浅析我国开放经济条件下国家经济安全的维护

我国自实施改革开放政策以来,经济取得了飞速发展,经济开放是经济发展的重要条件,同时经济安全是我国经济发展的保障,在开放的过程中一定要确保国家经济安全。本文在简要描述我国经济开放现状的基础上,分析经济开放对我国经济安全的危害并提出相应的建议。     

利他行为的经济学解释

利他行为可以分为亲缘利他、互惠利他与纯粹利他三种形式。对前两种利他行为,生物学已经给出了较为圆满的解释,而且,这种解释也是符合经济学原理的。关于纯粹利他,生物学存在着很大争论,至今没有圆满的解释。本文在“合作剩余”和“生物演化稳定策略”(ESS)的基础上,提出一个能够解释地粹利他行为的模型．并利用脑科学的最新研究成果对这一行为内在的激励机制作出了说明。     

转基因食品检测技术的相关研究

基因工程是生物工程的一个重要分支,是在分子水平对基因进行技术改造,将外部基因经体外重组导入至受体细胞中,使基因可以在受体细胞内进行复制、转录与翻译。经过基因技术的不断发展和改造,转入的基因能够稳定遗传,表达出新产物或新性状。转基因食品为人们的生活带来了更多选择,特别是植物性转基因食品的出现。DNA重组技术与细胞融合技术相结合,可以培育出高蛋白、生长速度快的改良植物。但人们对转基因食品的安全问题也更加重视,转基因食品是否真的安全无隐患,还需要深入研究和认证。     

森林保险保费补贴政策林业产出激励效应评估

基于开展森林保险保费补贴政策的23个省(市、自治区)2014—2018年面板数据,在分析正向激励效应与负向抑制效应下的森林保险保费补贴政策产出效应传导机制的基础上,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数与面板数据模型从林业产出视角分别对全国层面、东部地区和中西部地区的森林保险保费补贴政策实施效果进行评估。结果表明:森林保险保费补贴政策存在产出激励效应,且存在1期滞后;同时,森林保险保费补贴对林业产出的促进效果受影响于林业风险,风险水平的上升会抑制保费补贴政策对林业产出的促进作用;森林保险保费补贴政策产出激励效应及林业风险对补贴政策产出激励效应的影响均存在区域差异性。最后,提出实施保费补贴差异化、逐步提升保障水平等建议。     

Rural electrification in Cambodia: does it improve the welfare of households?

This study uses subsamples of socio-economic surveys from 2004 and 2011 to construct village panel data and apply the difference-in-differences (DID) method to examine the impact of rural electrification on household consumption and children’s education in Cambodia at the village level. Conditional on the DID assumption and observed village and household characteristics, rural electrification increased household consumption by approximately 16.6%. This study also finds that higher-quintile households benefited more. Additionally, rural electrification increased boys’ years of schooling completed by 0.85 and girls’ years of schooling completed by 0.62. It also increased the probability of having ever been enrolled in primary school for boys by approximately 9.7% but did not increase the probability of having ever been enrolled for girls.     

Does Tourism Improve the Community’s Well-Being in Marine-Protected Areas?

International Advances in Economic Research -     

企业避税的战略效应——基于避税对企业产品市场绩效的影响研究

自企业避税被纳入公司治理框架以来,已有文献对于企业避税的认识存在明显差异,本文试图从避税对企业产品市场绩效的影响视角,研究避税在企业中的角色。基于我国A股上市公司样本,我们发现,与竞争者相比,企业的所得税避税程度每提高1个标准差,其未来的行业市场份额将增长1.9%。这一结论表明,避税会帮助企业建立竞争优势,从而意味着企业的避税行为具有战略效应。此外,避税的战略效应在融资约束严重的企业更为显著,但避税的战略效应并不受信息透明度、代理冲突与产权性质的影响。最后,避税对产品市场绩效的影响具有一定的持续性。本文从理论与实证上厘清了现有文献的冲突,也有一定的政策性启示。     

The Value of Crowdfunding: An Explanation Based on Demand Uncertainty and Comparison with Venture Capital

This article notes that an advantage of crowdfunding is in its ability to help start-up firms acquire more accurate market demand information regarding new products when compared with venture capital (VC). The whole market of a given product can be conceptualized as being segmented into several, small local markets. VC has a comprehensive knowledge of local markets in general but is prone to noisy aggregate demand information as a result. While crowdfunding investors have intimate knowledge regarding local demand information in their respective locales, they lack knowledge in other local markets. We show that under certain conditions, crowdfunding can provide more accurate demand information and therefore can generate better incentives to entrepreneurs while improving product quality and helping entrepreneurs make correct decisions on whether or not to launch a new product. Therefore, the wisdom of the crowd can be more valuable than the wisdom of the expert.     

Net equity issuance effect in the UK

Net equity issuance (NEI) by firms has predictive power for US stock returns. This paper examines the NEI anomaly for UK stocks, using regression on firm characteristics and sorted portfolios with several factor models. The anomaly generalises to the UK only in part. We confirm the existence of a large NEI effect for small and midsize stocks, but not for large stocks. The repurchase effect, of positive abnormal returns following repurchases, is absent in the UK. We also find that the NEI effect in smaller stocks is not exploitable by investors, allowing for transaction costs.