Emerging cycling policy in Moscow,Russia: The role of international policy transfer

Over the past four decades, commuter cycling has become a planning issue in cities that did not have established cycling cultures. This category includes post-Socialist cities with recent and strong automobility systems and limited cycling planning experiences. This article seeks to demonstrate how transfer of policy ideas from other contexts has contributed to the emergence of cycling policies in the largest post-Socialist city, Moscow, Russia, in the mid 2000s - 2016. Policy transfer means the diverse processes of acquiring policy ideas from other planning contexts and adapting this knowledge to shape local policies. The article is based on the results of a study that combined policy transfer questions with policy ethnography methodology that entailed prolonged field work and interviews with diverse policy actors and beneficiaries. This article aims to answer a question: How did policy learning, transfer and translation contribute to the emergence of Moscow's cycling policy? The article concludes that policy transfer facilitated cycling planning in Moscow by providing fast solutions, informing and legitimizing policy decisions, and temporarily leveraging cyclists' advocacy efforts. However, policy learning and transfer do not guarantee acceptance or successful implementation of policies. Integration of cycling into transport policies depends on an interplay of local institutional, political, and socio-spatial factors that influence decision-making. Constraints to implementing cycling policies include a peculiar car-culture, technocratic planning with a significant role of state actors and other elite groups, and insufficient opportunities for Moscow's cycling community to influence policy-making. These findings contribute to the transport policy and geography literature by exploring the role of policy transfer in cycling planning and by focusing on a less known transport policy context: post-Socialist cities outside the European Union.     

What drives German foreign direct investment? New evidence using Bayesian statistical techniques

Despite the importance of Germany as an issuer of foreign direct investment (FDI), the studies analyzing its determinants are far from conclusive. This research contributes to filling this gap providing new evidence for the period 1996–2012. In order to reduce model uncertainty, we adopt a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach. We find that determinants associated with horizontal FDI appear to be dominant for explaining FDI in developed countries while for the group of developing countries covariates associated with vertical FDI motives play a larger role. Within Europe, while the majority of FDI is horizontally driven in “core” countries, in the “periphery” vertical motivations seem to prevail. Moreover, our results are compatible with more complex FDI models where vertical determinants and institutional variables are gaining prominence as does the leading role currently played by Germany in global value chains (GVC). Our results may provide hints for policymakers’ strategies to attract German investment.     

Combined fleet deployment and inventory management in roll-on/roll-off shipping

In maritime transportation of automobiles, roll-on/roll-off (ro–ro) shipping companies operate liner shipping services across major trade routes. Large ro–ro shipping companies are well placed to offer end-to-end integrated logistics services to auto manufacturers engaged in international trade of vehicles. Therefore, we present a new mixed integer programming model for fleet deployment including inventory management at the ports along each trade route. Due to the complexity of the problem, a rolling horizon heuristic (RHH) is proposed. The RHH solves the problem by iteratively solving sub-problems with shorter planning horizon. Computational results based on real instances are presented.     

iPhone的二元价值容介态研究

iPhone的成功源于使用价值和虚拟价值的结合、容介和进化。品牌、创意、体验、人文艺术、服务等虚拟价值要素信息容入使用价值,促成iPhone的出现和其价值的进化;同时,iPhone释放出的时代象征、个体个性、社会潮流等信息又容纳入消费者的心理需求,进一步促使了iPhone的升级和成功。两个过程循环往复,交融并进,充分体现了广义虚拟经济理论的二元价值容介态。     

海外无形资产投资与企业核心竞争力

本文通过理论与实例相结合的方式研究了知识、品牌、渠道等无形资产的海外投资对提升企业核心竞争力的作用,进而探讨了中国企业实施海外无形资产投资的策略。作者认为,无形资产的海外投资增强了企业在核心技术、品牌形象、市场开拓能力方面的竞争优势,因此应当成为海外直接投资的重点;新建、并购、组建战略联盟是实施海外投资的主要方式;当前的全球经济危机对我国企业寻求海外无形资产有利有弊,投资策略要立足长远、注重风险控制和东道国的投资审核政策。     

广义虚拟经济理论的中国文化思想基础研究

从研究中国传统文化出发,立足于经济学哲学思想视角,通过中西方文化思想的比较研究以及东西方经济发展历史的对比分析,讨论文化思想与经济发展的关系,为广义虚拟经济理论研究寻找文化思想基础.研究结果表明,中国传统文化不仅可以为广义虚拟经济理论提供必要的哲学思想依据,也完全可以为发展广义虚拟经济,拓展人类新财富提供极具开发价值的...     

中国经济增长要素的实证分析

消费、投资、进出口被喻为拉动中国国民经济增长的三大要素。本文通过建立多元线性回归模型和创新模型，利用1990年到2010年的国民生产总值（GDP）、最终消费支出（FC）、资本形成总额（I）、货物进口总额（IM）、货物出口总额（EX）净出口（t）的数据，分析各个要素对中国GDP增长的贡献率的大小随着时间的变化规律，进而发现中国经济的主要影响因素，最终来确定不同时期GDP增长的主要贡献要素。     

Local media ownership and media quality

The Federal Communications Commission regulates local media ownership to promote competition, diversity and the provision of local programming. This study investigates how local media cross-ownership, co-ownership and ownership diversity are associated with media market outcomes. Cross-sectional regressions indicate that television station ownership consolidation is associated with increased local TV news production but lower news ratings. However, panel estimation finds that changes in local media ownership are uncorrelated with local media usage or programming, producing confidence intervals that are tightly centered around zero.     

Integration of inventory and transportation decisions in a logistics system

This paper addresses some of the challenges faced by a company which is responsible for delivering coal to its four subsidiaries situated along a river, through river hired or self-owned vessels. We propose to adopt a vendor managed inventory concept that involves establishment of a central warehouse at the port, and apply the Markov Decision Process (MDP) to formulate both ordering and delivery problems, considering different transportation modes, costs, and inventory issues. An efficient algorithm is developed for solving the MDP models. Our computational tests show that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce the overall system costs while maintaining smooth Just-in-Time supplies of coal to the subsidiaries.     

Consumer decision-making styles,involvement, and the intention to participate in online group buying

Recent studies have demonstrated the relevance of consumer decision-making styles and consumer involvement as crucial constructs in understanding online group buying, but none has analyzed their collective impact. This study tests consumer involvement as the mediator in the relationship between consumer intention to participate in online group buying and their decision-making styles. The results show that involvement significantly mediates the relationships between the recreational, hedonistic; price-conscious; habitual, brand loyal; and the confused by over-choice consumer decision-making styles and their intention to participate. Interestingly, the novelty-fashion conscious decision-making style shows a significant direct effect but no mediation through involvement. The study makes substantive contributions toward the online consumer behavior literature and website management. We suggest that website managers maintain consumer involvement at a high level and consider consumer decision-making styles when addressing potential visitors and converting them into buyers. The study describes limitations and implications for future research.