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51.
This paper uses a price-leadership model of the international vanilla market to study the welfare consequences of alternative pricing policies for Madagascar, the leader, that also controls domestic production through a single-channel marketing system. Econometric estimates of the model are used for simulations of welfare and revenue changes and internal redistribution of income. Results indicate that Madagascar could have gained between 0.9% and 2.6% of GDP per year on average over the period 1981–91 by following optimal pricing policies, and that producers were overtaxed suggesting that political economy considerations played a role in the pricing decisions. 相似文献
52.
Growth and human capital: good data,good results 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
We present a new data set for years of schooling across countries for the 1960–2000 period. The series are constructed from
the OECD database on educational attainment and from surveys published by UNESCO. Two features that improve the quality of
our data with respect to other series, particularly for series in first-differences, are the use of surveys based on uniform
classification systems of education over time, and an intensified use of information by age groups. As a result of the improvement
in quality, these new series can be used as a direct substitute for Barro and Lee’s (2001; Oxford Economic Papers, 3, 541–563)
data in empirical research. In standard cross-country growth regressions we find that our series yield significant coefficients
for schooling. In panel data estimates our series are also significant even when the regressions account for the accumulation
of physical capital. Moreover, the estimated macro return is consistent with those reported in labour studies. These results
differ from the typical findings of the earlier literature and are a consequence of the reduction in measurement error in
the series.
相似文献
53.
This paper develops a framework to nonparametrically test whether discrete-valued irregularly spaced financial transactions data follow a Markov process. For that purpose, we consider a specific optional sampling in which a continuous-time Markov process is observed only when it crosses some discrete level. This framework is convenient for it accommodates the irregular spacing that characterizes transactions data. Under such an observation rule, the current price duration is independent of a previous price duration given the previous price realization. A simple nonparametric test then follows by examining whether this conditional independence property holds. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the asymptotic test has huge size distortions, though a bootstrap-based variant entails reasonable size and power properties in finite samples. As for an empirical illustration, we investigate whether bid–ask spreads follow Markov processes using transactions data from the New York Stock Exchange. The motivation lies on the fact that asymmetric information models of market microstructures predict that the Markov property does not hold for the bid–ask spread. We robustly reject the Markov assumption for two out of the five stocks under scrutiny. Finally, it is reassuring that our results are consistent with two alternative measures of asymmetric information. 相似文献
54.
Marcelo Bianconi 《International Tax and Public Finance》2003,10(1):25-41
This paper presents a two-country dynamic perfect foresight Ricardian model with wealth effects to study the relationship between government spending financed by alternative taxation, the terms of trade and welfare. An increase in domestic government spending financed by a distortionary capital income tax leads the real exchange rate initially to appreciate (a pure demand effect). But along the transitional path an intertemporal terms of trade effect (a supply side effect) operates and the real exchange rate depreciates to a steady state value ultimately higher relative to the initial equilibrium. The welfare of the domestic resident increases due to a reversed immiserizing growth effect. 相似文献
55.
Marcelo Veracierto 《Journal of Monetary Economics》2007,54(4):1213-1229
While several countries have recognized the need of introducing flexibility to their labor markets, there are different ways of doing so. Using a small open economy with tenure-dependent separation taxes, this paper compares introducing a full reform with two partial alternatives: (1) the introduction of temporary contracts, and (2) the elimination of separation costs from all new hires while freezing them on the workers that were hired prior to the reform. The first alternative can achieve a first-best long run outcome but leads to a sharp initial recession. The second alternative generates a similar long run outcome but avoids the recessionary adjustment. 相似文献
56.
57.
Daniel Jimnez Jimnez Juan Gabriel Cegarra‐Navarro Marcelo Gattermann Perin Claudio Hoffmann Sampaio Jorge Bertinetti Lengler 《Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l\u0027Administration》2014,31(2):90-103
We investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial capacities and firm performance. More specifically, we investigate the effects of radical innovation and learning orientation on business performance. We test the effects of entrepreneurial orientation on learning orientation and radical innovation. The results suggest that radical product innovation and companies' orientation to learn have a positive effect on organizational performance. Additionally, we find that entrepreneurial orientation positively influences a firm's capability to learn and innovate. Our findings also show a direct effect of learning orientation on radical innovation, which means that companies with a higher proclivity to learn are more likely to create products and processes, representing a major departure from the state of current knowledge. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
Marcelo Resende 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2015,22(3):379-392
The paper investigates dynamic linkages between entry and exit rates in Brazilian manufacturing in the context of 231 (four-digit) industries during the 1996–2005 period. The empirical analysis focuses on the estimation of a dynamic panel data model for entry and exit rates, and controls for the business cycle and structural characteristics, such as industrial concentration and suboptimal scale. The empirical evidence is partially consistent with a multiplier effect where synergetic factors prevail by exit inducing exit. Evidence partially supports a competition effect that could be related to a selection process favoring efficiency, as exit induces entry. The business cycle control variable and the aforementioned structural variables appear to play no role in delineating entry and exit linkages. The results are similar, although not identical, to previous evidence for developed countries. 相似文献
59.
Marcelo Bianconi 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(4):321-342
I present a dynamic general equilibrium monetary model with domestic and foreign currencies and a traded bond where there is an adjustment cost to switch into foreign currency. The focus is on the short versus long run trade-offs and transitional dynamics of domestic and foreign monetary disturbances as a function of attributes of currencies in utility. The main finding is that short and long run trade-offs and transitional dynamics together with the implied hysteresis property of the equilibrium are critical determinants of the qualitative results of domestic and foreign monetary disturbances in this class of model. 相似文献
60.
Andr Minella Paulo Springer de Freitas Ilan Goldfajn Marcelo Kfoury Muinhos 《Journal of International Money and Finance》2003,22(7):1015
This paper assesses the challenges faced by the inflation-targeting regime in Brazil. The inflation-targeting framework has played a critical role in macroeconomic stabilization. We stress two important challenges: construction of credibility and exchange rate volatility. The estimations indicate the following results: (i) the inflation targets have worked as an important coordinator of expectations; (ii) the Central Bank has reacted strongly to inflation expectations; (iii) there has been a reduction in the degree of inflation persistence; and (iv) the exchange rate pass-through for “administered or monitored” prices is two times higher than for “market” prices. 相似文献