大陆居民赴台湾自由行旅游流网络分析及演化研究

随着人们旅游消费能力逐渐增强，对旅游品质的要求越来越高，自由行已经成为人们主要出游方式之一。文章以大陆居民赴台湾自由行为对象，采用数据挖掘技术采集我国最大旅游分享社区网站2009年以来的台湾自由行行程信息，构建了细粒度的旅游流有向网络，并使用社会网络理论进行分析。研究表明，该网络属于无标度网络，网络规模为2656，但平均路径只有4.3，网络密度较低，节点的度分布满足幂律分布，网络核心区与边缘区互动较少。按照时间顺序构建旅游流网络，研究网络的演化并分析其演化动力，发现网络规模、连接数量都与行程数量近似于比例增长，网络演化过程中新增加的节点优先链接网络中的明星节点。文章首次从网络演化的角度使用社会网络理论研究旅游流，丰富和拓展了旅游流研究内容。     

生态旅游影响下女性居民社会网络的规模、连接与结构——以武陵源世界自然遗产地为例

以武陵源世界遗产地社区女性居民社会网络作为研究对象,通过问卷调查法和半结构访谈法,对武陵源区袁家界村、龙尾巴村和马儿山村女性居民采取抽样问卷、滚雪球式访谈等方法,进行定量数据与定性分析相结合的研究,对网络规模、网络中心性和网络密度的数据进行分析发现,武陵源世界自然遗产地不同位置社区女性居民的社会网络规模、社会网络连接和社会网络结构均存在明显差异,表明生态旅游的参与程度与女性居民的社会网络存在高度相关性,直接影响社会网络规模、连接和结构。生态旅游影响下女性居民的社会网络存在以下特征：（1）女性居民社会交往范围逐步扩大,社会网路规模明显增加;（2）女性居民社会关系逐渐多元化,社会网络关系连接日益丰富;（3）女性居民获得了异质性信息和资源,社会网络结构渐趋稳定;（4）女性居民旅游增权权益明显,推动女性社会网络不断优化。     

Intellectual connections in tourism studies

This paper looks at intellectual connections in tourism studies through a co-citation analysis of its source knowledge. Reference sources from articles in Annals of Tourism Research are analyzed to describe source subject clustering and evolution over the last two decades. The subject clustering, connections and evolutions of twelve major source knowledge domains (namely, authenticity, tourist experiences, tourism planning, resident attitudes, tourism impacts, tourism area lifecycle, consumer behavior, backpacker tourism, performance approach, paradigms in tourism, dark tourism, and mobility) are visualized, described and discussed by four lustra (1998–2002, 2003–2007, 2008–2012, and 2013–2017). Implications of these source knowledge connections and evolutions for tourism studies are then reflected, and limitations of this research are also acknowledged.     

Development and transformation of collaborative networks in events

This study examines the mechanisms by which and the reasons that leaders of non-profit organizations transform interorganizational collaborative networks through event attendance. Drawing from a two-wave survey, this study examines the interorganizational networks of 30 individuals who participated in both waves, along with the reported activities of 121 individuals who participated in the second wave of the survey. This mixed methods study found that events transformed participants’ weak ties into strong ties and promoted development of collaborative networks. Further, the study found that participants’ motivations for attending the event and following up with contacts afterward focused on sharing resources and deepening connections. Implications for understanding how events promote formation and transformation of collaborative networks are discussed.     

Tourism communities and social ties: the role of online and offline tourist social networks in building social capital and sustainable practice

Mobile connectivity enables the adoption of new ways to connect with social networks which are changing how we might, and could, seek support. In the tourism domain we increasingly blend online and offline presence to engage with social networks in the spatial location, at a distance and across time. This paper explores the forms of community that exist in physical tourism contexts, contexts not previously analysed through a community lens, and explores how mobile technology is creating connections within and beyond existing social networks. It examines how sustainable tourism can be enhanced by mobile connectivity through new space–time practices and using ephemeral interpersonal relationships to harness niche groups to create bottom-up social systems interested in sharing experiences, ideas and resources. Special attention is given to the concept of gelling socialities which proposes a less ridged network structure, and to the need to understand the increasingly liquid social dynamics of mobile social interactions. The paper adds to the theories surrounding community, social ties and tourism's value to society. It draws on data from in-depth interviews undertaken while designing and testing a collaborative travel app. It contributes to growing research into the new technologies increasingly available for sustainable tourism marketing and implementation.     

