产权视角下碳交易市场的建立与完善

实现温室气体减排是我国当前一项刻不容缓的任务。基于《京都议定书》发展起来的碳交易是一种新兴的环境治理方式,它旨在运用市场机制解决温室效应。碳交易在欧美国家的实践取得巨大成效,我国应转变碳排放的治理思路,建立碳交易市场。本文的主要工作是在产权理论视角下,探讨了我国"限额——贸易"体制下碳交易市场的建设规划及完善措施。     

加快经济转型 全面应对碳关税冲击

当前发达国家正在设立各种碳壁垒,试图分摊碳减排的代价,其中利用碳关税设置重重壁垒将是发达国家建立另类霸权的新趋势。各国国际收支平衡、碳贸易摩擦、汇率问题、碳减排配额及其分配问题等都将与碳关税的征收高度联系起来。中国必须通过加快经济转型,全方位应对碳关税冲击。     

新疆能源低碳化发展的路径依赖研究

本文首先对新疆能源利用与碳排放状况进行分析,发现能源结构高碳化及高消耗特征加剧了碳的排放,并提出了新疆走能源低碳化发展之路的必要性;然后进一步利用灰色关联分析方法,找到了影响新疆碳排放的主导因素;最后揭示出新疆能源低碳化发展的路径依赖,并提出低碳化发展的对策。     

技术进步对二氧化碳排放的影响分析——基于静态和动态面板数据模型

深入研究技术进步对节能减排的作用,对于协调中国经济发展和环境保护的关系具有重要的现实意义。本文基于2000~2011年中国30个省份的面板数据,分别应用静态和动态面板数据模型,考察技术进步对二氧化碳排放的影响。静态和动态面板数据模型都表明前一期技术进步能够显著地减少本期二氧化碳排放,技术进步对节能减排有显著的作用,但是技术进步对节能减排的作用有一定的时滞。因此,中国应该加大研发投入,鼓励技术创新,加快技术扩散的速度。     

评深圳市碳排放权交易相关规定之进步与不足

碳排放管控制度、配额管理制度、抵消制度、交易制度和第三方核查制度是《深圳经济特区碳排放管理若干规定》的基本制度。深圳市与国内其它碳排放权交易试点的相关规定相比较,其进步主要体现在：“四种类型、三个板块”的独特交易体系的设计,企业碳排放核查制度的开启,初始分配方式的灵活化,政府对碳排放市场价格的调控。但在交易主体的界定以及无偿分配的配额量方面还是存在着一定的缺陷。     

Competition for land in the global bioeconomy

The global land use implications of biofuel expansion have received considerable attention in the literature over the past decade. Model‐based estimates of the emissions from cropland expansion have been used to assess the environmental impacts of biofuel policies. And integrated assessment models have estimated the potential for biofuels to contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement over the coming century. All of these studies feature, explicitly or implicitly, competition between biofuel feed stocks and other land uses. However, the economic mechanisms governing this competition, as well as the contribution of biofuels to global land use change, have not received the close scrutiny that they deserve. The purpose of this article is to offer a deeper look at these factors. We begin with a comparative static analysis which assesses the impact of exogenously specified forecasts of biofuel expansion over the period: 2006–2035. Global land use change is decomposed according to the three key margins of economic response: extensive supply, intensive supply, and demand. Under the International Energy Agency's “New Policies” scenario, biofuels account for nearly one‐fifth of global land use change over the 2006–2035 period. The article also offers a comparative dynamic analysis which determines the optimal path for first and second generation biofuels over the course of the entire 21st century. In the absence of GHG regulation, the welfare‐maximizing path for global land use, in the face of 3% annual growth in oil prices, allocates 225 Mha to biofuel feed stocks by 2100, with the associated biofuels accounting for about 30% of global liquid fuel consumption. This area expansion is somewhat diminished by expected climate change impacts on agriculture, while it is significantly increased by an aggressive GHG emissions target and by advances in conversion efficiency of second generation biofuels.     

低碳时代商业银行碳金融业务面临的挑战及发展策略

近些年世界经济在经历工业化信息化之后,正逐步走向低碳化。目前发展低碳经济是世界各国寻求持续发展的重要战略选择,从而促使碳金融业务成为国际金融领域内又一新的竞争热点。商业银行作为枢纽和纽带应积极参与和支持。本文从商业银行发展碳金融业务的现状及面临的挑战分析,提出相应的发展策略。     

松江区碳汇的时间变化特征分析

随着全球人口激增及化石燃料的大量使用,全球环境和气候不断恶化。近年来,以致力于减少温室气体排放等的低碳经济、低碳生活等绿色理念不断提出。利用SPSS软件,采用主成分分析法,对松江区碳汇的时间变化特征及其驱动因素进行分析。研究结果表明,影响松江区碳汇时间变化驱动因素中,耕地为主驱动因子。从2002-2008年,松江区碳汇量显著减少,到2009年有所回升。     

中国碳排放的区域异质性及减排对策

通过碳生产率和脱钩弹性系数指标分别从静态和动态角度考察中东西三大区域近十年来低碳经济转型的进展以及在KAYA等式扩展式基础上,建立LMDI分解模型,对影响三大区域碳排放的因素进行分解,认为东部地区的碳排放呈现规模驱动型特征,中西部地区的碳排放均呈现出规模结构混合驱动特征,但与中部地区相比,西部地区的产出驱动稍弱,而经济结构驱动较强。     

Carbon Accounting: Challenges for Research in Management Control and Performance Measurement

Carbon reduction programs and corporate emissions reporting have expanded rapidly across firms in response to climate change and global warming. This development is partly driven by institutional demands and partly by value creation considerations. The consequences of these developments for management accounting and control (MAC) are not clear, despite anecdotal evidence that suggests an increasing effort to incorporate carbon accounting into traditional decision and reporting processes. The reasons for this lack of clarity are the disproportionate focus in practice on carbon disclosure, compared to a small number of empirical studies, and the absence of an academic debate in this novel area from a MAC perspective. This paper seeks to stimulate such an academic debate by reviewing the extant literature, identifying key theoretical and empirical shortcomings of extant academic research, and outlining some directions for future studies on carbon accounting. These directions are inspired by more established MAC research that may help to guide and organize MAC research in the emerging and exciting field of carbon accounting.