Self-reporting mechanism for risk regulation

One problem in implementing risk regulation has to do with asymmetries in information between regulators and licensees. A possible solution is to provide incentives (e.g., more lenient standards) if violations (e.g., risk levels above some specified standard) are disclosed voluntarily by regulated firms, rather than being discovered through the regulator's monitoring efforts. This study adapts game-theoretic work in regulatory economics (where firms are usually viewed as being either compliant or non-compliant) to apply to the case of risk regulation (where firms can be described by continuously varying risk levels). This article derives equilibrium solutions for the self-reporting mechanism under different model formulations, and discusses the conditions under which these solutions are better than a traditional direct-monitoring regulatory scheme. For example, when firms can benefit (in the form of reduced costs) by increasing their risk levels, the results show that offering a loosened standard to encourage voluntary disclosure of risk levels is worthwhile only when a sufficiently large proportion of firms is believed to have high risk levels.     

逆周期监管工具、机制与中国的选择

本文梳理并总结了国内外专家学者对逆周期监管主要工具和机制的最新研究成果,分析了中国的经济周期与宏观调控的措施,提出了我国建立适当的逆周期监管工具和机制的路径选择。     

本土代工企业竞争力构成要素及提升路径

代工模式是常见的跨国合作模式，但理论上以委托制造为主题，立足于代工企业的研究却很少。同一般企业竞争力的表现不同．本土代工企业的竞争力主要体现在其与国际品牌客户建立与发展长期的战略伙伴关系方面。本文运用组织间关系理论，分别从代工企业的代工能力、可替代程度及合作关系的建立与发展能力等方面分析了其竞争力的构成，并提出了本土代工企业可以通过业务的延伸与拓展、自创品牌以及多种业务的动态组合等路径提升其竞争优势。     

流水施工进度计划的优化

为推进建筑企业管理现代化，文章简要介绍流水施工进度计划优化的途径和主要方法，既提高计划的科学合理性，又增加项目建设的经济效益。     

使股份制成为部分高校公有制主要实现形式途径探析

高等教育要快速发展,必须积极探索股份制这一新的办学模式,使部分高校通过股份制的形式,实现投资主体的多元化,加快高等教育的改革步伐。其途径是:积极提倡和推进非国有资本参与部分高校的改革改组;积极推行股份制,使之成为部分高校公有制的主要实现形式;积极发展"教职工股份     

领导干部要为先进生产力的发展开辟道路

“三个代表”之中最根本的是党要做先进生产力发展要求的代表。领导干部要为先进生产力的发展开辟道路 ,做先进生产力发展的促进派。为生产力的发展开辟道路是领导干部所肩负的历史使命和现实责任 ,在世纪之交的新形势下 ,领导干部如何更好地为先进生产力的发展开辟道路 ,是我们必须认真研究和切实加以解决的新课题。面向新世纪 ,领导干部要紧密结合国内外形势的变化 ,紧密结合我国社会生产力的最新发展和经济体制的深刻变革的实际 ,紧密结合人民群众对物质文化生活提出的新的发展要求 ,解放思想 ,大胆实践 ,切实为先进生产力的发展开辟道路。     

Hierarchical multi-objective evacuation routing in stadium using ant colony optimization approach

Evacuation planning is a fundamental requirement to ensure that most people can be evacuated to a safe area when a natural accident or an intentional act happens in a stadium environment. The central challenge in evacuation planning is to determine the optimum evacuation routing to safe areas. We describe the evacuation network within a stadium as a hierarchical directed network. We propose a multi-objective optimization approach to solve the evacuation routing problem on the basis of this hierarchical directed network. This problem involves three objectives that need to be achieved simultaneously, such as minimization of total evacuation time, minimization of total evacuation distance and minimal cumulative congestion degrees in an evacuation process. To solve this problem, we designed a modified ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, implemented it in the MATLAB software environment, and tested it using a stadium at the Wuhan Sports Center in China. We demonstrate that the algorithm can solve the problem, and has a better evacuation performance in terms of organizing evacuees’ space-time paths than the ACO algorithm, the kth shortest path algorithm and the second generation of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm were used to improve the results from the kth shortest path algorithm.     

中小学生职业生涯规划教育的构建与实施

培养教育学生,为其引领人生和职业发展方向,是教育者义不容辞的责任。从这个意义上讲,中小学职业生涯规划教育尤显重要。本文试图在得出中小学学生职业规划教育概念的基础上,从实施者、阶段化实施两个层面提出实施的途径与方法,以促进中小学学生更好地成长与发展。     

整区域推进高标准农田建设的基本逻辑、实践困境与实现路径

目的 文章阐释整区域推进高标准农田建设的基本逻辑，剖析实践困境，探明实现路径，以期为整区域推进高标准农田建设的理论研究和实践探索提供参考依据。方法 运用理论分析和实地调研相结合的方法进行分析。结果 （1）整区域推进高标准农田建设的基本逻辑主要包括要素整合、空间优化和价值增值三个方面；（2）当前整区域推进高标准农田建设主要面临资金来源、动力差异、组织效率、实施阻碍、管护效能等五大困境；（3）为扎实推进整区域推进高标准农田建设，应积极引导金融社会资本投入，积极引导新型经营主体参与、因地制宜推进多目标协同建设、完善全过程组织协调机制、系统优化建后管护。结论 整区域推进高标准农田建设的内涵更丰富、目标更多元、内容更广泛、实施更复杂，从基本逻辑、实践困境和实现路径进行全面解析，有利于系统理解整区域推进高标准农田建设，提升理论研究对建设实践的指导作用。     

Land use optimization in watershed scale

Managing a watershed for satisfying the inhabitant's demand is a difficult task if one has to maintain a reasonable balance between usually conflicting environmental flows and demands. The solution to these complex issues requires the use of mathematical techniques to take into account conflicting objectives. Many optimization models exist for general management systems but there is a knowledge gap in linking practical problems with the optimum use of all land resources under conflicting demands in a watershed. In the present study, an optimization problem has been formulated for the Brimvand watershed, Iran, comprising ca. 9572 ha to find out the most suitable land allocation to different land uses, viz. orchard, irrigated farming, dry farming and rangeland targeting soil erosion minimization and benefit maximization.