欠发达省域经济差异的时空演变分析

基于1989—2012年广西89个县域经济数据,利用分解的Theil指数和马尔可夫链方法,探索欠发达省域差异的时空演变。结果表明:广西区域差异对地理尺度很敏感,县域间的差异最大,其次为地市间,区域间的发展最为平衡。三大区域内部差距的增大是促成广西整体差异拉大的主导力量。广西区域经济发展存在俱乐部趋同现象,2000—2012年间的更为显著,欠发达地区极有可能陷入"贫困陷阱"。区域间的两极分化趋势增强,趋同俱乐部总体上呈环状分布特征。高水平趋同俱乐部的分布逐渐由市辖区扩散到邻近的县域。低水平趋同俱乐部主要分布在桂西资源富集区。中高水平趋同俱乐部环绕高水平趋同俱乐部外围,而中低水平趋同俱乐部集中分布在中高水平趋同俱乐部外围。广西县域单元平稳者居多,向上转移有所增加。     

全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力影响因素研究——基于文献分析视角

中小企业如何跨越全球价值链"低端锁定"是一个极富挑战性的课题,通过对国内外全球价值链下企业技术创新能力研究的梳理,一方面界定了全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力的概念,探讨了全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力生成与提高机理;另一方面,系统地总结了全球价值链下中小企业技术创新能力影响因素,并就全球价值链治理模式、企业战略、市场创新等因素对企业技术创新能力的影响进行了分析。     

Measurement in Financial Reporting: Half a Century of Research and Practice

The paper explores developments in the choice of measurement method in financial reporting over the half century that has elapsed since the foundation of Abacus in 1965. The discussion is confined to the specific problem of measuring individual assets and liabilities, rather than the wider problems of the choice of measurement unit (as in inflation accounting) or capital maintenance (as in income measurement). Changes in financial reporting practice and standards are considered in relation to developments in academic research. This has been a two‐way process: research has been stimulated by problems of practice, and practice, particularly as embodied in standards, has been influenced by the results of research. Both have been influenced by significant events in the world economy, notably the inflation of the 1970s and the global financial crisis that started in 2007. Historical cost has retained its position as the predominant measurement technique in practice, but considerable progress has been made in the implementation and understanding of current value measurements, although the principles for choosing between alternative current values (particularly ‘entry’ values as opposed to ‘exit’ values) require further exploration by standard setters, assisted by academic research.     

Earnings Metrics,Information Processing,and Price Efficiency in Laboratory Markets

An enduring issue in financial reporting is whether and how salient summary measures of firm performance (“earnings metrics”) affect market price efficiency. In laboratory markets, we test the effects of salient earnings metrics, which vary in how they combine persistent and transitory elements, on investor information search, beliefs about value, offers to trade, and market price efficiency. We find that including transitory elements in salient earnings metrics causes traders to search unnecessarily for further information about these elements and to overestimate their effect on fundamental value relative to a rational benchmark. In contrast, separately displaying persistent elements in earnings increases the accuracy of traders’ value estimates. Prices generally reflect traders’ beliefs about value, and prices are most efficient when transitory elements are excluded from earnings metrics entirely. Our study contributes to research on salience effects in financial reporting by showing that including transitory elements in salient earnings metrics causes inefficient information search and biased beliefs about value that can aggregate to affect market prices. We also contribute to research in experimental markets by showing that redundant disclosure is not always beneficial; redundant disclosure of transitory earnings elements, in particular, appears to have negative consequences for investor behavior and market efficiency.     

制度变迁、国际货币改革与中国的选择

文章认为国家经济价值的提高产生了对制度创新的需求,国际货币制度不均衡的关键原因是国家的经济价值。作为公共产品,由集体行动所供给的国际货币制度由于搭便车和外部性产生滞后效应。在陷入集体行动困境的现实国际货币体系中,由单个国家（中国）或自愿合作的国家集团（欧盟或亚洲货币区）所主导的诱致性的制度变迁是一种有效的边际改革,将会带来由美元主导的不稳定的国际货币体系变迁到多元的稳定的国家货币体系。由于中国的国家经济价值不断提升,国际货币制度的稳定需要人民币国际化。中国应该内外兼修,使人民币成为亚洲货币联盟的“锚”货币。     

Tracing Trade Interdependence between EU and East Asia

Abstract

There have been two related trends shaping global trade during the past couple of decades: the increasing role of international supply chains and the rise of China. Increased complexity in global trade has generated a need to construct more processed trade data — trade in value added — in order to deepen our understanding of trade relations between countries. In this article, we present a broad picture of trade in value added between the EU28 and East Asian countries. We find that East Asia is important as a final demand and supply chain export destination, especially for Northern European countries, while for CEE countries it is more important as an import source for both final demand and supply chain trade. Trade with East Asia is least important for Southern European countries. The production structure of an EU country seems to be one of the main factors explaining the importance of supply chain trade with East Asian countries. The data also suggest that supply chain trade could support the growth of domestic value-added exports to the supply chain trade partner country as well as to other countries.     

对2008-2018年《共产党宣言》研究的分析

在2008-2018年间,学界对《共产党宣言》的研究长期保持较高热度,研究的重点和热点与实践保持着密切的相关性。在此期间,研究相对集中在《共产党宣言》的翻译与传播研究、《共产党宣言》内在原理的研究,以及《共产党宣言》的当代价值与中国特色社会主义研究。研究呈现出角度多样化、内容深入细致化、跨学科研究趋势明显的特点。     

外国直接投资、加工贸易利益分配:U形价值链模型

文章指出,价值链各环节利益与市场结构和竞争力有关,一个国家在特定行业竞争力越大,就越能占据具有垄断优势的战略环节,提供价值链上越多的价值增加量。文章将企业价值链活动分为上游、中游、下游三个环节,并假定委托方为发达国家的跨国公司,代理人为发展中国家的加工企业,装配加工企业的产品通过加工贸易方式全部出口,加工贸易委托方决策服从收益最大化或成本最小化原则,从而建立了加工贸易U形价值链模型。分析表明,加工贸易利益的分配轨迹呈U形曲线,且会随着代理方数量的增加变得越来越陡峭,使代理方净贸易条件趋于恶化;跨国公司运用转移价格手段使U形曲线变得更加陡峭,代理方利益受损。这正是我国在国际分工中处于U形曲线底端的原因,我国贸易条件的变化与外国直接投资流入以及加工贸易发展有较大关系,单纯依靠数量扩张来改善收入贸易条件的空间越来越小,我国应把利用外资的主要目标放在外资的技术含量和产业结构调整上,应对成本动机的外国直接投资予以高度关注并给以必要的政策引导。     

一种基于顾客价值维度的满意测评基准设计方法

设计满意基准是顾客满意评测体系中的重要环节。本文以顾客价值理论为依据,探讨顾客满意与顾客价值的关系,并针对现行满意评测结果失效问题,提出了基于顾客价值维度的满意评测基准设计方法,最后以银行互动渠道的顾客价值维度建模,维度重要差异分类及基准设计实例,说明了该新方法主要实施过程。     

从价值链分析理论看我国的成本管理

企业价值链分析是一种战略性的分析工具。通过对价值链的分析,可以确认企业的价值活动有哪些,确定其发生的合理性,进而决定对其是消除还是改进;通过对竞争对手的价值链分析,还可以发现企业目前的成本是处于竞争优势还是竞争劣势,从而进行成本竞争地位的维持或改进。从价值链分析理论来看,我国的成本管理还存在诸多问题,我国企业必须从观念上、制度上、方法上对传统的成本管理系统进行重整再造,以适应日益激烈的国内及国外竞争环境。