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91.
The present paper addresses the problem of computing implied volatilities of options written on a domestic asset based on implied volatilities of options on the same asset expressed in a foreign currency and the exchange rate. It proposes an original method together with explicit formulae to compute the at-the-money implied volatility, the smile's skew, convexity, and term structure for short maturities. The method is completely free of any model specification or Markov assumption; it only assumes that jumps are not present. We also investigate how the method performs on the particular example of the currency triplet dollar, euro, yen. We find a very satisfactory agreement between our formulae and the market at one week and one month maturities. 相似文献
92.
This article contributes to the literature on the convergence of financial systems in the euro area by estimating household credit demand in individual countries. Using the ARDL framework advocated notably by Pesaran et al. (1999), the article provides evidence on the convergence of long-run credit demand determinants (interest rates, investment and house prices) in the largest euro area countries, while short run-dynamics remain heterogenous across countries. The article also demonstrates that the equation uncovers demand rather than supply behaviour. 相似文献
93.
Jarosław Kwapień Sylwia Gworek Stanisław Drożdż Andrzej Górski 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2009,4(1):55-72
We analyse structure of the world foreign currency exchange (FX) market viewed as a network of interacting currencies. We
analyse daily time series of FX data for a set of 63 currencies, including gold, silver and platinum. We group together all
the exchange rates with a common base currency and study each group separately. By applying the methods of filtered correlation
matrix we identify clusters of closely related currencies. The clusters are formed typically according to the economical and
geographical factors. We also study topology of weighted minimal spanning trees for different network representations (i.e.,
for different base currencies) and find that in a majority of representations the network has a hierarchical scale-free structure.
In addition, we analyse the temporal evolution of the network and detect that its structure is not stable over time. A medium-term
trend can be identified which affects the USD node by decreasing its centrality. Our analysis shows also an increasing role
of euro in the world’s currency market. 相似文献
94.
This paper examines the relevance of institutional investors’ investment horizon, as reflected in the response of firm investment to internal cash flows. We argue that institutional investors with longer investment horizons have greater incentives and efficiencies to engage in effective monitoring. This improved monitoring mitigates asymmetric information and agency problems, and in turn reduces the wedge between the costs of internal and external funds. As a result, the sensitivity of firms’ investment outlays to internal cash flows decreases in the presence of institutional investors with long-term investment horizons. Using a sample of 8402 US firms over the period 1981–2008, we provide empirical evidence consistent with these arguments. 相似文献
95.
Comparing the Forecasting Performance of Futures Oil Prices with Genetically Evolved Neural Networks
In this paper, a hybrid system combining neural networks and genetic training is designed to forecast future oil prices. The architectural design is that of the multilayer back propagation network that is fed monthly prices for West Texas Intermediate covering the period 1986–2014. The model’s predictions are compared to those of the one, two, three, and four-month futures prices and are evaluated both on their level of accuracy as well as correctness. While accuracy measures the degree of error, correctness tests the model’s ability to predict the direction of the movement. By processing information more efficiently, and identifying patterns that may be ill-defined as a result of pronounced price volatility, this paper aims to improve the accuracy of oil price forecasts. 相似文献
96.
Mahmoud S. El Adeemy 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》1968,19(3):301-315
This paper presents the results of a classification of farming undertaken for the four counties of North Wales.? Essentially a type-of-farming classification results in the subdivision of a large area into regions within which a relatively homogeneous association of factors influence the prevailing types of agriculture. Ideally, a type-of-farming area would consist of all that territory within which the choice of products and the possible combinations of factors tend to be similar. The nature of any classification will depend, however, on the main purpose for which it is made. In the present study this was to group parishes according to the type of agricultural activity occurring within them. A further objective was to map the location of the different farming types and thereby to define the predominant type-of-farming areas in North Wales. Among other uses of this classification is an attempt to calculate the contribution to production of each type of farming in the area. 相似文献
97.
This paper presents a dynamic macroeconomic model that captures key linkages between foreign aid, public investment, growth, and poverty. Public capital is disaggregated into education, core infrastructure, and health. Dutch disease effects associated with aid are accounted for by endogenizing changes in the relative price of domestic goods. The impact of shocks on poverty is assessed through partial elasticities and household survey data. The model is calibrated for Ethiopia and changes in the level of nonfood aid are simulated. The amount by which (nonfood) aid should increase to reach the poverty targets of the Millennium Development Goals is also calculated, under alternative assumptions about the degree of efficiency of public investment. 相似文献
98.
Abdulnasser Hatemi-J Ahdi N. Ajmi Ghassen El Montasser Rangan Gupta 《Applied economics》2016,48(24):2301-2308
Recent studies have shown increasing interest on the relationship between research output and economic growth. The study of such a relationship is not only of theoretical interest, but it can also influence specific policies to improve the quality, and probably the quantity of research output. This article has studied this relationship in G7 countries using the asymmetric panel causality test of Hatemi-J (2011). Our results show that only the UK shows a causal relationship from the output of research to real GDP. However, when the signs of variations are taken into account, there is an asymmetric causality running from negative research output shocks to negative real GDP shocks. 相似文献
99.
We identify fiscal policy shocks in the EU new member states using four different methods. We use panel data techniques to estimate the output response to these shocks. We find that investment and export growth increase after fiscal consolidation and decelerate after fiscal stimulus when the shocks are expenditure‐based. In contrast, private consumption does not respond to fiscal policy shocks. Expenditure‐based fiscal consolidations reduce wages, supporting the view that fiscal consolidation of such composition enhances the competitiveness and profitability of domestic enterprises. In contrast, we do not find evidence of fiscal shocks affecting households' confidence. 相似文献
100.
Najah Attig Sadok El Ghoul Omrane Guedhami Jungwon Suh 《Journal of Business Ethics》2013,117(4):679-694
This study provides evidence on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firms’ credit ratings. We find that credit rating agencies tend to award relatively high ratings to firms with good social performance. This pattern is robust to controlling for key firm characteristics as well as endogeneity between CSR and credit ratings. We also find that CSR strengths and concerns influence credit ratings and that the individual components of CSR that relate to primary stakeholder management (i.e., community relations, diversity, employee relations, environmental performance, and product characteristics) matter most in explaining firms’ creditworthiness. Overall, our results suggest that CSR performance conveys important non-financial information that rating agencies are likely to use in their evaluation of firms’ creditworthiness, and that CSR investments—particularly those that extend beyond compliance behavior to reflect what is desired by society—can lead to lower financing costs resulting from higher credit ratings. 相似文献