跨境贸易人民币结算与人民币离岸市场发展研究

2009年以来,我国政府推出一系列人民币国际化的政策措施,跨境贸易人民币结算取得快速进展,而香港人民币离岸市场的建设对人民币国际化起到了积极的助推作用。继续推进人民币国际化,需要进一步拓展人民币离岸市场业务,加快人民币在岸市场的对外开放,扩大人民币对外直接投资,有序推进人民币资本项目可兑换。     

我国跨境人民币投融资的发展现状与推进思路

跨境人民币投融资是指境内外经济主体直接使用人民币在跨境范围内开展的投资或融资活动,这将有利于为企业"走出去"和"引进来"提供金融支持,也将进一步推进人民币国际化的进程。由于我国资本和金融项目尚未完全开放,目前跨境人民币投融资面临的政策性限制比较多、相关配套改革不完善,需要借鉴国际经验教训,在不同层面加快改革,推进跨境人民币投融资的开展。     

对外直接投资人民币结算业务发展中的问题及建议

放宽人民币跨境直接投资限制是推进人民币资本项目可兑换的内在要求,随着跨境贸易人民币结算及相关配套政策的出台,以人民币形式办理直接投资业务也上升到了重要的战略层次。目前,跨境人民币直接投资扩大至全国,便利了我国与贸易伙伴之间的投资、结算等经济活动,为我国企业规避汇率风险、开拓国际市场等经济行为提供了更多的选择余地。随着跨境人民币投资的快速推进,涉及人民币跨境流通结算的相关制度必须及时跟进,若配套制度缺失,必然影响人民币国际化的健康快速发展。因此,进一步完善跨境人民币直接投资结算业务具有重要意义。     

资本市场国际化与人民币国际化-基于价值储藏职能视角

本文基于美元和日元在货币国际化和资本市场国际化进程中的国际经验,从货币价值储藏职能的视角对人民币国际化及中国资本市场国际化进行了分析。人民币国际化是资本市场国际化的必要条件,而资本市场国际化为人民币国际化提供了进一步扩展的驱动力。与其他国际货币发行国相比,当前中国资本市场开放度仍然较低,在一定程度上限制了人民币国际化的进一步推进。鉴于此,本文建议:加快推进资本市场国际化进程,注重国际化的深度和质量;推进资本市场改革,提升资本市场吸引力;有序推进人民币国际化和资本市场国际化,注意风险防范。     

人民币国际化的现状及推进策略

本文从计价结算货币、储备货币以及境外流通等角度,分析人民币国际化的现状。分析结果表明:目前人民币使用主要集中在港澳地区和周边国家,人民币在境外的流通量和存量都较为有限,人民币国际化水平尚不高。为推进人民币国际化,我国应大力推进人民币跨境贸易结算、加快推进跨境人民币投资、建立健全人民币回流机制、加快建设香港人民币离岸市场、循序渐进推动金融开放。     

人民币跨境循环问题研究

随着中国经济的快速发展和对外开放程度的提高,人民币在国际上的使用越来越广泛,人民币国际化的进程令人瞩目。但是法律法规不健全、资本项目开放程度较低、离岸市场发展不足等问题,影响了人民币跨境循环的推进,有必要通过健全法律法规、加快资本项目开放进程等措施,促进人民币国际循环。     

关于当前人民币国际化的对策建议

随着人民币在国际市场上的认可度和接受度不断提高,人民币国际化成为国内外备受瞩目的议题。人民币加入SDR货币篮子,"一带一路"战略等事件的推动,更是为人民币国际化进程的推进提供了动力。但当前人民币国际化仍然面临诸多挑战,今后人民币国际化能否顺利推进,取决于在跨境人民币业务、金融市场改革、利率汇率政策以及资本项目开放等各项政策之间进行有序的安排。     

跨境贸易人民币结算助推人民币国际化

自从2009年我国跨境贸易人民币结算在五个城市成功试水,跨境贸易人民币结算试点范围随之逐步扩大,商业银行代理的跨境贸易人民币业务加速扩张并进入了高速发展阶段。本文从现状出发,在介绍了跨境贸易人民币结算对人民币国际化的推进作用之后,指出了人民币跨境结算的影响因素及实际结算业务中存在的主要问题,最后从支付清算体系建设、人民币投资渠道拓宽、金融产品创新及金融风险监管等方面提出了推进人民币跨境结算、提升人民币国际化进程的解决思路。     

跨境贸易人民币结算助推人民币国际化

自从2009年我国跨境贸易人民币结算在五个城市成功试水,跨境贸易人民币结算试点范围随之逐步扩大,商业银行代理的跨境贸易人民币业务加速扩张并进入了高速发展阶段。本文从现状出发,在介绍了跨境贸易人民币结算对人民币国际化的推进作用之后,指出了人民币跨境结算的影响因素及实际结算业务中存在的主要问题,最后从支付清算体系建设、人民币投资渠道拓宽、金融产品创新及金融风险监管等方面提出了推进人民币跨境结算、提升人民币国际化进程的解决思路。     

人民币国际化的进展与隐忧

摘自张明博客 美国次贷危机爆发后,中国政府越来越深刻地认识到在国际贸易与资本流动中过度依赖美元的风险,从而开始加快推进人民币国际化。迄今为止,人民币国际化已经在跨境贸易结算、离岸市场融资等方面取得显著进展。在未来一段时间内,人民币国际化有望在对外直接投资、在岸金融市场开放等方面继续推进。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.