Knowledge mapping of sharing accommodation: A bibliometric analysis

This study aims to examine the current state and knowledge progress on sharing accommodation, as well as identify knowledge gaps that provide implications for future research. 639 articles in Web of Science are examined through bibliometric analysis, including co-citation analysis, collaboration network analysis and cluster analysis. Findings reveal a dynamic flow of widening topics, the emergence of influential research institutions and scholars, and the dominant academic journals from tourism and hospitality but overspreading to other fields such as business & economics and environmental science. Clusters of research themes are identified, including the dynamic evolution of concepts, consumer behaviour from the perspective of guests and hosts, business models, impacts, spatial & temporal evolution, and regulation. The dynamic evolution of topics and the integrated framework reveal some knowledge gaps. The study contributes to existing literature by providing an intuitive and synthesised understanding of knowledge structure in this field and directions for future research.     

Policy communities,networks and issue cycles in tourism destination systems

This paper demonstrates how concepts derived from policy community, policy network and issues management theories can be used to understand the roles, activities and interactions of government, corporate and pressure group stakeholders engaged in tourism policy, planning and management in destination contexts. It shows the relevance and utility of an “integrated issue lifecycle approach” to trace the evolution of tourism policy, planning and destination management within specific destination contexts. The application of this approach is demonstrated through a case analysis of the tourism policy and planning system that underpins the destination system of Byron Bay, a significant domestic and international destination on the East Coast of Australia. The underlying premise adopted for this study is that the examination of the antecedents of tourism policy and planning processes, within particular destination contexts, can lead to an understanding of the driving values and ideas that have led to contemporary tourism policy issues and problems.     

The Twin Landscapes of Waitomo: Tourism Network and Sustainability through the Landcare Group

This paper examines the management and coordination of a tourism destination stakeholder group, the Waitomo Caves Landcare Group. The Waitomo Caves destination context is unique in that its images and attractions occur underground and yet its long-term sustainability depends upon the aboveground land practices that occur within the broader catchment area. The Waitomo Caves Landcare Group was formed to protect and conserve this critical resource upon which the community is economically dependent. This paper illustrates network theory, offering an alternative perspective for understanding interdependent stakeholder groups. It focuses specifically on the informal coordination mechanisms that structure networks. The structure of the network, relational connections, and structural embeddedness are illustrated as key propositions that contribute to this process.     

‘A Whole New World’: Mothers' Technologically Mediated Leisure

This study explored the roles of an online social networking site called Momstown.ca as a form of technologically mediated leisure in mothers' experiences of online connections. Active interviews with 22 members of Momstown.ca revealed that mothers encounter limiting ideologies of motherhood reinforced through the separation of the public and private spheres. This separation constructs mothers' experiences as less visible, less socially relevant, and confined within private spaces. Through mothers' technologically mediated leisure, the public and private spheres were blurred and ideologies of motherhood were both reinforced and resisted. Mothers demonstrated distinct social dynamics through their mediated leisure suggesting the cyberfeminist potential for transformations in public discourse and private practice that may uniquely contribute to alleviating the contemporary challenges of mothers' increased social isolation and an anxiety-inducing culture.     

Evolution of international tourist flows from 1995 to 2018: A network analysis perspective

Tourist arrivals and tourism revenues have been extensively studied to evaluate international tourist flows, whereas the structure and evolution of these flows have received less attention. Based on international tourist arrival data from 221 countries/regions during the period 1995–2018, this study applies network analysis to explore the structure and evolution of international tourist flows, and the roles and functions of countries/regions in the international tourist flow network. The results of this study reveal that the network density of international tourist flows is increasing. Countries/regions in Europe, East Asia and North America generally occupy a significantly important position within the international tourist flow network, especially Germany and China. Those geographically close countries/regions demonstrate the same or similar roles and positions in international tourism. This study has significant implications for tourist destination management and marketing.     

