旅游业碳排放计量与生态效率评价

气候与旅游关系的研究是当前国际旅游研究中的重要课题,且逐步由气候变化对旅游业的影响转变为旅游业对气候变化贡献的研究.政府、专家学者以及民众已经意识到旅游业不仅是气候变化的受害者,而且也是贡献者之一.全球气候变化在纷繁复杂的国际政治、经济和环境问题中也一直备受关注.在2015年9月举行的历史性首脑会议上联合国193个会员国一致通过了《2030年可持续发展议程》.2015年11月联合国《气候变化框架公约》第21次会议200个缔约方一致同意通过全球气候变化的新协议《巴黎协议》,它为2020年后全球应对气候变化行动作出了安排,开始了新一轮减缓温室效应的全球行动.     

旅游业能源需求与二氧化碳排放研究进展

人类利用能源导致温室气体排放量的持续增加是全球气候变化的直接驱动力。旅游开发、旅游活动及旅游业发展引起的温室气体排放是旅游业驱动气候变化的重要因素,同时也是发展旅游业主要的环境影响结果之一。随着旅游业的蓬勃发展,旅游业对环境和气候变化的影响被相关国际组织和社会各界所关注,旅游业能源需求与二氧化碳排放研究成为近5年来旅游研究领域的热点。国外研究综述表明,目前已识别旅游业能耗、排放的重点领域及结构;在旅游业能源消耗与二氧化碳排放的定量估算研究与情景分析方面形成初步结论。对不同类型旅游交通方式、住宿方式及旅游活动的单位能耗和排放强度等关键性参数取得一般性认识,并识别了明显的国别、地区及不同部门之间的差异。基本形成体系化的节能减排政策措施。基于国内外旅游业能源需求与二氧化碳排放的结构与途径、测算、预测与情景分析及节能减排对策与措施等方面对比研究,作者指出未来国内研究应重点加强旅游交通和住宿业等重点领域能源需求与排放的定量实证研究,加强旅游业能源需求与排放的预测分析和情景研究,加快推进旅游业气候政策研究,切实提高旅游业应对气候变化和节能减排的研究水平,提高政策措施针对性和可操作性,以期为我国旅游业节能减排、应对气候变化提供科学依据。     

国际旅游地理的最新进展

长期以来,人们都认为旅游业是极富韧性的产业。在过去几十年中,旅游业虽然遭受了许多打击,但是依然呈现增长的态势。国际旅游地理研究也呈现蓬勃发展的态势。2020年以来的全球新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对旅游业产生了巨大的影响,旅游地理研究也发生了相应的改变。本文对近十年来旅游地理学研究的主要领域进行了回顾,探讨在Covid-19影响之下,该学科于未来几十年中主要关注的问题。本文指出即便在全球疫情的严峻形势下,旅游地理方面长期关注的许多关键问题仍然具有重要的现实意义,例如旅游的影响、作用及其与可持续发展目标的关系,旅游与气候变化,近几十年及未来几十年旅游的地理尺度变化等。疫情影响下,旅游地理会更多地关注如何实现“更好的旅游业”、迅速崛起的旅游服务数字化和社交媒体对旅游业的影响以及旅游业的韧性。从与地理学的其他分支学科相比被边缘化,这场全球疫情以多种方式表明,休闲和旅游业从来都不是边缘产业,而是一个重要的经济产业,它不仅有助于人们的社会福祉,也有助于提升人们的幸福感。     

物候学在旅游地理理论与实践中的应用基础和前景

在20世纪80年代应用地理大发展中应运而生的旅游地理学,因发展历程尚短、理论方法体系不十分健全和完善,对持续快速发展的旅游业支撑乏力,迫切需要从相邻学科吸收养分。物候学与旅游地理学交叉性质明显,可多方面支撑其发展。本文系统梳理了物候学对旅游业的学科支撑作用、具体实践应用领域、服务于旅游业高质量发展的6个维度以及气候变化对物候旅游资源和相关行业的影响。主要结论有：（1）物候概念有助于系统整合旅游系统中自然、人文和社会要素的相关旅游资源,而物候学应用亦可有效提升区域旅游业的服务支持子系统、交通子系统以及医疗健康子系统的效用;（2）物候学在旅游业发展中的实践应用主要涉及利用植物季相进行景观设计、观赏季划分与观赏期预报、体验类生态旅游活动的时间规划、花粉浓度预报与冰雪灾情预警以及旅游线路设计五大方面;（3）物候学可在要素、行业、过程、时空、方位和部门6个维度上服务于旅游业的高质量发展;（4）物候旅游资源和相关产业对于气候变化响应敏感,相关研究人员在未来应注重气候变化对其的风险影响研究,深入分析游客感知、行为反应所受影响,并积极参与中长期产业发展规划以及行业报告编制。从学科发展和产业应用的角度讲,物候学可为旅游学的研究提供自然科学的理论支撑,也为当今气候变化背景下旅游业的可持续发展提供科学指导。     

