技术进步、规模化经营与我国甘蔗主产区生产效率研究

[目的]农业种植业的发展是多种因素共同作用的结果,文章旨在探究技术进步和规模化经营两个重要着力点对农业种植业可持续健康发展的影响。[方法]通过DEA-Malmquist指数分析方法,利用2003—2017年中国甘蔗主产区甘蔗种植投入产出面板数据,测算了在农业种植业发展过程中的综合技术效率、技术进步以及全要素生产率增长状况,并对各甘蔗主产区技术进步以及规模化经营情况作对比分析。[结果]我国以及广东、广西的甘蔗生产效率呈下降的趋势,海南和云南则呈上升的趋势;技术进步是提升广东和云南甘蔗种植业生产效率的直接因素,而对广西和海南甘蔗种植业生产效率贡献最大的是规模化经营;近年来,广东、广西的甘蔗种植生产技术进步缓慢,甚至出现技术衰退;广东、广西和海南3地的甘蔗规模化经营还存在一定的优化空间,尤其是广东和海南地区。[结论]我国及各甘蔗主产区应根据农业种植业的区域发展差异,以因地制宜为首要原则,重视技术进步和综合技术效率同步改进的同时,更应注重通过技术进步来推动规模化经营的发展。     

Productivity and efficiency in the US: effects of business cycles and public capital

We add to the literature on the US productivity slowdown and effects of public capital on productivity by employing Malmquist productivity indexes to measure productivity. These indexes allow us to decompose productivity growth into efficiency change and technological innovation. We derive these components for each observation, which we exploit to explore factors which may lead to differences in productivity across regions, including business cycles, both own-state and cross-border public infrastructure investment, and relative sizes of the manufacturing, service and public sector. Our results suggest that the components of total factor productivity change lend important insights into the fairly complex effects of public capital on productivity growth.     

Using Malmquist index to select the strategic partners in vertical integration: the case of Taiwan LED supply chain

In recent years, green technology efficiency has been one of the most interesting issues when referring to energy saving. The light-emitting diode (LED) is one of the competitive industries on green technology in Taiwan. The objective of this article is to select the vertical strategic partners of the 22 LED companies through investigating performance of integration. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to evaluate the average efficiency change from 2011 to 2015. The empirical results show that the productivity change was influenced by both catch-up effects and frontier effects. For upstream companies, the MPI of Tekcore is superior to others because it maintained technical efficiency and technological change. For downstream companies, most of them are performed well in technical efficiency than technological change. This article helps LED manufacturers select the appropriate strategic partners to achieve competitive advantage.     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数和Tobit模型的长江经济带水资源福利绩效及影响因素

在构建水资源福利绩效指标体系的基础上,采用投入导向型的超效率DEA-CCR模型,测算了2008—2017年长江经济带11个省市的水资源福利绩效;利用Malmquist指数对水资源福利绩效进行解构,测算各驱动因素的贡献率,并采用面板Tobit回归模型检验长江经济带水资源福利绩效的影响因素。研究结果表明:2008—2017年,长江经济带水资源福利绩效处于有效状态,技术进步与创新是推动水资源福利绩效提高的主要因素;地区间差异呈"东部最高、中部次之、西部最低"的态势;产业结构、经济外向性、城市绿化、技术进步、政府环境规制效果对长江经济带水资源福利绩效均有一定影响,但是各因素影响方向、影响力度与显著性存在差异。     

外资并购对目标企业生产率的提升效应研究

利用我国A股上市公司2004-2010年的数据,使用基于DEA的Malmquist指数,考量外资并购对目标企业全要素生产率的影响,结果发现：外资并购有助于提高我国目标企业的全要素生产率,提升效应主要来自于对技术进步的推动;主并方来自于亚洲的并购比来自于欧美的并购对我国目标企业生产率的提升作用更好。相对于非国有企业,外资并购对国有企业生产率的提升效应更强。     

光伏产业竞争力国际比较—基于面板数据的实证分析

作为战略性新兴产业,经历了爆发式增长和“冰冻期”,如今的光伏产业发展水平如何？文章从微观的角度以2007至2014年19家公司相对效率值为基础,考察中、美、日、韩和挪威五国及产业链节点8年竞争力的变化,对比该公司Malmquist指数,分析其技术变化率与综合效率变化率,进而说明—国产业研发能力及公司管理能力,结合国家政策和并购案例,阐述政策和管理对光伏产业竞争力的影响,提出我国光伏产业市场化进程中应处理好的产业链发展问题以及政策关系问题.     

