驱动经济高质量发展的科技创新要素及时空差异——2009—2017年省级面板数据的空间计量分析

基于2009—2017年中国内地31个省域面板数据，利用空间计量模型分析科技创新驱动经济高质量发展的时空差异，认为中国经济高质量发展指数稳步上升，空间聚集及正向溢出效应显著，空间依赖性强。R&D投入强度、科技研发成果、万人高校在校人数及城镇化率对经济高质量发展的影响均为正，财政教育支出的影响为负；经济地理距离相近省份R&D投入强度、财政教育支出及城镇化率对本省经济高质量发展的影响均为正，科技研发成果、万人高校在校人数及互联网基础条件的影响均为负。西部及中部地区科技创新人力与科技财政支出要素对经济高质量发展的积极影响大于其它地区，而东部地区科技资金投入、科技研发成果及科技成果转化度要素对经济高质量发展的积极影响大于其它地区。     

新时代中国区域高质量发展的动力转变方向及形成路径研究

高质量发展已经成为中国经济发展的根本导向。作为经济体系的重要组成部分之一,区域经济的高质量发展要求增强发展动力的均衡性、精准性、融合性、复制性和专业性。其中,由外需动力为主转向内外需动力并重、由所有区域的齐头并进到不同区域的各展所长、由地方竞争的发展速度到区域协调的规模经济、由个体区域的率先发展到个体区域的综合示范、由综合性区域战略到专业性区域政策是动力转型的主要方向,培育具有世界级竞争力的产业集群、细化主体功能区规划、构建共享型的区域利益关系、构建可复制的区域发展路径、完善区域管理制度是实现上述转型的支撑路径。     

基于Aptina ASX340的倒车影像系统设计与实现

为了避免倒车过程中因视觉盲区可能出现的安全隐患问题[1][2],文章采用飞思卡尔单片机做主机,Aptina图像传感器ASX340[3]做从机,利用ASX340内部的OVERLAY位图叠加系统,设计了一种能够将倒车过程中实时的车辆尾部的影像,距离障碍物的安全距离,倒车轨迹路径等信息提供驾驶员倒车影像系统[9][10]。使用HYRes3_1、Imatest软件[4]测量了影像图像质量的主要因素。测量结果表明成像质量能够满足目前车厂的要求。     

The evolution of corruption and development in transitional economies: Evidence from China

It is widely accepted in the literature, that the level of corruption is negatively and robustly related to economic development. However, skeptics argue that for transitional economies, this relationship may not hold. Economic reform loosens up the control of local officials and can increase corruption; Corruption and per capita income can be positively related. Using panel provincial data of China from 1995 to 2014 on prosecuted cases of corruption, we discover that during the early phase of China’s economic reform (during Zhu Rongji and Hu-Wen administrations), a positive short-run relationship is indeed observed. But, there is a robust negative long-run cointegration relationship between corruption and per capita income. The development of the market economy improves private wage and income in the long-run. The relatively inefficient and low returns to ordinary corruption cannot compete with rising market returns, which lead to dwindling corruption. However, the share of major corruption cases is increasing over time to be able to compete with rising market wages.     

大数据、人工智能与厂商竞争路径

经济学对市场竞争路径的学理性分析，主要集中在价格确定、产量确定、规模经济、产业组织等方面，而对科技进步引发市场竞争路径的变化并没有足够的关注。其实，市场竞争路径变化的底蕴是科技进步，只是经济学家在分析市场竞争路径时偏好于将科技因素作为外生变量处理。大数据和人工智能等的发展可谓是一场史无前例的科技革命，它对人类经济活动产生广泛而深刻的影响主要表现为：大数据及其运用怎样影响厂商投资经营，大数据与机器学习等人工智能手段相融合会在哪些方面改变厂商竞争路径，厂商如何提高数据智能化和实现网络协同化，在什么样的条件下会出现行业垄断，等等。文章的基本分析观点是：厂商竞争路径变化是贯穿于大数据、互联网和人工智能等相互融合过程的一种现象，这种现象对应于新科技进步和运用的不同层级；微观经济分析需要将新科技因素作为内生变量，通过分析大数据、机器学习与厂商竞争路径之间的关联，揭示厂商竞争路径变化机理以及由此引致的产业组织等问题。     

