Is it the economy,stupid? The role of social versus economic factors in people’s support for hosting the Olympic Games: evidence from 12 democratic countries

Public referenda have gained momentum as a democratic tool to legitimize public mega projects such as hosting the Olympic Games. Interest groups in favour of hosting the Olympics therefore try to influence voters through public campaigns that primarily focus on economic benefits. However, recent studies find no or hardly any economic impact of hosting the Olympics, instead providing evidence for a positive social impact. This raises the question whether citizens consider economic or social factors when deciding on hosting the Olympics. Based on representative survey data from 12 countries, our results suggest that economic factors can influence voting behaviour, although the influence of social factors is stronger.     

上下游投资者进入高新技术产业基地时机研究

运用期权博弈理论探讨上下游投资者之间在受到协同效应和拥挤效应同时影响的情况下,投资者如何作出进入决策,以及投资者作出进入决策之间的相互影响。研究表明,拥挤效应加速了投资者进入基地,而协同效应则会推迟投资者进入基地,所以投资者需要根据这两种效应的大小来选择进入策略。当拥挤效应的作用占据主导地位时,投资者有动力抢先进入基地; 当协同效应的作用占据主导地位,而拥挤效应处于次要地位时,投资者选择等待从而作为跟随者进入基地; 当拥挤效应与协同效应的相互作用基本可以抵消时,每一个投资者都没有动力抢先进入,最终形成同时进入均衡。     

旅游企业与社区居民利益冲突及协调博弈研究

随着旅游业发展的深入,旅游企业与社区居民的利益冲突及协调问题成为影响旅游业发展的重点问题。从旅游企业和社区居民的单次博弈入手建立模型,并通过重复博弈模型分析,探索实现利益协调的路径。提出完善社区居民旅游开发参与机制和构建收益均衡分配机制,解决旅游企业与社区居民的利益协调问题。     

西北五省滑雪场空间分异特征及其影响因素研究

西北五省区冰雪资源丰富、冰雪运动历史悠久、冰雪文化厚重,具备优越的冰雪旅游资源条件和发展基础。本文以2019年西北五省区125个滑雪场为研究对象,运用最邻近指数、核密度、空间自相关、热点分析和不均衡指数等方法,分析滑雪场空间布局分异及其影响因素。研究表明：（1）西北五省区滑雪场呈“双核心、集聚化”的空间格局特性,2个高密度区域分别为陕西中部和新疆北部地区;空间自相关性较明显,冷热点分布呈现“西北和东南热,中部区域较冷”的非随机性分布特点。（2）西北五省区滑雪场分布受多种因素影响,供给维度的核心影响因素是冰雪资源禀赋条件、交通可达性基础,消费维度的核心影响因素是社会经济发展水平、城市辐射与消费市场。据此建议西北五省区应以中国冰雪旅游新发展极为战略目标,构建“多点连片”空间发展结构,放大核心资源综合利用效率,建造多要素融合发展新模式,强化区域协作与联动发展,塑造国际化冰雪旅游品牌。     

The unsung impact of currency risk on the performance of international real property investment

The paper revisits the currency risk debate to ascertain the statistical significance of currency risk on the return of international real property investment, especially in a period of increased exchange rate volatility. After statistical analyses of the returns of a portfolio of office investments in seven Asia Pacific cities over the 1986 to 2007 period, it was found that currency risk had a statistically significant positive impact on the performance of the portfolio of office investments. This is confirmed by the results of stochastic dominance test. If the results of this study are verified by subsequent studies, and the past reliably presages the future, they would imply that investors holding portfolios of real property investments in the sample markets might not need to be unduly concerned with currency risk.     

北京居民对2008奥运会影响的态度和看法

通过时1165名北京居民的电话调查分析其对2008奥运会影响的态度和看法,本文验证发展出4个方面的(社会心理、社会生活、城市发展、经济发展)20条具体盛事影响的条目.另外,依照对奥运影响的看法,居民被分为两个组群:积极派和中间派.一些影响居民组群归属的固定变量得以确认.调查结果建议在奥运规划准备过程中更多了解当地居民的意见将有助于取得奥运会的全面成功.     

Technological change and institutional inertia: a game-theoretic approach

In this paper, we study a co-evolutionary model of economic change at two hierarchical levels. At the lower level, institutions are given and the focus is on how resources are allocated and innovation produced in response to the pay-off structure induced by prevailing institutions. At the higher level, it is the institutions themselves that change as the outcome of a process of social bargaining. The main objective of the paper is to study the interaction between these two levels of change, attempting to provide some insight on issues like technological/institutional divergence, technological dead-end, institutional inertia, etc.It appears that evolutionary economics must be the theory of a process of cultural growth as determined by the economic interest, a theory of a cumulative sequence of economic institutions stated in the terms of the process itself. Thorstein Veblen (1898, p. 393).This work was undertaken while the author was a Research Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.     

The 2006 Asian Games: self-affirmation and soft power

This article is based on a study of the 2006 Asian Games held in Qatar. It was one of the first major international sporting events ever organised by Qatar that has since become a key location for such occasions. The purpose of this study was to explain the function of mega-events. They are associated with the event organisers to bring out the unique identity of a nation and to gain credibility with the international community through the use of an emotional dynamic. Analysis proposes to illustrate how this event affected Qatar internationally as part of soft power as well as the structuring role it played locally. The Asian Games were not to be perceived as an isolated sports event on the contrary, it was an integral part of a global strategy. Qatar needed to gain political recognition and to demonstrate its ability to organise other more prestigious sporting events. Moreover, this mega-event served a local purpose. It was essential in the process of identity affirmation. As a metaphor of society, sport had to symbolise excellence with regard to the values promoted. It was an opportunity to associate the modern aspect of sports with the traditional values of a political system and the Muslim faith. Previously, where sport was typically ingrained in the values that defined western society, Qatari leaders believed that social values could purify sports to become a method of socialisation. If mega-events were a means to increase Qatar’s influence in international relations, they also served as a cultural instrument that would impose a model for society and further increase the country’s influence.     

The non-existence of a universal topological type space

The concept of types was introduced by Harsányi (1967–1968). In the literature there are two approaches for formalizing types, type spaces: the purely measurable and the topological models. In the former framework Heifetz and Samet (1998) showed that the universal type space exists and later Meier (2001) proved that it is complete. In this paper we examine the topological approach and conclude that there is no universal topological type space in the category of topological type spaces.     

重大节事的经济效应实证研究——以北京奥运会的市场反应为切入点

文章基于公司层面,以北京奥运会为例研究了重大节事的经济效应;采用事件研究法和趋势分析法,选择奥运板块上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了奥运会这一重大节事的短期与长期经济效应。研究发现,从短期来看,申奥成功事件具有显著的经济刺激效应;从长期来看,奥运筹备期间体现出一定的财富积累效应。总体上来说,研究证实,北京奥运会的经济影响在微观层面是有限的,这一结论适用于经济总量较大情况下重大节事的经济影响评价,对于重大节事的管理与参与有一定的借鉴意义。