境外旅游业碳排放研究综述

随着全球“低碳经济”热潮的掀起,旅游业作为减碳的重要部门,其碳排放问题成为全球关注的焦点之一.文章立足旅游碳排放视角,对国外关于旅游业三大主体碳排放的影响、旅游业碳排放的公众认知、旅游碳足迹测度、碳抵消目标及具体措施等研究进行了系统梳理,并据此构建了旅游业碳排放的研究框架,提出旅游碳足迹测度及碳减排等方面值得进一步探讨的问题,深入揭示了国外相关研究动态,并为我国旅游业低碳化发展提供一定的借鉴.     

世界关注"新亚洲",中国旅游研究国际化——"新亚洲改变世界旅游国际研讨会"综述

2006年8月在中国召开的"新亚洲改变世界旅游国际研讨会",集中讨论了亚洲的经济、地理政治和社会的动态发展,以及这些变化对全球旅游的影响,将对中国、亚洲乃至世界旅游业和旅游研究的发展产生重要影响.     

低碳旅游:促进生态文明建设与节能减排的可持续旅游形式

正近20多年来,可持续旅游已成为各国政府与国际组织极力支持和推崇的旅游发展理念和行动。随着绿色经济、生态经济与低碳经济等可持续经济发展形式的相继出现,绿色旅游、生态旅游与低碳旅游也陆续成为发展可持续旅游的重要形式。发展低碳旅游是旅游业应对全球气候变化与能源安全、生态文明建设与产业节能减排的战略选择,它以可持续发展与低碳发展理念为指导,采用低碳技术与材料,合理利用资源,实现旅游业的节能减排与社会、生态、经济综合效益最大化的可持续旅游形式。一、低碳旅游是促进生态文明建设的可持续旅     

旅游学科研究中实践调查的重要性

旅游科学研究和旅游业发展相互影响,科学研究必须从实践中不断汲取营养。作为一个经济———社会———环境的复杂适应系统,旅游系统具有非线性相关、阈值效应、历史依赖和多重可能结果等特征。多种要素相互作用过程中,任何一个外部的干扰都可能使系统发生重大转变。因此,旅游研究需要多学科联合攻关。其中,基础研究和应用研究中,目前更应该强调基础研究,而基础研究中第一手调查资料和实地跟踪研究显得尤其重要。结合我国国情和旅游科学研究“百家争鸣”的格局,我们不可能要求在该学科各方向领域都有精彩表现,应该寻求中国特色的命题,并对某…     

低碳型旅游景区的构建及现实意义

低碳旅游是旅游业在全球气候变化的大背景下对低碳经济发展的响应．也是旅游业可持续发展的必然趋势．必将引起人们旅游方式的深刻变革。旅游景区作为开展低碳旅游的先验阵地,在产品开发、技术创新、服务管理质量提升等方面应积极探索,建设特色低碳景区,使旅游者获得高质量的低碳旅游体验。     

国际旅游信息化研究

近年来,信息科技与旅游业的协作进展显著,信息科技在旅游的运作和管理等应用上愈来愈普及.自1980年起,国际旅游研究的学者一致认同信息科技的出现将改变旅游业的惯例、策略和整个行业的结构(Buhalis&Law,2008).随着信息科技迅速发展,应运而生的计算机预订系统(Computer Reservation Systems)、全球分销系统(Global Distribution Systems),以及互联网(Internet)在旅游业的逐渐普及,更进一步奠定了"旅游信息化"的重要性.     

Tourism and climate change: An international perspective

This paper addresses the implications of climate change for tourism through a survey of national tourism and meteorological organisations. While climate change may have far‐reaching consequences for tourism, it is shown that while most respondents felt that climate is important to their country's tourism industry, very few were aware of climate change research specifically related to tourism. Almost half felt climate change is or could become a significant issue in their country but almost no climate change publications with direct bearing on tourism are available. It is concluded that climate is an important determinant of tourism, and that global climate change may create new challenges, and opportunities, for the tourism industry. However, more awareness, research, and policy analysis are necessary to reduce uncertainties, further understanding, assess implications and enable the tourism industry to adapt to changing circumstances.     

