试论储蓄国债投资者结构分析及其完善对策

储蓄国债作为一种面向个人投资者的理财产品,其投资者结构表现出投资者年龄偏大、理财水平不高以及购买力稳定的特点,导致投资者结构呈现以上特点的主要原因在于我国储蓄国债品种单一、储蓄国债的利率及计息设计不合理以及储蓄国债的流动性差、变现成本高。根据影响投资者结构的原因,完善投资者结构的对策应从完善储蓄国债品种,增加短期和长期品种、改革利率制度和计息方式,实行固定利率与浮动利率相结合的利率制度以及定期计息方式、实现储蓄国债市场交易三个方面入手。     

试论储蓄国债投资者结构分析及其完善对策

储蓄国债作为一种面向个人投资者的理财产品,其投资者结构表现出投资者年龄偏大、理财水平不高以及购买力稳定的特点,导致投资者结构呈现以上特点的主要原因在于我国储蓄国债品种单一、储蓄国债的利率及计息设计不合理以及储蓄国债的流动性差、变现成本高。根据影响投资者结构的原因,完善投资者结构的对策应从完善储蓄国债品种,增加短期和长期品种、改革利率制度和计息方式,实行固定利率与浮动利率相结合的利率制度以及定期计息方式、实现储蓄国债市场交易三个方面入手。     

基于NS模型的我国国债利率期限结构研究

近年来我国的债券市场发展迅猛,伴随着利率的市场化改革,我国国债发行规模和品种数量也在不断地扩大。因而对于我国国债利率期限结构的研究也日渐重要。本文主要基于NS模型的我国国债利率期限结构的研究,选取2013年1月份至5月份在国债市场上的19种国债的每日交易数据对NS模型进行拟合分析。     

深沪两市国债收益率期限结构的实证研究——B-样条函数法

实证研究表明，深沪两市对隐含在国债价格横截面数据中的收益率期限结构的看法总体上是一致的。这也说明，虽然我国没有实现利率市场化，国债在期限品种上也不够丰富，但是市场己经基本形成了被大家所认同的利率期限结构。     

我国国债利率期限结构比较研究

我国国债市场走过了30多年的发展历程,带动利率市场化进程的不断推进,国债的发行和交易也不断发展,尤其是其期限结构也在不断完善。但是在我国国债市场发展期间,由于一些历史问题,我国国债是市场被人为分割为银行间和交易所两个市场,即场外和场内市场。两场的分割也就成了我国学者研究国债市场和国债利率期限结构的重要一环。这两个市场的分割是否还在对我国国债利率期限结构产生影响?本文将拟合我国两个国债市场利率期限结构并进行对比分析,研究两场期限结构差异,对我国国债市场的完善改进提出建议。     

利率市场化条件下储蓄国债管理工作的机遇与挑战

一直以来,我国储蓄国债发行利率主要参照相同期限银行储蓄存款利率,并结合市场供求关系、其他品种国债利率变化情况等因素确定,由此可以看出,国债利率与银行利率是高度关联。2012年银行存款利率放松管制,规定存款利率上浮至基准利率的1.1倍,利率市场化给金融市场各领域带来一系列连锁反映,以银行存款利率为基础上浮一定比例的储蓄国债也相应进行了调整,利率市场化条件下储蓄国债管理工作面临新的机遇与挑战。为此,本文借鉴一些西方国家市场化条件下的储蓄国债管理工作经验,结合实际管理工作存在的问题,提出可行性建议。     

我国国债市场利率期限结构的预期理论检验

预期理论是解释国债利率期限结构进而预测宏观经济政策的重要理论。基于国债发行频率会影响国债利率期限结构的假设,本文应用频段谱相回归方法对我国国债市场利率期限结构的预期理论进行了检验。检验结果发现,预期理论在我国国债市场总体不成立,特别是在高频段和低频段,利率期限结构所包含的期限溢价信息较少。我国应通过更加透明的宏观经济政策及推进国债利率市场化来完善我国利率期限结构。     

我国国债利率期限结构分析

我国国债利率期限结构分析王利华一、国债利率期限结构的概念国债利率的期限结构是指各种不同期限国债的利率或收益率与期限之间的数量关系。用座标来表示，剩余期限作为横坐标，利率或收益率作为纵坐标，把不同的剩余期限对应的利率或收益率水平连成一条曲线，即为国债利...     

中国利率市场化进程中基准利率的选择

利率市场化改革的关键之一在于找到合适的市场基准利率，在基准利率的基础上形成合理的市场利率体系。本文从利率市场化与国债市场的关系入手，指出利率体系建设的关键在于找到有效基准利率，论述了利率市场化过程中有效基准利率的核心地位，分析了国债利率可以成为市场有效基准利率的诸多因素。本文认为国债利率是中国有效基准利率的必然选择，文章提出了我国发展国债市场促进国债利率有效基准利率地位的形成的若干对策与建议。     

国债期货推出已具备基本条件

全球衍生品市场中,国债期货作为一种重要的风险管理和投资工具,显示出强大的生命力和快速发展势头,目前已经成为世界上最活跃、应用最广泛的金融期货品种.当前,我国上市国债期货的市场条件已经基本具备:国债市场化发行机制日益成熟,二级市场交易日渐活跃,国债存量规模大幅扩大,市场参与机构更加多元化,利率市场化取得长足进展.同时,我国期货市场法律法规及监管制度的日益完善,也为国债期货的顺利推出提供了有力的保障.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.