全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13690篇 |
免费 | 528篇 |
国内免费 | 149篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 4248篇 |
工业经济 | 455篇 |
计划管理 | 2744篇 |
经济学 | 1925篇 |
综合类 | 1399篇 |
运输经济 | 79篇 |
旅游经济 | 141篇 |
贸易经济 | 1511篇 |
农业经济 | 674篇 |
经济概况 | 1191篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 37篇 |
2023年 | 289篇 |
2022年 | 271篇 |
2021年 | 431篇 |
2020年 | 587篇 |
2019年 | 422篇 |
2018年 | 360篇 |
2017年 | 502篇 |
2016年 | 479篇 |
2015年 | 488篇 |
2014年 | 954篇 |
2013年 | 1387篇 |
2012年 | 951篇 |
2011年 | 1185篇 |
2010年 | 803篇 |
2009年 | 814篇 |
2008年 | 896篇 |
2007年 | 777篇 |
2006年 | 803篇 |
2005年 | 559篇 |
2004年 | 393篇 |
2003年 | 291篇 |
2002年 | 173篇 |
2001年 | 132篇 |
2000年 | 106篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 62篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Assessing Voluntary Programs to Improve Environmental Quality 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the use of voluntaryapproaches (VAs) to environmental protection, which has
spurned agrowing literature on the relative merits of voluntary vs. mandatoryapproaches. This paper draws on that literature
to discuss both thetheoretical and empirical issues that arise in the evaluation orassessment of a particular VA. We consider
both the environmentaleffectiveness and the efficiency of this policy approach. Our aim is toaid policymakers in evaluating
a specific program or in thinking aboutthe use and design of a VA. We identify some key features that arelikely to increase
both the effectiveness and the efficiency of VAs. 相似文献
152.
This paper suggests an application of an averting behaviormethod to reconcile inconsistent public activity with objectiveenvironmental risk. In Korea, an historically polluted watersupply has created citizen resistance to using tap water. Koreansperceive low quality levels for tap water, although objectivelymeasured data show that the pollution levels are lower than theacceptable risk. We hypothesized that the irrational aversion tousing tap water is a consequence of inconsistencies between theobjectively measured and perceived pollution levels. We introducethe perception averting behavior method, in which we add aperception measure unit to the conventional averting behaviormethod. We found that the perception measure provided a validexplanation for citizens' aversion to using tap water in Korea. 相似文献
153.
We study contracts designed to remunerate a farmer for the production of an ecosystem service with the payment dependent on the results of the farmer’s actions and on weather conditions. Two contracts are proposed: the first takes into account both the results of the farmer’s actions and a weather variable that reflects the actual atmospheric conditions during the life of the contract; the second bases the payment on the results alone incorporating only the average effect of weather. Social welfare is optimal when both the results and the specific atmospheric conditions are taken into account; however, this type of contract may be less acceptable to the farmer due to his perception of the level of risk involved.We thank two referees for valuable comments. 相似文献
154.
155.
生态学有逐渐与经济学相渗透、相融合的趋势,从而扩展了经济学的研究边界。本文从生态学的视角对信用加以研究,首先介绍了信用生态的理论内涵,其次研究了良好的社会信用生态环境的评价标准,最后对构建和谐的社会信用生态链提出了具体的对策措施。 相似文献
156.
Urs Springer 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(4):501-513
Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors. 相似文献
157.
Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper. 相似文献
158.
We introduce and justify a taxonomy for the structure of markets and minimal institutions which appear in constructing minimally
complex trading structures to perform the functions of price formation, settlement and payments. Each structure is presented
as a playable strategic market game and is examined for its efficiency, the number of degrees of freedom and the symmetry
properties of the structure 相似文献
159.
Valuing a change in the risk of death is a key input into the calculation of the benefits of environmental policies that save
lives. Typically such risks are monetized using the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL). Since the majority of the lives saved
by environmental policies are those of older persons, there has been much recent debate about whether the VSL should be lower
for the elderly to reflect their fewer remaining life years. We conducted a contingent valuation survey in the UK, Italy and
France designed to answer this question. The survey was administered in these three countries following a standardized protocol.
Our results suggest that the VSL is €1.022 million or €2.264 million, depending on whether we use median or mean WTP. The
VSL is not significantly lower for older persons, but is higher for persons who have been admitted to a hospital or emergency
room for cardiovascular and respiratory problems. Income is positively and significantly associated with WTP. The income elasticities
of the WTP increase gradually with income levels and are between 0.15 and 0.5 for current income levels in EU countries. We
use the responses to the WTP questions to estimate the value of an extension in remaining life expectancy. The value of a
loss of one year’s life expectancy is €54,000 or €163,000. 相似文献
160.
论我国商业银行金融风险预警指标体系 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
当今,我国金融体制改革日益深化,商业银行风险日趋增大,因此,建立健全商业银行金融风险预警机制已成为当务之急,所探讨的预警指标体系正是借鉴了国外的先进经验,并结合我国商业银行的实际业务而设计的,它共包含八大部分,涵盖了商业银行的主要经营业务,对于有效监控我国商业银行金融风险,提高其抵御风险的能力具有重要意义。 相似文献