Entrepreneurship and Risk Aversion

Evans and Jovanovic (1989, Journal of Political Economy 97(4), 808–827) find that wealth is an important determinant of business startups due to liquidity constraints. However, Cressy (2000, Economic Letters 66, 235–240) argues that if risk aversion is a negative function of wealth, Evans and Jovanovic’s empirical results could be spurious and the positive effect of wealth could be due to the omission of risk aversion in the regression equation. In other words, according to Cressy, one’s wealth does not have any effect on business startups once the degree of risk aversion is accounted for. This paper attempts to investigate the validity of Cressy’s conjecture. We empirically examine the effect of wealth on the transition into self-employment, while allowing for the effect of risk aversion. Our empirical findings show that Evans and Jovanovic’s (1989) results are robust, i.e., wealth has a positive effect on business startups even allowing for the confounding effects of risk aversion.     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及对策

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化,传统贸易壁垒的作用日益削弱。同时西方发达国家通过制定各种标准,建立起技术性贸易壁垒逐步取代关税和非关税壁垒成为新的最主要的贸易障碍,已经成为我国出口贸易发展的最大障碍。本文在分析技术性贸易壁垒的内容、特点及其对我国对外贸易影响的基础上,提出了我国应对技术性贸易壁垒的对策。     

药品不良反应损害补偿制度相关理论探讨

目的:探讨我国建立药品不良反应(ADR)补偿制度的理论基础。方法:根据我国国情分析我国ADR补偿制度的理论依据。结论:运用公平原则和企业社会责任建立适合我国国情的ADR补偿制度势在必行。     

浅议建筑给排水节水措施

随着国民经济的不断发展,建筑工程中给排水设计也有着很大的进步,在充分满足居民对高品质住宅的适应性、灵活性的需求时,更要注重建筑设计中的节能问题,本文主要通过讲述当前水资源缺乏的严峻形势提出了几项建筑给排水过程中的节水措施。     

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION OF FOUR ASIAN COUNTRIES BEFORE THE 1997 CRISIS

Abstract.  The current paper presents an empirical analysis of the current account positions during the pre Asian crisis period, in the four most crisis-hit countries (namely Thailand, the Philippines, South Korea and Indonesia). We have employed the procedures advocated by Husted for the presence of stationarity in current accounts by estimating a cointegration relationship between any country's exports and imports. The results do not substantiate the presence of cointegration between the series, implying that the macroeconomic fundamentals in these countries prior to the crisis were far from robust, at least from the perspective of current account sustainability.     

企业社会责任学说的兴起与发展

企业社会责任思想起源于古典经济学理论，在争论和实践中不断发展与完善，20世纪80年代，现代企业社会责任运动开始在欧美发达国家逐渐兴起，并进入条文化阶段，到2000年，全球共有246个生产守则，成为规范企业行为的核心理念。     

Drainwater Management for Salinity Mitigation in Irrigated Agriculture

Salinity and drainage management options include source control, reuse, and evaporation ponds. This article identifies efficient strategies to maintain hydrologic balance in closed drainage basins and evaluates their impact on regional agricultural profits. Theoretical analysis suggests that economic efficiency requires acknowledgment of the nonseparability between water use and land value. Empirically, our solution involves a modest amount of source control, a substantial amount of reuse, and the elimination of evaporation ponds often associated with large environmental damages, while maintaining grower income. Various policy instruments and options are introduced and discussed, including a system of drainwater charges, marketable permits, and land retirement.     

《侵权责任法》视角下的医疗损害责任鉴定与医疗事故技术鉴定

本文通过对医疗损害和医疗事故、医疗损害司法鉴定和医疗事故技术鉴定的分析比较,提出构建统一的医疗损害责任鉴定制度,为解决现实中二元化鉴定格局所产生的矛盾和问题提供借鉴和参考。     

面向新闻领域的中文实体关系抽取

随着互联网技术的快速发展,人们能够及时地获取大量的新闻文本信息,如何从新闻中自动获取关键信息,把新闻中具有价值的信息转化为结构化数据,从而快速有效地获取有用的知识已是迫切需求。实体关系抽取是获取关键信息的方法之一,但目前关于中文的实体关系抽取工作较少。针对基于长短时记忆网络的中文实体识别模型难于提取长距离的依存关系特征和句法特征问题,提出利用双向树形长短时记忆神经网络提取依存句法树的结构特征。在提取的特征的基础上,使用条件随机场判断实体的类别和边界,并在实体识别模型中加入注意力机制提高模型的性能。在《人民日报》数据集和ACE 2005语料库上训练模型,验证了模型的有效性。     

特约商户罢刷银行卡风波的法律分析

<正>伴随交易现代化进程的不断加快,刷卡消费已成为当前民众消费的一种主要方式,但由于在刷卡消费中商家需向银行交纳一定手续费。近年来发生了多起因商家不满银行联合确定的手续费而导致的罢刷事件。2003年11月,成都国美率先以0.8%的银行卡结算手续费率太高为由, 宣布自当月15日起在成都6家卖场内停