Relationship between foreign capital flows,domestic investment and savings in the SADC region

The importance of foreign capital in the domestic economy cannot be underestimated as it bridges the gap between domestic capital demand and supply. Given this background the paper studies the relationship between the different types of foreign capital flows in the Southern Africa Development Region (SADC) region – foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, cross border bank flows (CBF), overseas development assistance (ODA) – and domestic savings and investment, employing the panel cointegration test and the dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS). The empirical results reveal that there is a strong positive relationship between domestic investment and domestic savings, FDI and remittances. These findings indicate that FDI remittances help in overcoming the limits on the domestic capital formation in the SADC region through permitting a rate of investment which is in excess of that which can be generated by domestic savings. Important policy implications on attracting foreign capital flows are discussed in the paper.     

互联网发展与创新绩效:三维理论框架和异质性验证

在新一轮科技革命背景下，企业经济活动越来越依赖于互联网，因此探讨中国互联网发展能否有效提升创新绩效，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。文章构建了互联网发展影响创新绩效的三维理论框架，同时从"质量-数量"二分视角，采用2011-2016年省际面板数据，借助面板个体效应模型对二者相关关系予以实证分析，研究结论如下：（1）互联网通过去壁垒、去中心、去中介，从要素、组织、生产范式三个维度分别经由要素重组、组织变革和供需迭代促进了创新绩效。（2）在全国层面，互联网发展和创新质量间存在U型关系，而互联网发展与创新数量间则表现为倒U型关系，且拐点值存在明显差异。（3）在分区域层面，东中西部互联网发展与创新质量间分别呈现出U型、U型、倒U型关系，与创新数量则均表现为倒U型关系。（4）由于不同省份2016年互联网发展水平分布在拟合线拐点两侧的位置不同，各省份未来政策着力点有所差异。（5）数据驱动、生态网络、用户主导分别与互联网发展深度复合影响了创新绩效，但在显著度上存在差异。综上，应从互联网建设、推广与应用，研判区域异质性，发挥调节变量的正向效应三方面重点突破，最大化互联网创新绩效，促进经济高质量发展。     

青海省社会信用体系建设现状与发展路径

党的十八届三中全会以来，青海省全面实施深化改革工作，地方社会信用体系建设步伐显著加快。但是，还需通过自上而下的统一部署和强有力的制度约束，来解决信用基础薄弱、共享平台缺失、建设合力不足和以点带面机制不健全等问题。提出建立“总体要求———任务分解———基础工作———专项示范———支撑体系”这样一种全面的制度安排，以此为深化青海省社会信用体系建设提供新的思路。     

Accessibility and Transit-Oriented Development in European metropolitan areas

This study investigates how urban form is related to accessibility. In particular, it explores the relationship between Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and rail-based accessibility in a metropolitan area. The following overarching questions are addressed: Does a TOD-informed urban spatial structure correlate with high rail based accessibility? Which features of TOD are correlated to rail-based accessibility? These questions are answered through a comparative analysis of six metropolitan areas in Europe. The “TOD degree”, operationalized as the extent to which urban development is concentrated along rail corridors and stations, is correlated with a cumulative opportunity measure of rail-based accessibility to jobs and inhabitants.The comparison demonstrates that rail-based accessibility is higher in urban areas where inhabitants and jobs are more concentrated around the railway network and in lesser measure in urban areas with higher values of network connectivity. No correlation is found between rail-based accessibility and average densities of inhabitants and jobs.     

基于改进Dijkstra算法的最短路算法

Dijkstra算法是求解最短路径问题的经典算法。在现如今的城市交通网络中,经常需要寻求两个地点之间的最短距离,减少运输时间。本文将Dijkstra算法与C语言相结合,对Dijkstra算法进行改进,根据实际网络图的情况,建立了相应的数学模型,运用C语言编程,在给定的网络图中,实现了只需确定起始点和终点,就可以直接输出最短路径和最短距离的功能。在有多个相同最短路径的情况下,会将多个最短路径一起输出,在搜索到终点时,立即跳出,结束循环。在一般情况下,无需对所有点进行迭代,提高了效率。这种方法可以应用到现在的物流运输中,以此来节约时间,降低成本。