TV advertising spillovers and demand for private labels: the case of carbonated soft drinks

The expansion of private labels, or store brands, has transformed consumer choice sets and competition in retail markets, prompting manufacturers to fight back with renewed pricing and product and promotion strategies to forestall further private label expansion. This article examines the spillover effects of television advertising on brand-level consumer demand for carbonated soft drinks (CSDs), including private labels, using a random coefficients logit model with household purchasing and advertising viewing Nielsen data. As in previous work, we find that although brand spillover effects significantly increase demand for CSD brands in the same company and undermine demand facing other manufacturers’ CSD brands, surprisingly, there are positive spillover effects on the demand for private label brands. This indicates that brand advertising is persuasive with respect to manufacturers’ brands but complementary with respect to private labels. Further results show that eliminating television advertising for CSDs would lower aggregate CSD sales as consumers migrate to other beverages, although private labels stand to gain, particularly Wal-Mart brands.     

Flexible Fourier stationary test in purchasing power parity for African countries

This study applies stationary test with a Fourier function proposed by Enders and Lee (2004 Enders, W and Lee, J. 2004. Testing for a unit root with a nonlinear Fourier function, Tuscaloosa, AL, , USA: Working Paper, Department of Economics, Finance and Legal Studies, University of Alabama.  [Google Scholar], 2009 Enders, W and Lee, J. 2009. The flexible Fourier form and testing for unit roots: an example of the term structure of interest rates, Tuscaloosa, AL, , USA: Working Paper, Department of Economics, Finance and Legal Studies, University of Alabama.  [Google Scholar]) to test the validity of long run Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) to assess the nonstationary properties of the real exchange rate for 20 African countries. We find that our approximation has higher power to detect U shaped breaks and smooth breaks than linear method if the true data generating process of exchange rate is in fact a stationary nonlinear process. We examine the validity of PPP from the nonlinear point of view and provide robust evidence clearly indicate that PPP holds true for almost African countries. Our findings point out their exchange rate adjustment is mean reversion towards PPP equilibrium values in a nonlinear way.     

企业更替和生产率增长的效应——基于我国部分竞争性行业的实证研究

21世纪以来,我国部分竞争性行业的企业更替和生产率增长促进了国民经济的健康发展,而行业内部的竞争实际是不同生产率的企业竞争,竞争过程中生产率较低的企业退出,生产率增长较快企业取代生产率增长较慢企业的市场份额,企业更替的过程不断重复,使得行业生产率保持不断增长的趋势.我们用近年来相关行业的数据研究表明,企业更替不仅通过选择效应,而且通过激励效应促进了行业生产率的增长.然而,随着进入潮的逐渐消退,选择效应的作用有所降低;但企业更替主要通过选择效应中的动态转移效应和激励效应推动行业生产率不断增长.     

国家知识产权政策体系建设之语境与维度--基于促进自主创新能力建设视角

建构和完善面向自主创新的国家知识产权政策体系的时间窗口已经开启。创新发展的内在需求、国际环境的外部约束以及知识产权政策问题的复杂化发展等现实语境决定了中国知识产权政策体系建设命题的出发点和路径空间。当下国家知识产权政策体系建设必须把握产业、社会、全球及协同等相互关联的维度,立足于产业需求,着眼于社会发展,遵循国际规则,注重协同运行,为创新型国家建设提供制度支撑和政策保障。     

QFD方法在清理筛设计中的应用

本文对QFD设计理论进行了介绍分析,并在此基础上建立了清理筛一级质量屋模型,并对清理筛进行了综合竞争能力分析。     

后金融危机时代南通物流业群生态研究

现代物流业是国民经济发展的动脉和基础,其发展程度是衡量一个国家和地区综合竞争力的重要标志之一。本文从群生态的视角,分析了后金融危机时代南通物流业群落发展的优势与不足,提出了南通物流业群落发展的总体思路与战略。     

城市创新文化建设的国际比较分析

以东京、巴塞罗那和曼彻斯特三个典型的创新型城市为对象,从环境条件(可视层)、制度行为(制度层)和价值理念(精神层)三个层面对其城市创新文化建设进行了比较分析。得出对我国创新型城市创新文化建设的启示:从传统文化中汲取养分,倡导创新观念、营造创新氛围;规划文化发展,整合创新资源,培养、引进各类优秀人才;完善创新机制,激发创新活力。     

广西融水芒哥节的起源与生态观——基于生态学的视野

芒哥节的形成与发展是广西融水苗族自然环境、人文内涵、历史沉积的自然性产物,象征了广西融水苗族文化的生态整体性与和谐性。芒哥节对生态观念的契合不仅显示在内容层次,更在形式层次得到了充分的诠释和注解,其本身所蕴含的广西融水苗族人民生态观念,是后现代语境下艺术生产、社会发展以及人类精神领域反思与塑造的借鉴与标榜。     

国内外背包旅游研究进展及启示

在旅游业迅猛发展的今天,随着个性化旅游和自助旅游的兴起,背包旅游以其独特优势掀起了全球游牧的热潮。近年来受到学界和业界的广泛关注．回顾了20世纪70年代以来国内外背包旅游研究的主要内容及进展,通过对国内外相关研究在研究理论、研究内容、研究方法等方面的对比分析,指出目前国内研究存在的问题和不足以及未来进一步研究的方向．     

导游激励、约束与小费制

由于旅游过程中形成的层层委托一代理关系归结为游客与导游员之间的委托一代理关系,许多旅游过程中产生的不正常现象必然主要发生在游客与导游员的关系上．导游员运用其充分信息和权力所产生的种种。道德风险”。都与导游员的薪酬制度密切相关．解决导游员薪酬体制问题是治理旅游中出现的各种混乱现象的关键之一,实行“小费制”是一个合理的选择。实行。小费制”,可以较好地解决导游收入的稳定性问题和导游服务质量问题,较好地避免导游的。道德风险一问题}较好地解决对于导游的激励与约束问题．