新企业所得税法对证券市场的影响及配套法规的完善

本文在分析《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称"新企业所得税法")的实施对证券市场影响的基础上,对新企业所得税法在规范证券市场所得课税方面存在的不足予以剖析,指出为实现证券市场所得课税的有效性,应针对其特殊性而制定相应的配套法规。     

新会计准则下固定资产处置的会计处理和税法的差异

本文简要分析了新会计准则和税法产生差异的原因,而后从固定资产处置入手,详细分析了固定资产的会计处理和所得税、流转税处理的差异。经过分析,得出的结论是会计准则和税法产生差异是不可避免的。     

Weintraub's consumption coefficient

The author contends that Weintraub's consumption coefficient,the ratio of total consumer expenditure to income from employment,cannot help to elucidate trends in the sectoral and functionaldistributions of income. Nor can it enhance the Kalecki's macroeconomicmodel. It cannot do either of these things because it is distributiondetermined, not distribution determining. Further, it is arguedthat the use of Weintraub's consumption coefficient distractsus from basing our analysis of income distribution on businessmark-ups, which lie at the core of the Kaleckian research program.     

Covariate Measurement Error in Quadratic Regression

We consider quadratic regression models where the explanatory variable is measured with error. The effect of classical measurement error is to flatten the curvature of the estimated function. The effect on the observed turning point depends on the location of the true turning point relative to the population mean of the true predictor. Two methods for adjusting parameter estimates for the measurement error are compared. First, two versions of regression calibration estimation are considered. This approximates the model between the observed variables using the moments of the true explanatory variable given its surrogate measurement. For certain models an expanded regression calibration approximation is exact. The second approach uses moment-based methods which require no assumptions about the distribution of the covariates measured with error. The estimates are compared in a simulation study, and used to examine the sensitivity to measurement error in models relating income inequality to the level of economic development. The simulations indicate that the expanded regression calibration estimator dominates the other estimators when its distributional assumptions are satisfied. When they fail, a small-sample modification of the method-of-moments estimator performs best. Both estimators are sensitive to misspecification of the measurement error model.     

The welfare implications of increasing disability insurance benefit generosity

In order to evaluate whether workers are over- or under-insured through the Disability Insurance (DI) program, we develop a framework that allows us to simulate the benefits as well as the costs associated with marginal changes in payment generosity from a representative cross-sectional sample of the population. Under the assumption that individuals are reasonably risk averse, we find that the typical worker would value increased benefits somewhat above the average costs of providing them. However, whether the benefit increases tend to lower or raise utility when we average across all individuals in our sample is sensitive to assumptions that affect the relative marginal utility of income to disabled individuals.     

Earned Economic Income—A Theory for Matching

The paper presents a novel ex post income concept, called Earned Economic Income (EEI), which would provide periodic accounting signals that are consistent with those derived from Net Terminal Value (NTV) analyses. EEI assigns interest adjusted NTV to the periods in which it is earned. The allocation is made via the apportionment of interest adjusted original cost. Inflation adjusted and monetary EEI figures are identical, so that the concept provides an integrating framework for interest adjusted inflation accounting and historical cost matching approaches. In developing the model the paper discusses the significance of conceptual models and of Economic Income (EI).     

与香港个人所得税的比较及启示

香港的“入息税”采用分类税制 ,与大陆的个人所得税相类似。若我们能结合国情 ,研究和借鉴发达国家或地区个人所得税制度的有益经验 ,相信对改革现行的个人所得税制、充分发挥其在收入再分配方面的作用定会有所裨益     

Should the Power to Redistribute Income be (De-)Centralized? An Example

This paper deals with two questions which have recentlyreceived considerable attention in both the political debateand the academic literature: First, are fiscal programs largeror smaller when they are (de-)centralized? Second, should suchprograms be (de-)centralized? We answer these questions withina politico-economic model in which voters choose the parametersof a linear income tax taking into account how taxes affect laborsupply and migration decisions. It is shown that a decentralizedpolitical system may lead to a smaller government budget. Theconcept of a veil of ignorance is used to analyze the desirabilityof a decentralized system. It is argued that a decentralizedsystem is preferred under the veil of ignorance only if individualsare not too risk-averse and the income distribution is not toopolarized.     

中国高储蓄率问题探究——1992—2003年中国资金流量表的分析

本文以国家统计局公布的1992—2003年中国资金流量表为基础,从收入分配和部门储蓄倾向等两个方面对居民、企业和政府等国内三个部门的储蓄率进行了比较分析。我们发现,尽管居民部门的储蓄率最高,但是,自1992年以来,它实际上呈逐步下降趋势,其主要原因在于居民部门获得的劳动报酬、财产收入和再分配收入均有所下降;企业储蓄率呈现缓缓上升趋势,主要原因并不在于企业盈利能力的提高,而在于其主要支出——对居民部门的劳动报酬支出和利息支出长期被稳定在较低的水平上;政府储蓄率在经历了上个世纪的低位徘徊之后,于2000年以后急剧上升,其主要原因在于,通过初次分配和再分配,政府的可支配收入在国民收入的分配中占据了越来越大的份额,同时政府部门的储蓄倾向也在不断提高。本文的政策建议是:为了实现以提高国内消费率为核心的经济发展战略,我国的经济运行应全面转向以改善收入分配结构、提高居民收入为重点的轨道上。为达此目的,加速财政政策向公共财政转型,增加公共支出和对居民的福利支出,在提高劳动生产率的基础上提高企业对劳动者的支付水平,应成为今后我国宏观调控的长期任务。