沿海地区传统渔村产业转型类型及影响因素研究

产业转型是传统渔村突破发展瓶颈的关键过程,也是实现渔村产业振兴的必由之路。受乡村统计数据不足的长期影响,传统研究通常采用居民收入构成等指标间接衡量乡村产业转型发展过程,具有一定的局限性。本研究基于乡村产业转型理论,采用企业属性数据构建传统渔村产业发展指数评价指标体系,以福建省沿海地区22个渔村作为研究对象,探讨传统渔村产业转型过程、类型及影响因素。研究发现：1989—2020年,福建省传统渔村产业转型可以分为初期、中期和后期3个阶段,各阶段企业数量和规模持续增长,无主导产业型渔村逐步消失,且渔村主导产业呈现逐级递进特征;按产业转型特征划分,约60%的渔村属于待转型,已转型渔村占比仅为31.8%,未转型渔村面临难转型的困境;传统渔村产业转型主要受资源（渔业资源）和市场（人口规模）因素共同影响和作用,政策因素的强化和环境因素的优化也有利于推动渔村产业进一步转型。本研究结论可为沿海地区传统渔村产业转型发展提供决策参考。     

Ecosophy and tourism: Rethinking a mountain resort

This paper explores how an ecosophically inspired tourism strategy could enhance a Scottish mountain recreational site threatened by climate change. Drawing on qualitative data, the paper focuses on three research questions concerning: the impact of current infrastructure and management strategies on tourist experiences; tourists’ current interpretations and desires; and how the notion of an ecosophically informed tourist attraction might be realised in the light of these experiences, interpretations and desires. Conclusions indicate that the site is a long way from being an ecosophically inspired tourism resort which might foster an engagement with nature. Insights are provided as to how this might be achieved. Critical to the paper is a consideration of how the ‘packaging’ of tourist experiences militates against a meaningful personal connection with the mountain environment.     

Political connections,guanxi and adoption of CSR policies in the Chinese hotel industry: Is there a link?

This research note examines the existence of a potential relationship between the political connections possessed by senior Chinese hotel managers and their adoption of corporate socially responsible (CSR) policies in the Chinese hotel industry. Given (a) China’s Green Hotel policy and (b) a broader context where, it is argued political connections and guanxi are a means by which the State seeks to advance desired economic reforms and counter corruption practice, it is suggested that those hotels with better political connections may show evidence of higher levels of awareness and adoption of CSR policies. The data are derived from a usable sample of 404 senior hotel managers. The findings show a positive relationship between the variables of ‘political connectedness’ and ‘CSR adoption’ in areas relating to environmental and philanthropic action, but less of a relationship in other CSR areas such as human resource management and guest relationships. The implications for future research are discussed.     

“失海”渔民旅游生计转型影响因素与应对策略

休闲渔业是“失海”渔民生计转型的重要方向之一。探究由“渔”转“游”的生计转型,对重构“人-渔”关系具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本研究以推拉理论模型和可持续生计框架为基础,分析象山县“失海”渔民旅游生计转型的影响因素,探讨渔民如何基于自身生计资本选择转型应对策略。研究发现,渔业生计模式中自然资本功能变化、人力资本变迁、物质资本升级更迭、文化资本失效形成的推力和旅游生计模式中政策性便利、工作环境改善、家庭关系优化、海洋情结维护形成的拉力是“失海”渔民旅游生计转型的主导影响因素;“失海”渔民生计资本构成要素包括自然资本、人力资本、物质资本、社会资本、金融资本和心理资本,其中,“心理资本”缺位是渔民旅游生计转型的重要障碍;依据生计资本占有类型与数量,“失海”渔民旅游生计转型表现为回避型、尝试型、专注型和变革型4种应对策略。本研究拓展了生计资本理论应用场景,验证了“失海”渔民通过旅游实现生计转型的可行性与独特价值。     

The effect of atmosphere on customer engagement in upscale hotels: An application of S-O-R paradigm

Research suggests that atmosphere plays an important role in creating emotional connections between a hotel customer and the hotel and that these connections lead to improved customer satisfaction and customer engagement. The purpose of this research is to identify some of the atmosphere elements within a hotel that might enable customers to better engage with the hotel. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the relationships. Social and room design were found to be significant antecedents to customer satisfaction. The research also found that while satisfied customers were more likely to promote the hotel to others through WOM behavior, they had fewer suggestions for improvement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed as well.     

