对国际金融危机的冲击,在促进区域经济结构优化和复苏等方面有着十分重要的贡献,因此银行信贷在区域经济发展中的作用越来越明显。目前国内外学者对我国经济增长进行了大量的研究,但这些研究基本上是论述各个时期投资效率或投资水平对经济增长的作用,而研究银行信贷对区域经济发展的促进作用的文献较少。银行信贷与区域经济增长这种复杂的相互关系在我国金融市场上有着举足轻重的影响。此外,我国GDP和银行信贷实现了快速并同步的增长。     

金融发展与经济增长:区域效应、时变趋势及发展对策

基于31个省区市1994—2005年的金融经济面板数据的实证分析发现,金融规模扩张、结构优化、效率提升确实有助于促进经济增长,且效率提升比规模扩张更有助于促进地区经济成长。金融发展的经济增长效应存在着区域差异,且受各省区市的地区性基础或禀赋因素的影响较大。随着金融体制改革的推进,各地区金融发展对经济发展的适应性逐步增强,但仍受到金融体制的约束,需要进一步深化改革,加快发展。为此,要充分发挥中央政府主导金融制度供给与创新、地方政府主导当地金融生态建设和市场主导金融资源配置的基础性作用,将统筹区域金融协调发展与部分省区市金融率先发展有机统一起来。     

银行信贷、财政支出与区域经济增长

本文基于索洛经济增长模型,利用面板数据模型对我国30个省区银行信贷、财政支出与经济增长之间的关系进行研究。实证研究结果表明：各省区自发经济增长存在显著的差异,银行信贷与财政支出对经济增长有着明显的正向效应,银行信贷对经济增长的贡献要大于财政支出。本文还就如何提高资金配置效率。促进区域经济均衡发展提出了参考建议。     

Price Run-up in Housing Markets,Access to Bank Lending and House Prices in Korea

This paper studies the causal relationship between house prices and the access to bank lending in Kangnam, the hottest submarket in Seoul and four ‘cold’ markets which have shown relatively modest price increases. In response to the rapid escalation of house prices in Seoul, primarily in Kangnam in recent years, the Korean government implemented a number of policies to stabilize house prices. In particular, it introduced more strict limits on loan-to-value ratio and debt-to-income ratio as part of the mortgage loan qualification process in order to restrict the availability of bank lending for the housing market. The short-run influence of the bank lending on the apartment prices is clearly present in ‘cold’ markets, while it is not in Kangnam, the ‘hot’ market, even though the long-run influence is stronger in Kangnam than in the other markets. This result holds for the entire sample period (1999–2006) as well as for the subperiods before and after the introduction of lending restrictions in August, 2005. It also holds for Kangnam and Kangbuk for an extended period of 1988 to 2006. Our results suggest that in the short run the lending restriction may cause a disruption in untargeted housing markets while it has little influence on the apartment prices in the targeted market. We also find that banks have adjusted the bank lending in response to changes in the house prices in Kangnam as well as in the other markets.     

Banking deregulation,macroeconomic dynamics and monetary policy

We assess the effects of increased bank competition on macroeconomic and lending dynamics and on the transmission of monetary policy. Applying panel local projections to state-level data, we, in a first step, investigate the dynamic effects of fiercer bank competition induced by deregulation allowing geographical expansion of banks across state borders in the 1980s and early-1990s. We allow for possible adjustments before the new laws became effective due to potential anticipation effects. Our findings suggest that these events were anticipated and that they temporarily increased economic activity as well as business and consumer lending. We also find a permanent increase in real estate lending and house prices. In a second step, we show that the impact of monetary policy on economic activity, house prices and lending tended to become stronger after interstate banking deregulation.     

Bank lending and property prices in Hong Kong

This paper studies the relationship between residential property prices and bank lending in Hong Kong. This is an interesting topic for three reasons. First, swings in property prices have been extremely large and frequent in Hong Kong. Second, under the currency board regime, monetary policy cannot be used to guard against asset price swings. Third, despite the collapse in property prices since 1998, the banking sector remains sound. While the contemporaneous correlation between lending and property prices is large, our results suggest that the direction of influence goes from property prices to bank credit rather than conversely.     

