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11.
Using a linked employer–employee data set for Germany, this paper analyses wage setting in a cohort of newly founded and other
establishments from 1997 to 2001. While theory provides alternative explanations for higher or lower wages in newly founded
firms, we show empirically that start-ups tend to pay lower wages, ceteris paribus. On average, wages in newly founded establishments
are 8% lower than in similar incumbent firms. This negative wage differential is substantially smaller in eastern than in
western Germany. The wage differential is shown to decline over time as the newly founded firms become more mature. 相似文献
12.
Edward Best Head of Unit European Institute of Public Administration Maastricht The Netherlands Ian Cooper Postdoctoral Fellow Munk Centre for International Studies University of Toronto Canada J. Andrés Faíña Jean Monnet Chair in European Industrial Economics University of Coruña Spain Stefan Voigt Professor for Economic Policy University of Kassel Germany 《Intereconomics》2005,40(4):180-200
The rejection of the treaty establishing a European constitution by French and Dutch voters has thrown the EU into a deep crisis. What developments in the EU contributed to these referenda results? What consequences are to be drawn for the continuation of integration and the integration goal, the governance of the EU-25 and the further planned enlargements? What flaws are there in the present draft constitution and how can these be dealt with? 相似文献
13.
Margareta?E.?Kulessa Sven?Bode Sebastian?Oberthür Jason?Anderson Rainer?Walz Wolfgang?Schade Claus?Doll 《Intereconomics》2007,42(2):64-95
There is now almost universal agreement that climate change, with potentially disastrous consequences, is happening and that
it is contributed to by human activities. This Forum is dedicated to the discussion of various aspects of the European Union's
climate policy, e.g. the EU's future role in the global effort to combat global warming, the efficiency of its climate strategy,
the design of a new rule for sharing the corresponding burdens fairly among member states, and the interrelationships between
the Union's climate policies, on the one hand, and its energy and transport policies, on the other.
* and member of the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU). The author wishes to thank Helen Bicknell (Mainz University
of Applied Sciences), Oliver Deke (WBGU) and Jürgen Schmid (ISET, Department of Efficient Energy Conversion at the University
of Kassel) for their helpful comments.
** This contribution is based on a Jean Monnet Lecture held at Aarhus University on 19 March 2007. The author would like to
thank Harri Kalimo for valuable comments. 相似文献
14.
In order to assess the importance of monetary and financial developments for key macroeconomic variables in the euro area a money demand system for M3 is estimated adopting a structural cointegrating VAR approach. While maintaining a good statistical representation of the data, long-run relationships are based on economic theory. By using generalized response profiles the dynamics of the money demand system is investigated without any further identifying assumptions. Error bounds of the profiles are derived using bootstrap simulations. 相似文献
15.
We study the welfare effect of tax-optimizing portfolio decisions in a life cycle model with unspanned labor income and realization-based capital gain taxation. For realistic parameterizations of our model, certainty equivalent welfare gains from fully tax-optimized portfolio decisions are less than 2% of present financial wealth and lifetime income compared to a heuristic portfolio policy ignoring the taxation of profits (capital gains, interest and dividend payments). Compared to a heuristic portfolio policy that only ignores the realization-based feature of capital gain taxation and instead assumes mark-to-market taxation, these gains are less than 0.5%. That is, our work provides a justification for ignoring taxes in life cycle portfolio choice problems – a wide-spread assumption in that literature. However, if capital gains are forgiven at death (as in the U.S.), investors with strong bequest motives face substantial welfare costs when not tax-optimizing their portfolio decisions towards the end of the life cycle. 相似文献
16.
Since 1920, the thrust of German law on workplace codetermination has changed on a number of occasions. We describe the latest swing of the legislative pendulum—favoring works council formation and competence—and evaluate the case for it. We provide new information on the extent of works councils before reviewing the evidence on their economic effects, focusing on some new results from matched-plant data. If the former evidence points to a codetermination deficit, this shortfall does not appear to have negative consequences for workplace productivity, profitability, and employment. 相似文献
17.
Agricultural trade policies are basically a function of domestic policy considerations which have produced high levels of support in many countries. New policy instruments such as direct payments, which are more demanding in terms of information costs but which distort resource allocation less, are becoming more attractive. Unilateral liberalisation is, however, unlikely. Freer trade is a public good which requires international collective action to be provided. Countries which have a clear-cut trade interest in liberalising markets for commodities they export can play the role of catalyst in international co-ordination. The existence of big players is a favourable factor. Hence, the drift of the Round towards a co-ordination of US-EC interests. Both political economy and trade interest considerations suggest that an agreement reached will have its main impact on crops which are widely traded. The main constraining factor of an agreement on EC and US agriculture will be the discipline it will impose on the use of export subsidies. Agriculture will still not come fully under GATT rules which apply to other sectors, but in the future the CAP will be more constrained by international commitments than in the past. 相似文献
18.
We study fixed price temporary equilibria (with rationing) and sequences of temporary equilibria in a three commodities (goods, labor, bonds) overlapping generations model with endogenous investment. Young consumers, living two periods, work, consume, and buy bonds for financing next period's consumption. New firms, existing for two periods, make a production plan for the next period, taking into account expected rationing, assumed similar to present rationing. The plan determines the amount of goods to buy as capital, financed by bonds. Old firms produce, using labor and the previously bought capital. Different regimes exist and expectations can be self-fulfilling and self-destroying.We are grateful to the referees for helpful comments. 相似文献
19.
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