Efficiency and capital adequacy in Taiwan banking: BCC and super-DEA estimation

In this study the researchers adopt two DEA methods – Banker-Charnes-Cooper and Super Efficiency – to investigate whether a bank's technical efficiency is significantly different when capital adequacy (risk) is specified compared with when capital adequacy (risk) is not specified. The information is obtained from 46 Taiwanese banks for the period 2000 to 2002. The Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index is employed to measure the impact of productivity change on the panel data. The empirical results from the DEA approach are summarized as follows: (1) Capital adequacy is proven to be an influential factor in evaluating the efficiency of banks. (2) The average efficiency scores of banks with high capital adequacy (>8%) are significantly higher than those of banks with lower capital adequacy (<8%). (3) The efficiency scores of banks with high risk capital requirement (above the average) are higher than those of banks with lower risk capital requirement (under the average). (4) Banks with both high capital adequacy and high risk capital requirement are superior in performance than all the other banks, while banks with both low capital adequacy and low-risk capital requirement performance are the worst by contrast. (5) Based on the Malmquist total TFP index, we find that bank productivity has not increased.     

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的中国粮食生产用水效率研究

[目的]提高粮食用水效率是降低农业用水规模、缓解水资源供需矛盾的有效途径之一。通过测度中国31个省(市区)的粮食用水效率,揭示了其时间演变规律与空间分异特征。[方法]以中国31个省(市区)为研究样本,首先运用数据包络分析方法对2005年、2010年与2015年的粮食生产用水效率进行静态分析和评价,揭示各省(市区)粮食生产水资源投入松弛量,分析了中国东中西部地区的粮食生产用水效率的差异特征;其次,采用各省(市区) 2005—2015年的面板数据,运用Malmquist指数模型分析了中国粮食生产水资源全要素利用效率的时空演变趋势。[结果]中国大多数省(市区)粮食生产用水效率随着时间推移呈上升趋势,粮食生产技术进步是影响用水效率的关键因素;多数省份粮食生产用水效率处于规模报酬递减阶段,近50%的省份粮食生产用水存在冗余,应适当减少粮食生产用水量;从区域分布特征来看,中国粮食生产用水效率与区域经济发展水平及地理空间分布有关,与区域水资源丰沛程度负相关。[结论]国家应加大对粮食灌溉设施的技术投资,因地制宜优化粮食生产空间格局。     

A note on decomposing the Malmquist productivity index by means of subvector homotheticity

Summary. This paper introduces a decomposition of the Malmquist productivity index into component indexes. The motivation is to derive an analogue of the decomposition of the T?rnqvist index into productivity and quality change provided by Fixler and Zieschang (1992) to the Malmquist index. Since we employ no second order approximations, this decomposition requires additional structure, namely a generalized version of Shephard's (1970) inverse homotheticity, which we dub subvector homotheticity. We show that subvector homotheticity is necessary and sufficient for our decomposition. Received: July 10, 1998; revised version: August 11, 1999     

Measuring the road safety performance of Iranian provinces: a double-frontier DEA model and evidential reasoning approach

Abstract

Road traffic accidents are critical public issue in developing countries, and they annually waste a significant amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In order to urgently consider how this problem is related to the current policies, a proper safety evaluation of regional programmes in crash reduction is fundamental to the governments. The current research aims to employ a double-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess the productivity of Iranian regional safety programmes in reducing the number of road fatalities. The safety efficiencies of Iranian provinces are simultaneously estimated using the double frontier DEA to reflect both the optimistic and pessimistic points of view. Then, the Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach is applied to aggregate the obtained efficiency values. These provinces are ranked based on the data panel for 2014–2016. Finally, a double-frontier Malmquist productivity index (MPI) is used to comprehensively measure the safety performance of Iranian roads over a period of time.