新世纪以来我国FDI外溢效应的俱乐部特征

本文测算了2001-2008年间我国大陆各省区的全要素生产率,进而利用面板门槛模型,以人均GDP为门槛变量,实证检验了FDI与TFP的非线性关系。研究发现,2001-2008年间,我国TFP整体呈上升态势,但TFP水平和增速在地区间不平衡的现象比较突出。FDI的外溢效应呈现俱乐部特征:在经济发达地区,FDI会产生正向的溢出效应,而在欠发达地区FDI则不会产生正向的外溢效应。     

中央银行沟通、实际干预与通货膨胀稳定

近年来,中央银行沟通已成为一种重要的货币政策工具。本文把中央银行沟通因素引入修正的卢卡斯总供给函数,发现加大中央银行沟通力度有利于引导通货膨胀预期,稳定通货膨胀。采用2003-2009年月度数据,利用结构向量自回归方法对中央银行沟通及实际干预在稳定通货膨胀中的作用进行实证研究,主要结论如下:(1)正的中央银行沟通冲击能有效降低通货膨胀预期以及名义通货膨胀率,且时滞短;(2)正的实际干预(包括银行贷款利率、央票利率及货币供应量)冲击,在短期内不但不能降低通货膨胀预期及名义通货膨胀率,反而会加剧通货膨胀,出现"价格之谜"现象。此外,本文对大多数情况下我国中央银行沟通模棱两可的合理性进行了解释。     

Wage posting: evidence from job ads

Abstract Recent studies of search theory examine how employers use a wage‐setting mechanism – either by bargaining or through the posting of a non‐negotiable wage offer in a job ad – to facilitate search. We contribute to this literature by examining wage posting in job ads in the US, the UK, and Slovenia. Despite considerable differences in the incidence of wage posting, employers in all three markets are less likely to post a wage offer when searching for skilled workers. The decision on whether or not to post a wage offer is only weakly related to the outcomes of employers’ search.     

Difference of two ordered observations divided by standard deviation in the case of negatively exponential distribution

Summary The distributions of the difference of two ordered observations in a sample from negatively exponential population are found. The difference is considered in units of standard deviation or of its estimators.

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Zusammenfassung Aus der negativ-exponentialen Grundgesamtheit werden die Verteilungen der Differenz der zwei geordneten Stichprobenfunktionen von der Stichprobe gefunden. Die Differenz wird in den Einheiten der Standardabweichung, bzw. ihrer Sch?tzungen betrachtet.

     

WELFARE EFFECTS OF DISTORTIONARY FRINGE BENEFITS TAXATION: THE CASE OF EMPLOYER‐PROVIDED CARS*

In Europe, many employees receive company cars as fringe benefits induced by taxation. We analyze the welfare effects of company car taxation for the Netherlands by estimating to what extent car expenditure and private car travel change when employees receive a company car. Tax treatment of company cars generates an annual welfare loss, ranging from €600 to €780 per company car, mainly due to a shift toward more expensive cars (from €420 to €600), but also due to increased private travel (€180). For the whole of Europe, the annual welfare loss is about €12 billion.     

Social communication and discrimination: a video experiment

We report on an experiment using video technology to study effects of communication on donations to and discrimination between potential receivers. The experimental design eliminates strategic factors by allowing two receivers to unilaterally communicate with an anonymous dictator before the latter decides on her gifts. Through the use of three communication setups (none, audio, and audio-visual) we analyze purely social effects of communication. A silent video channel leads to discrimination between potential receivers based on impression formation, but does not affect average levels of donations. When the auditory channel is added, average donations increase. The social processes invoked by the visual and audio channels are heterogeneous and communicator-specific but not unsystematic.