基于雾霾治理视角的产业结构与能源结构调整研究

近年来,我国空气质量日渐恶化,雾霾天气呈频发趋势,危害不断加重。要想治理雾霾,必须有针对性地调整产业结构和能源结构。本文着重分析了不合理的产业结构和能源结构对雾霾天气形成的影响,认为从根本上解决雾霾需要在产业结构转型升级的基础上,积极推进低碳发展,优化能源结构,并从雾霾治理的视角分别对产业结构与能源结构的调整提出了若干政策建议。     

Leadership structure and firm performance

Two theories have been offered to explain why some firms have different people hold the chairman of the board and CEO positions (a dual leadership structure). The agency problem theory suggests that firms employ this dual leadership structure to control agency costs created by the separation of ownership and control. The normal succession theory implies the dual leadership structure emerges as a part of the normal succession process employed to replace a retiring chair/CEO. We tested these theories on a sample of firms which adopt dual leadership structures and found that both theories have merit. Firms most likely to use a dual leadership structure to control agency problems experienced a statistically significant improvement in performance after they switched to a dual leadership structure. Additionally, firms in this subsample that also replaced at least one senior manager experienced a greater improvement in performance than those firms that only changed leadership structure. These results indicated that the shift to a dual leadership structure did reduce agency costs for these firms. Firms most likely to use a dual leadership structure as a part of the normal succession process showed no improvement in performance after the leadership structure change. This suggests that these firms used the dual leadership structure merely to insure an orderly transfer of authority when a chair/CEO retires.     

人口年龄结构与金融结构——宏观事实与微观机制

人口年龄结构是影响宏观经济的重要因素,不仅能够通过“人口红利”影响经济增长,也能通过金融资产需求作用于金融结构,进而影响经济增长。首先,本文基于宏观数据发现人口年龄结构与金融结构之间存在紧密联系,伴随老年人口占比的提高,金融结构更偏向间接融资,且以金融行为来衡量的风险偏好程度显著下降;其次,本文基于2013年中国家庭金融调查数据,从微观主体对金融资产需求的角度研究人口年龄结构对金融结构的影响机制,分析家庭人口年龄结构对风险资产参与行为及风险态度的影响。实证结果表明,家庭老年人口占比越高,家庭参与股票或基金投资意愿及比重越低;对于已持有风险资产的家庭,老年人口占比提高,家庭风险资产持有比重会降低。此外,家庭人口年龄结构会影响风险态度,家庭老年人口占比提升会显著降低风险偏好程度,这是其影响家庭风险资产参与行为的重要渠道。     

广西产业结构调整与金融支持研究

金融是现代经济的核心,是引导经济资源配置的重要动力。社会经济的发展得益于产业结构的不断调整、优化、升级,而产业结构的优化调整始终离不开金融的支持。本文系基于金融作用于产业结构调整进行机理分析的基础上,以广西产业结构发展现状作为研究对象,分析产业结构调整中金融支持方面存在的问题,最后就如何才能更好地支持产业结构调整升级给出了几点建议。     

Debt and market incompleteness

This paper provides a capital structure equilibrium analysis in an environment characterized by market incompleteness and risky debt. Market incompleteness, together with a comparative advantage for corporate borrowing, leads to a Miller (1977)-type capital structure equilibrium wherein each firm within an industry faces an indeterminate debt level. However, at the aggregate-industry level, corporations act as financial intermediaries to generate cross-sectional capital structure patterns across industries, despite the fact that rents associated with financial intermediation services dissipate in equilibrium for any particular firm. Additional implications are drawn for observed cross-sectional and time-series regularities in capital structure.     

