换工作对收入水平和收入增长的影响

本文利用中国社会科学院2002年的CHIPS数据,分析了换工作对于劳动者收入水平和收入增长的影响。本文通过控制初始的收入水平来解决异质性的影响。结果表明,对于初始收入水平较低的样本,换工作对其收入有正的影响,而对于初始收入较高的样本,换工作则有负的影响。如果直接考察换工作对于收入增长的影响,给定初始收入和其他特征,换工作对于收入增长的平均影响是正的。不仅如此,换工作对于低收入者的收入增长有较大的正的影响。     

贸易与收入分配关系的理论和实证研究回顾

20世纪90年代末,随着全球化的急剧推进,各国非熟练劳动力的收入日益恶化且收入差距也迅速扩大,使得贸易对收入分配的影响成为各国学者研究的热点。无论是传统的国际贸易理论,还是当代的新国际贸易理论对贸易是否会影响国内收入分配这一问题上一直充满争议。本文对贸易与收入分配关系的理论和实证研究进行简单的回顾和归纳,并在分析现有研究成果的基础上指出今后这一问题的研究动向。     

散户参与家庭农场的稳定性分析--基于随机演化博弈视角

家庭农场在我国是一种新兴的农业生产组织形式,它的规模效益取决于散户流转到家庭农场主体的土地等资源,稳定的散户群体是确保家庭农场正常运转的基础。然而,散户的决策易受周围人或事物的影响,具有随机性。文章运用演化博弈理论,在散户的人均收益、放弃其他产业的机会成本以及具有约束性质的惩罚成本等因素之基础上增加随机项,构建含有随机项的复制动态方程,并得出判断散户参与家庭农场稳定性的依据,通过契约调整和制度建设能够实现家庭农场的稳定发展。最后文章基于安徽省家庭寄卖数据对模型进行数值模拟,提出相关政策建议。     

On the Sources of Inflation in Kenya: A Model‐Based Approach

We develop a semi‐structural new‐Keynesian open‐economy model – with separate food and non‐food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. To do so, we filter international and Kenyan data (on output, inflation and its components, exchange rates and interest rates) through the model to recover a model‐based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps) – including for the international and domestic relative price of food. We use the filtration exercise to recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. We find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate. We also discuss the implications of this exercise for the use of model‐based monetary policy analysis in sub‐Saharan African countries.     

住房公积金及增值收益物权属性保障对策研究

本文在论证住房公积金及增值收益物权属性的基础上,提出具体保障对策。首先,拓宽住房公积金保值增值渠道;其次,公积金业务与中心经费并账核算,增加业务支出核算内容;再次,建立住房公积金增值收益分配新模式,缴存职工参与公积金分红。     

金融自由化、资源配置偏向与城乡收入差距——基于省级面板数据的经验证据

文章运用主成分分析法,重测了我国金融自由化指数值,同时采用31个省级面板数据,实证分析了金融自由化、资源配置偏向对我国城乡收入差距的影响。结果表明,金融自由化弱化了金融资源配置偏向对城乡收入差距的抑制作用;财政、固定资产投入偏向,均拉大了城乡收入差距;而FDI则一定程度上缩小了城乡收入差距。此外,金融自由化、资源配置偏向对城乡收入差距的影响,具有区域差异性。     

城乡居民消费行为及结构演化的差异研究

转变经济发展方式、实现经济内生增长是中国经济进入“新常态”阶段最迫切需要解决的问题,而实现这一目标,最为重要的则是居民消费水平的有效提升,尤其是农村居民消费困境的破解。基于此,本文采用非线性最小二乘法(NLS)对中国城乡居民消费行为及其演化规律进行了跨时期分析,结果发现城乡居民收入与消费之间表现为明显的非线性关系,并没有完全遵循边际消费倾向递减规律。“七五”时期和“八五”时期,城乡居民边际消费随收入的增加而递增;“九五”时期及以后,城镇居民边际消费随着收入的增加而递减,农村居民边际消费则仍随收入的增加而递增。从收入结构视角看,农民边际消费仅随工资性收入和家庭经营性收入的增加而递增,而城镇居民边际消费随工资性收入、家庭经营性收入和转移性收入的增加而递减。由于农民收入增长质量较低,而且收入结构不合理,从而直接导致农民消费水平低下且结构不合理,因此,提升农民消费水平,迫切需要优化农民收入结构和消费结构。     

Boards of directors in family firms: a generational perspective

The purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of boards of directors in family firms. Building on generational changes in family attributes, we argue that firms in a different generational phase have different governance needs and characteristics. With regard to board task needs, the empirical results indicate a convex generational evolution in the need for board advice, and a rise over the generations in the need for board control. With regard to board composition, we find that the likelihood of having an outside director on the board has a convex generational trend. This relationship seems to be fully mediated by the firm’s board task needs. Furthermore, the number of family directors seems to increase over the generations. This study demonstrates that it is important to consider the generational phase of the family firm in order to understand its governance system.

Trade and the distribution of human capital

We develop a two-country, two-sector model of trade where the only difference between the two countries is their distribution of human capital endowments. We show that even if the two countries have identical aggregate human capital endowments the pattern of trade depends on the properties of the two human capital distributions. We also show that the two distributions of endowments also completely determine the effects of trade on income inequality. We also look at a simple majority voting model. It turns out autarky and free trade with and without compensation may be the voting outcome.     

1980-2002年我国农村居民收入差距变动的实证分析

1980-2002年间,从总体上看,我国农村居民收入差距呈现“不规则的阶梯形”变动特征;从地区看,我国东中西部地区间农村居民收入差距在不断拉大,收入分配形成了“递减式梯级”格局;从高低收入省(自治区、直辖市)看,我国农村居民收入差距变动呈上扬的“飘带”状,且处于较大状态。