银行信贷、房地产价格与经济增长的非线性关系研究——基于省际面板平滑转换模型的实证检验

选用中国2000~2014年31个省的面板数据,以银行信贷为转换变量,通过构建面板平滑转换模型对我国房地产价格与经济增长的非线性关系进行考察。研究发现：当信贷增长率低于28.74%时,房价增长率对经济增长产生比较显著的正向影响;当信贷增长率高于28.74%时,房价增长率对经济增长起到了明显的阻碍作用。因此,为了实现“稳定房价和保持经济平稳增长”的目标,央行应将信贷增速维持在低增长体制的最优区间中。同时,央行还应该改善信贷结构,鼓励和引导金融资源进行合理配置。     

Banking competition and economic growth: cross-country evidence

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of banking competition on industry economic growth using both structural measures of competition and measures based on the new empirical industrial organisation perspective. The evidence obtained in the period 1993–2003 for a sample of 53 sectors in 21 countries indicates that financial development promotes economic growth. The results also show that bank monopoly power has an inverted-U-shaped effect on economic growth, suggesting that bank market power has its highest growth effect at intermediate values. The latter result is consistent with the literature on relationship lending, which argues that bank competition can have a negative effect on the availability of finance for companies that are informationally more opaque.     

Economic policy uncertainty and the credit channel: Aggregate and bank level U.S. evidence over several decades

Economic policy uncertainty affects decisions of households, businesses, policy makers and financial intermediaries. We first examine the impact of economic policy uncertainty on aggregate bank credit growth. Then we analyze commercial bank entity level data to gauge the effects of policy uncertainty on financial intermediaries’ lending. We exploit the cross-sectional heterogeneity to back out indirect evidence of its effects on businesses and households. We ask (i) whether, conditional on standard macroeconomic controls, economic policy uncertainty affected bank level credit growth, and (ii) whether there is variation in the impact related to banks’ balance sheet conditions; that is, whether the effects are attributable to loan demand or, if impact varies with bank level financial constraints, loan supply. We find that policy uncertainty has a significant negative effect on bank credit growth. Since this impact varies meaningfully with some bank characteristics – particularly the overall capital-to-assets ratio and bank asset liquidity-loan supply factors at least partially (and significantly) help determine the influence of policy uncertainty. Because other studies have found important macroeconomic effects of bank lending growth on the macroeconomy, our findings are consistent with the possibility that high economic policy uncertainty may have slowed the U.S. economic recovery from the Great Recession by restraining overall credit growth through the bank lending channel.     

Can interest rates really control house prices? Effectiveness and implications for macroprudential policy

This paper investigates how changes in the central bank policy and retail mortgage rates affected real housing prices in New Zealand during the period 1999–2009. We find that real interest rates are significantly and positively related to real housing prices, indicating that increases in the policy rate may not be effective in depressing real housing prices. By testing interest rates, we also find some evidence of housing price bubbles. Our findings suggest that the central bank could have limited housing price bubbles if it had started to intervene in the housing market prior to 2003. Our results set international exemplars for using policy rates or macroprudential tools to cool the housing market, where the extent of policy rate adjustments is limited by internal or external economic factors.     

Capital ratios and bank lending: A matched bank approach

This paper examines the impact of bank capital ratios on bank lending by comparing differences in loan growth to differences in capital ratios at sets of banks that are matched based on geographic area as well as size and various business characteristics. We argue that such comparisons are most effective at controlling for local loan demand and other environmental factors. For comparison we also control for local factors using MSA fixed effects. We find, based on data from 2001 to 2011, that the relationship between capital ratios and bank lending was significant during and shortly following the recent financial crisis but not at other times. We find that the relationship between capital ratios and loan growth is stronger for banks where loans are contracting than where loans are expanding. We also show that the elasticity of bank lending with respect to capital ratios is higher when capital ratios are relatively low, suggesting that the effect of capital ratio on bank lending is nonlinear. In addition, we present findings on the relationship between bank capital and lending by bank size and loan type.     

The Interaction between Mortgage Financing and Housing Prices in Greece

Although the close empirical relationship between the evolution of mortgage lending and housing prices is well established in the literature, the direction of causation is less clear from a theoretical standpoint. We apply multivariate cointegration techniques in order to address this issue empirically for the Greek economy. Our results, based on a cointegration relationship that we identify as a mortgage loan demand equation, indicate that housing prices do not adjust to disequilibria in the market for housing loans. This suggests that in the long run the causation does not run from mortgage lending to housing prices. In the short run we find evidence of a contemporaneous bi-directional dependence.

Housing booms and bank growth

The rapid increase in U.S. house prices during the 2001–2006 period was accompanied by a historically rapid expansion of bank assets. We exploit cross-regional variation in local housing booms to study how housing demand shocks affected the growth of the banking sector. We estimate the effect of housing demand shocks that are orthogonal to observed non-housing demand shocks and credit supply shocks in each bank’s market area. We employ several instrumental variables that plausibly identify variation in local housing demand that is exogenous to local banks. We find that the housing boom had a large effect on bank asset growth—the cross-regional elasticity of bank growth with respect to housing demand shocks is around 0.6. The regional elasticity estimate suggests that housing demand shocks can potentially account for a large fraction of the growth of the banking sector during this period.