中国贸易结构与生产结构偏离的原因分析

从长期的经济发展进程来看，贸易结构与生产结构应呈现高度的相关性，至少在长期的变化方向上保持一定的趋同性。但是，在我国制成品贸易结构的变化和制造业生产结构的变化上看不出任何趋同的倾向，反而出现了两种结构明显偏离的情况。对这种反常现象，章从三个方面分析了可能导致该种偏离的原因。     

Valuing Fixed-Income Options and Mortgage-Backed Securities with Alternative Term Structure Models

To value mortgage-backed securities and options on fixed-income securities, it is necessary to make assumptions regarding the term structure of interest rates. We assume that the multi-factor fixed parameter term structure model accurately represents the actual term structure of interest rates, and that the values of mortgage-backed securities and discount bond options derived from such a term structure model are correct. Differences in the prices of interest rate derivative securities based on single-factor term structure models are therefore due to pricing bias resulting from the term structure model. The price biases that result from the use of single-factor models are compared and attributed to differences in the underlying models and implications for the selection of alternative term structure models are considered.     

Capital structure,equity ownership and firm performance

This paper investigates the relationship between capital structure, ownership structure and firm performance using a sample of French manufacturing firms. We employ non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods to empirically construct the industry’s ‘best practice’ frontier and measure firm efficiency as the distance from that frontier. Using these performance measures we examine if more efficient firms choose more or less debt in their capital structure. We summarize the contrasting effects of efficiency on capital structure in terms of two competing hypotheses: the efficiency-risk and franchise-value hypotheses. Using quantile regressions we test the effect of efficiency on leverage and thus the empirical validity of the two competing hypotheses across different capital structure choices. We also test the direct relationship from leverage to efficiency stipulated by the Jensen and Meckling (1976) agency cost model. Throughout this analysis we consider the role of ownership structure and type on capital structure and firm performance.     

企业利润结构的特征与质量分析

本文从利润结构特征的角度,探讨对利润质量的认识问题。提出高质量的利润结构应具有利润结构与企业发展战略的符合性、主营业务的核心性、利润自身结构的协调性、利润结构与资产结构的匹配性、利润结构与对应的现金流量结构的趋同性等特征。     

Investor protection and capital structure: International evidence

Institutions, environments, and firm characteristics are important determinants of capital structure. From a sample of firms across 45 countries, we find that investor protection plays an important role in the determinants of capital structure: firms in countries with better creditor protection have higher leverage, while firms in countries where shareholder rights are better protected use more equity funds. The other differences in institutions and environments also explain the cross-sectional variation in the aggregate capital structure across counties. Furthermore, firm characteristics identified by previous studies, as correlated in a cross-section with capital structure in developed markets, are similarly correlated in the present sample of countries. The evidence presented herein indicates that institutional differences are as important as firm characteristics in determining capital structure.     

我国证券投资基金业的结构、行为及绩效研究

我国基金业的市场结构正由寡占型向竞争型转变，这对规范和完善我国基金业的市场行为起了一定的积极作用。但是，本文通过实证研究发现，政府管制性壁垒和不合理的费率制度在我国基金公司带来高额利润的同时，并没有给投资者带来相应的投资回报；传统的有效结构假说和共谋假说对我国的基金业均不成立，而修正的有效结构假说能较好地反映我国基金业的市场绩效与市场结构之间的相关关系，本文最后提出了相关建议。     

Ownership structure and risk in publicly held and privately owned banks

Using detailed ownership data for a sample of European commercial banks, we analyze the link between ownership structure and risk in both privately owned and publicly held banks. We consider five categories of shareholders that are specific to our dataset. We find that ownership structure is significant in explaining risk differences but mainly for privately owned banks. A higher equity stake of either individuals/families or banking institutions is associated with a decrease in asset risk and default risk. In addition, institutional investors and non-financial companies impose the riskiest strategies when they hold higher stakes. For publicly held banks, changes in ownership structure do not affect risk taking. Market forces seem to align the risk-taking behavior of publicly held banks, such that ownership structure is no longer a determinant in explaining risk differences. However, higher stakes of banking institutions in publicly held banks are associated with lower credit and default risk.     