Complexity traits and dynamics of tourism destinations

This paper is rooted in network science and contributes to filling two gaps, developing multiple case studies in order i) to measure the complex structure of tourism destination and ii) to explore its evolution over time, by mapping turning points. The findings put forward ten new analyses, allowing the research team to test two hypotheses: i) concerning the complex structure, the tendency of tourism destinations to remain far from the chaos threshold, ii) concerning turning points, the ability of different destinations to show also different evolution through time. The paper uses the Horizontal Visibility Graph Algorithm and applies it to a sample of ten tourism destinations in the second leading Italian tourism region per size: Trentino-Alto Adige. Findings confirm both hypotheses. Limitations and research implications are drawn.     

Exploring the emotional geography of the leisure time physical activity space with mothers of young children

Many women experience the transition to motherhood as a disconnection from the embodied and emotional self due to the demands articulated through contemporary discourses of motherhood. Using a qualitative approach, this paper explores the everyday emotional geographies of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), the emotions experienced, the physical and metaphorical spaces created, and the connections to embodied selves of mothers with young children. The findings indicate that despite discourses of intensive mothering, immobilising emotions and overwhelming tiredness, some women not only created a space for LTPA in their busy lives but were able to create connections between body, space and emotions. These connections and the emotions evoked were largely associated with spaces outside of the home. Understanding how women define and use these spaces, and negotiate and transform the self, can allow us to explore the diversity of women’s experiences of physical activity and their concepts of LTPA as ‘personal space’.     

What determines international tourist arrivals in India?

Using data for 18 major tourist originating countries to India from 2001 to 2015, this study examines the major determinants of international tourist arrivals in India. The results indicate that past experiences of the tourists, per capita income in the tourist originating country, relative costs of living between India and the country of origin, and the level of infrastructure development in India are key determinants of international tourist arrivals in India. Furthermore, both transportation and communication infrastructure are important in attracting tourists to India. In particular, evidence suggests that availability of road and air network and telephone connections has favourable impacts on international tourist arrivals in India. These results are robust to the inclusion of additional variables. These results have important policy implications.     

The transpitality industry

Hotel operations can be usefully viewed as part of a larger system, the transportation-hospitality, or transpitality industry. The two service industries concerned are inextricably linked. There is already some cooperation between the two, but this paper argues that closer cooperation may well be possible and potentially profitable. Linkages discussed include those through computer data banks, the use of network models, common planning, and the services provided by either arm of the industry to ease the strain of travel for the consumer.     

疫情影响下全球邮轮网络格局与重构

新冠疫情对全球邮轮旅游业产生了严重的影响,改变了邮轮网络的地理空间格局。本文主要分析了疫情前期、疫情初期和疫情后期3个阶段的邮轮网络格局和空间特征,研究发现：（1）疫情前期,邮轮网络呈现出全球性的线状分布格局;（2）疫情初期,邮轮网络呈点状分布,在区域层面、国家层面和港口层面具有显著的集聚性特征;在企业层面,因企业船队规模的大小差异,邮轮网络分别呈点状散布和集聚分布;中国-东亚区域邮轮网络呈现出空白化特征,主要源于出入境管理和港口布局的差异。（3）疫情后期,全球邮轮经历了尝试性复航到部分复航,邮轮网络由单一区域到多区域的渐进变化。最后,基于疫情发展和邮轮网络演进特征,从未复航区域和已复航区域两个方面,重点讨论了东亚、澳新等区域邮轮网络可能的重构格局和已复航区域邮轮网络未来的扩展变化,以期为后疫情时代邮轮运营商的网络组织、全球邮轮网络的演进提供参考和借鉴。