基于双重会计准则的上市公司净利润差异实证分析

我国B股上市公司除应按照中国会计准则编制财务报告外,还应按照国际会计准则编制财务报告。由于双重会计准则规定存在差异,造成上市公司会计报表中的净利润存在差异。本文通过对沪市B股上市公司在双重会计准则下净利润差异进行分析,探寻准则间协调的发展趋势,提出遵循新会计准则是缩小差异的有效路径。     

二元结构、经济开放与中国收入差距的变动趋势

基于城乡转换和经济开放的双重约束，结合二元经济和国际贸易价值增值理论，本文构建了一个四部门的双二元递推理论模型，力图以此来描述中国收入差距变动的总体特征和基本趋势。经验数据较好地支持了这一分析框架，研究表明，巨大城乡差距决定了中国收入差距变动总体上的“倒U”趋势，但这一趋势呈现出动态特征，并要受经济开放的影响。从根本上看，重新审视二元结构政策，消除收入分配的平均主义倾向，加快城镇化进程、逐步有序地推动对外开放，构成了优化我国收入分配结构、逐步缩小居民收入差距的基本前提。     

A general construction of E(s 2)-optimal large supersaturated designs

A general method for construction of E(s ²)-optimal, two-level supersaturated designs (SSDs) with the equal occurrence property, from supplementary difference sets is introduced. It is proved that SSDs constructed in this way are E(s ²)-optimal. Comparisons are made with previous works and it is shown that the proposed method gives promising results for the construction of E(s ²)-optimal large SSDs.     

企业出口模式与出口产品质量:微观理论与经验证据

文章借鉴Khandelwal et al.（2013）扩展的产品质量异质性模型,构建了一个两国之间产品贸易的一般均衡模型,并推导企业出口模式选择影响产品质量升级的理论框架,再利用2000-2013年中国工业企业和海关数据构建双重差分模型对理论假说进行系统检验。结果发现：（1）直接出口企业对产品质量的提升效应明显高于间接出口企业,"反事实"检验和安慰剂检验的结果依然稳健。（2）通过异质性分析发现,东部地区企业出口的产品质量提升效应显著高于中西部地区企业,而且中西部地区的间接出口抑制出口产品质量提升;民营、外资企业直接出口和间接出口对产品质量提升效应均高于国有企业。（3）进一步研究企业出口模式的动态转换效应发现,企业由间接出口转向直接出口显著提升了出口产品质量,并且生产率较高的企业通过提升出口固定成本效率而加速出口产品质量升级。     

高铁能否促进产业结构升级:基于资源再配置的视角

高铁建设进一步完善了我国的交通网络体系,这对地区经济时空格局将产生深远影响。文章采用2000-2016年地级市辖区数据构建"反事实"框架下的双重差分模型,研究高铁开通对我国地区产业结构升级的因果净效应。结果发现,高铁建设显著提升了地区产业结构由低级向高级转变的高级化进程,且东、中部地区高铁开通的净效应显著,西部地区却不明显,稳健性检验结果依然显著。进一步从资源再配置视角检验高铁建设的作用机制,研究发现,高铁开通加速了地区劳动力流通和资本积累,并且高铁建设主要通过提升资本和劳动力再配置效应来实现地区产业结构由低级向高级的动态转化。同时劳动力和资本再配置效率存在明显的区域差异性,即东、中部地区劳动力和资本再配置效率显著高于西部地区,具有潜在的"俱乐部收敛"特征。     

高速铁路网络建设对长江中游城市群旅游效率的影响研究

作为一种新型绿色交通运输方式,高速铁路在推动旅游业实现高质量发展中发挥着重要支撑和保障作用,区域旅游业基于快捷高效的高速铁路网得以快速发展。以长江中游城市群28个地级以上城市为例,通过构建双重差分模型,实证检验长江中游城市群高速铁路网络建设是否显著提高了沿线城市旅游效率。借助引力模型定量分析高速铁路网络建设对沿线城市旅游效率的影响程度。研究表明高速铁路网络建设对提高沿线城市旅游效率的影响作用随时间变化呈逐步增强趋势。高速铁路网络建设引起沿线城市对外经济联系强度每提高1%时,沿线城市旅游效率约提高0.07%~0.16%。     

我国健康保险反欺诈的博弈分析及其政策建议

在健康保险领域,由于信息不对称导致的保险欺诈问题已成为影响我国保险业健康发展的毒瘤。本文运用博弈论的相关知识对健康保险欺诈问题进行分析,找出影响保险欺诈成本支出的主要因素,再运用最优化方法分析,提出建立有效的健康保险反欺诈机制的政策建议。     

Investigating the role of emissions trading policy to reduce emissions and improve the efficiency of industrial green innovation

Rapid economic development usually leads to serious environmental pollution problems. In order to solve the problem of pollutant emission in sustainable industrial development, it is urgent to examine the implementation effect of emissions trading policy (ETP) and its impact on green industrial development. This study adopts China's ETP as a case study and selects provincial panel data from 2004 to 2018. We first use a non-radial, non-directed, slack-based measure-directional distance function (SBM-DDF) to measure industrial green innovation efficiency. Then we use a difference in differences (DID) model to empirically test the emissions reduction effect of China's policy and whether it promotes industrial green innovation. Thereafter, results show that: (1) the ETP reduces sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions indicating the effectiveness of the policy; (2) the policy significantly improves industrial green innovation efficiency, meaning it promotes the sustainable development of the economy; (3) heterogeneity analysis highlights that ETP produces greater benefits for the most polluted regions of China which have more strict environmental regulations. The study examines the effect of emissions trading policy implementation from a new perspective. The study also provides a reference point for China to further refine its policy mechanisms and for other countries to formulate suitable ETP.     

Does Internal Corporate Governance Complement or Substitute for External Auditing? Evidence from China's Anti‐corruption Campaign

Two competing hypotheses have been developed for the relationship between internal corporate governance and external auditing. One proposes a complementary relationship, while the other suggests it is substitutable. This study takes advantage of China's recent anti‐corruption campaign as a quasi‐natural experiment to explore this relationship. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that, after the campaign, internal corporate governance improved more in SOEs (state‐owned enterprises) than in non‐SOEs. SOEs were less likely to choose Big 10 auditors after the campaign, while audit firms assigned less experienced auditors to their SOE client firms and charged lower audit fees. These effects were more pronounced in SOEs that exhibited greater improvement in corporate governance. Overall, we find the anti‐corruption campaign improved corporate governance in SOEs but, at the same time, reduced external audit quality, which supports the substitution view. We argue that this result might be driven by the fact that SOEs have limited demand for high‐quality accounting information because the Chinese government maintains strong control over the capital markets.     

外资进入自由化如何影响了中国本土企业创新?

本文以中国政府2002年对《外商投资产业指导目录》的修订所引发的外资自由化为准自然实验,采用倍差法系统评估了外资进入对本土企业创新的影响及其作用机制。研究表明,外资进入不仅显著提高了创新程度,而且还有利于延长本土企业的创新持续时间。此外,我们还发现,知识产权保护强化了外资进入对本土企业创新的促进作用,这一结论在使用专利申请数衡量创新以及采用FDI溢出指标刻画外资进入程度之后依然稳健。最后,我们进一步考察了外资进入影响本土企业创新的作用机制,发现研发能力增强与融资约束程度降低是外资进入促进本土企业创新的两个重要渠道。本文研究为客观评估中国近年来引资政策的绩效提供了微观依据,同时对于如何有效促进本土企业创新具有一定政策启示意义。