Debt maturity structure and the 1997 Asian financial crisis

The paper investigates the effects of firm-specific and country-specific characteristics, and the 1997 Asian financial crisis on the debt maturity structure of firms in the Asia Pacific region. The results indicate that firms in this region have a target optimal debt maturity structure, and the maturity structure decision of a firm is driven by both its own characteristics and the economic environment. They also reveal that the crisis had significant effect on firm's debt maturity structure and their determinants.     

资本结构选择偏好、成长性与公司绩效

本文通过基于不同资本结构选择偏好和成长性分类对上市公司资本结构和绩效的关系进行研究,研究发现:我国上市公司资本结构与绩效整体呈负相关;考虑内生性基础上,资本结构对绩效的负面影响提高了;不同负债水平下,资本结构对绩效的影响存在显著差异,且负债水平越高,资本结构对公司绩效的影响越大;在不同成长性水平下,资本结构与绩效都是负相关的,且成长性越低负面影响越大。     

Factor-product markets and firm's capital structure: A literature review

We present an overview of the literature that links capital structure and factor-product markets. These studies relate some elements of the modern financial theory to the stakeholder theory, industrial organization, and firms' strategic management. Three main points are highlighted. First, the relevant role of non-financial stakeholders in capital structure design. Second, the interactions between capital structure and market structure. Third, the two-direction effect between the firm's capital structure and its strategic behavior in product markets. Our study aims to build an index for the existing works to guide researchers for new ideas and possible advances.     

房价与产业结构升级间存在合理区间吗?——基于高级化与合理化双重视角

依据长三角41个地级市2008—2019年平衡面板数据，运用IV-GMM方法，系统考察房价对产业结构升级的影响及作用机制。结果表明：房价与产业结构高级化与合理化间存在合理区间，城市科技创新水平和基础设施水平是房价影响产业结构升级的作用机制。异质性分析显示，房价对产业结构合理化的影响在不同层级城市间存在差异性。鉴于此，地方政府应在房价与产业结构升级的合理区间内，因势利导，因城施策，实施房地产宏观调控措施，助推产业结构升级。     

上市公司股权结构与经营绩效的实证分析

股权结构与公司经营绩效之间的关系一直是国内外学者在理论和实践上争论的问题。股权结构是决定公司治理结构的基础,而公司治理效率的高低最终表现在公司经营绩效上。从股权所有制构成和股权集中度两个方面对我国上市公司的股权结构与经营绩效的实证分析表明,股权结构与经营绩效之间存在非常密切的内在联系。     

New Keynesian Macroeconomics and the Term Structure

This article complements the structural New Keynesian macro framework with a no-arbitrage affine term structure model. Whereas our methodology is general, we focus on an extended macro model with unobservable processes for the inflation target and the natural rate of output that are filtered from macro and term structure data. We find that term structure information helps generate large and significant parameters governing the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Our model also delivers strong contemporaneous responses of the entire term structure to various macroeconomic shocks. The inflation target shock dominates the variation in the "level factor" whereas monetary policy shocks dominate the variation in the "slope and curvature factors."     

上海金融产业结构优化布局与调整

在金融业发展过程中逐步形成了不同层次的金融产业群，其基本结构是：核心金融产业——辅助金融产业——支撑金融产业。尽管上海已形成金融产业结构雏形，但表现出比较明显的核心金融产业超前发展、辅助金融产业和支撑金融产业相对落后的跛足状态。上海国际金融中心建设需要有一个完整、健全、稳固、协调、发达的金融产业结构布局，以金融产业发展规划为抓手进行金融产业结构优化调整是当务之急。     

中国的经济增长、需求约束与税收结构

在我国目前的经济增长中,出现了投资需求过热而消费需求不足的结构性失衡状况。为此,可以把税收结构引入汉森-萨缪尔森模型,来研究税收结构对投资和消费的影响。通过实证研究发现,在税收结构中,流转税(间接税)比重的增加对投资增长有激励作用,而对边际消费倾向没有显著影响;所得税和其他税(代表了直接税)比重的增加,有利于抑制投资和过快的经济增长,相反,可以提高边际消费倾向,从而促进消费。