Climate Change and Tourism: An Overview

This paper presents an overview of the relationship between tourism and global climate change. On the one hand, the tourism industry may be one of the greatest economic victims of climate change. Yet, on the other hand, the broader tourism sector is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. This study traces the evolution of academic interest in tourism and climate change. Growth in this area has tracked growth in interest in climate change in general, with tourism-related papers representing consistently about 0.5% of the published research on climate change.     

Responding to Climate Change: Australian Tourism Industry Perspectives on Current Challenges and Future Directions

Like other destinations in the Asia Pacific region, Australia's tourism industry is vulnerable to the impacts and implications of climate change. The country's reliance on its natural “product”, which is potentially under threat, coupled with the potential for changing consumer demand patterns, particularly in long-haul markets, should be concerning for the tourism industry. Yet, the tourism industry has been criticised for its short-term, profit orientation and lack of action regarding climate change [Hall, C.M., & Higham, J. (Eds.) (2005). Tourism, recreation and climate change. Clevedon: Channel View Publications; Jenkins, K., & Nicholls, S. (2010). The impacts of climate variability and potential climate change on tourism business in Torbay, England and implications for adaptation. Tourism Analysis, 15(1), 17–30; Viner, D. (2006). Tourism and its interactions with climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 317–415]. However, little empirical research has investigated the tourism industry's perspectives regarding climate change, neither the relative importance of climate change vis-a-vis other challenges facing the sector nor the strategies and actions required by the tourism industry to facilitate adaptation and mitigation strategies. It is against this background that a qualitative study was undertaken with expert representatives from both the public and private sectors of Australia's tourism industry to explore the industry's perspectives on current challenges and future directions with regards to climate change. The findings show that while the industry is aware of the importance of climate change, it is not seen as a pressing issue, particularly in light of the global economic crisis, and there has been little action by the industry in response to climate change. Respondents noted that the tourism industry is largely relying on, and waiting for, government intervention and leadership for the sector with regards to climate change.     

Short-haul city travel is truly environmentally sustainable

With rising interest in and concern about climate change and environmental sustainability, and the significance of the tourism industry worldwide, the impact of tourism-related activities and behaviors on the environment has become a key area of research. In particular, transport related to tourism has come under scrutiny for its contribution to the ecological footprint of tourism of a destination, mostly accounted for by the dominance of air travel. This study contributes to research in this area by identifying the types of travel situations in which tourists make environmentally friendly choices about travel modes and, consequently, which types of tourism destinations should seek to develop and promote in order to minimize the environmental impact of the tourist sector on both an individual destination and global scale.     

Climate change and tourism: Time for environmental skepticism

Tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, despite the fact that it is a highly controversial scientific topic. This research note provides the balance that is missing from the overly alarmist studies on climate change and tourism. Notwithstanding the common notion in the academic tourism literature, recent research provides evidence that the mainstream reports on anthropogenic global warming are vastly exaggerated, and that human-induced greenhouse gas concentrations do not play a substantial role in climate change. In any case, whatever small degree of global warming is likely to occur, its net effects will most likely be positive for humans, plants and wildlife. Consequently, the recommendation to tourism scholars and policymakers is to exercise extra caution in the face of the fashionable belief of dangerous man-made climate change. In light of the current scientific literature, advocating and implementing radical environmental policies are likely to be ineffective, ill-timed and harmful to the tourism industry.     

Climate change and tourism: a scientometric analysis using CiteSpace

The interaction between climate change and tourism has been one of the most critical and dynamic research areas in the field of sustainable tourism in recent years. In this paper, a scientometric analysis of 976 academic publications between 1990 and 2015 related to climate change and tourism is presented to characterize the intellectual landscape by identifying and visualizing the evolution of the collaboration network, the co-citation network, and emerging trends. The results show that the number of publications in this field has increased rapidly and it has become an increasingly interdisciplinary research subject. The most productive authors and institutions in this subject area are in Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand, and European countries. In this paper, we identify the most pressing topics of climate change and tourism research, as represented in the existing literature, which include the consequences of climate change for tourism, necessary adaptations, the vulnerability of the tourism industry, tourist behaviour and demand in response to climate change, and emission reductions in the tourism sector. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of climate change and tourism research to better understand global trends and directions in this field that have emerged over the past 25 years.     

论"旅游目的地"与"旅游过境地"

旅游地的空间竞争与合作是当前学术界颇为关注的一个热点问题.处在同一旅游线路①上的不同旅游地之间产业和产品的空间竞争与合作是区域旅游竞争与合作的典型代表,较少有学者进行研究.本文在回顾以往研究成果的基础上,分析了旅游目的地与旅游过境地在竞争与合作中旅游产业定位和空间布局等重大问题对两地在旅游开发、投资等方面的影响.