Organizational flexibility in Australia

This paper presents a typology that distinguishes two types of flexible organizations based on the clarity of purpose and the extensiveness of formal rules. The analysis shows that these forms of flexibility are related to whether organizations engage with their environments reactively or strategically. One form (strategic flexibility) is evident in a 'goal-directed' type of organization (having clear goals but low levels of formal rules), and the other can be observed in an informally-organized type (lacking clear goals, and with limited formal rules). These are compared with two other types: formally-organized (clear goals and extensive formal rules); and rule-governed (lacking clear goals, extensive formal rules). An analysis of a sample of fifty organizations shows clear differences between the four types with respect to contextual factors; environmental conditions; strategy and structure; and integrative mechanisms.     

Proposing and Testing an Intellectual Capital-Based View of the Firm

abstract    This study examines one specific aspect of the resource-based view, intellectual capital, and its three knowledge components – human, organizational, and social capital. We hypothesize that the impact of each component on financial performance is contingent upon the values of the other components, and that these leveraging effects are themselves contingent upon the industry conditions in which a business operates. Our hypotheses are supported using line-of-business survey and FDIC data (within-industry/within-geographic region) from two non-competing resource niches of the banking industry (personal and commercial banking).     

The Impact of Training on Productivity and Wages: Evidence from British Panel Data*

It is standard in the literature on training to use wages as a sufficient statistic for productivity. This paper examines the effects of work‐related training on direct measures of productivity. Using a new panel of British industries 1983–96 and a variety of estimation techniques we find that work‐related training is associated with significantly higher productivity. A 1% point increase in training is associated with an increase in value added per hour of about 0.6% and an increase in hourly wages of about 0.3%. We also show evidence using individual‐level data sets that is suggestive of training externalities.     

基于流程的完善维修映射法

认为做到完善维修没有一个现成的标准。只有根据资产效率优化（AEO）的基本概念，生成符合客户实际需求的特定模型，才能更好地进行资产（维修）管理。而这个管理过程，SKF是通过一个基于互联网的被称之为客户需求分析（CNA）的软件工具来实现的。本文也给出了应用此工具时的一些成功数据。     

Drivers of the Adoption of Eco-Innovations in the Pulp,Paper, and Paper Products Industry in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the production of knowledge in the field of eco-innovation, checking its state of the art in order to discuss topics of future research. Specifically, it assesses the pulp, paper, and paper products industry in Brazil in order to examine the drivers of the adoption of eco-innovation strategies. The study is essentially a review of the literature, with a methodology based on exploratory research, and using the documental and bibliographical qualitative method. The empirical research was based on a quantitative approach using the strategy of a cross-sectional survey by means of a self-administered online questionnaire. It was verified that the studies related to eco-innovation are still preliminary and that the subject lacks specific research with empirical data from survey and in-depth case studies. The following topics were checked for studies on innovation in environmental issues on conceptual and theoretical discussion; models and indicators for evaluating the eco-innovation; types; and political arguments for their development, with the proposition of research lines within this context. The results of the empirical research allow us to conclude that factors such as environmental regulation, the use of environmental incentives and innovation, reputation effects, top management support, technological expertise, and environmental formalization in the context of domestic enterprises are crucial to the adoption of eco-innovation. Further, the higher the extent to which companies embrace an environmental and innovative culture, the greater the internalization of eco-innovative practices.     

Firm resources and joint ventures: what determines zero‐sum versus positive‐sum outcomes?

In this study, we are concerned with the resources that are brought to joint ventures, and whether or not the way in which those resources are combined can improve parent‐firm performance. We are also interested in whether or not the exposure of valuable resources through the permeable membrane of the joint venture can have an adverse effect on performance. These questions are explored using a sample of 74 domestic, dyadic joint ventures, and our findings suggest that the strategy can have zero‐sum and positive‐sum outcomes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国企业海外并购失败了吗?

本文运用市场模型、FF3FM模型和事件研究的基本方法评估1994—2009年中国157个企业海外并购事件的短期和中长期绩效。结果显示,尽管外界对海外并购绩效看法各异,中国企业海外并购事件公告日的市场绩效明显为正,反映了市场对中国企业海外并购的正面评价。从中长期的角度上看,中国企业海外并购整体上取得了非负的超常回报率(Abnormal return),体现了政府"走出去"战略的胜利开局。考虑到行业绩效差异,本文运用Fix-to-fix控制组的方法对并购中长期绩效的决定性因素进行了多元回归分析,结果显示海外并购受益于人民币升值,国有企业的并购绩效明显差于民营企业,中国海外上市公司的绩效优于内地上市的公司。