Swap variance hedging and efficiency: The role of high moments

In this article, we propose a new theoretical approach for developing hedging strategies based on swap variance (SwV). SwV is a generalized risk measure equivalent to a polynomial combination of all moments of a return distribution. Using the S&P 500 index and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil spot and futures price data, as well as simulations by varying the distribution of asset returns, we investigate the dynamic differences between hedge ratios and portfolio performances based on SwV (with high moments) and variance (without high moments). We find that, on average, the minimizing-SwV hedging suggests more short futures contracts than minimizing-variance hedging; however, when market conditions deteriorate, the minimizing-SwV hedging suggests fewer short positions in futures. The superior posthedge performances of the mean-SwV hedged portfolios over the mean-variance hedged portfolios in highly volatile or extremely calm markets confirm the efficiency of the mean-SwV hedging strategy.     

产业技术创新战略联盟利益分配机制研究综述

从联盟利益分配客体、利益分配主体,以及利益分配机制的具体建构等方面对国内相关研究进行综述表明,由于缺乏深入的个案研究,以及采集经验数据存在较大难度,致使现有研究大多偏向于宏观化和模型化,可操作性和合理性还有待验证,实际应用效果还有待于进一步的考核评估。联盟利益分配客体的确立,特别是对间接利益的定量化,以及根据利益主体的个体差异性、利益客体的阶段性,选择合理的分配方式等方面研究还有待加强。     

中国产学研三大部门技术创新经费投入产出效率评估研究

高校、科研单位与企业三大部门是我国应用研究和试验发展环节的重要技术创新主体，亟需评估其效率。采用“经费支出—专利产出—预期收益—实现收益”三步骤分析框架，利用已有统计调查数据，对三大部门技术创新经费投入产出效率进行测算。结果表明，三大部门技术创新经费投入产出效率都偏低，企业部门每亿元经费投入实现的收益约为9733万元，科研单位约为1331万元，高校约为1166万元。该测算值是真实产出价值的下限，但真实产出不会高太多。产出效率低的主要原因在于，高校和科研单位技术创新的产业应用目标指向性不明确、存在科技成果转化难题以及企业能力制约等。最后，建议加快政府相关科技计划制定、加强成果评价过程中产业部门的参与、优化高校和科研单位科研评价体系、加大企业研发费用加计扣除力度等。