双向转诊制度实现路径:体系完善和机制创新

本文通过对英国NHS改革的经验总结,探讨双向转诊制度实现的必要条件,深入分析我国双向转诊制度现状和存在的不足,提出我国双向转诊制度实现路径。     

大学生和谐发展体系模式和机制建构探析

在研究大学生和谐发展的现状及制约因素的基础上,并基于大学生全面和谐发展目标实现的视角,从大学生和谐发展的理论出发,探索大学生和谐发展体系框架,并提出了和谐教育在大学生全面发展目标实现中的机制,以促进社会的全面和谐发展。     

上海旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的要求、路径、潜力与对策研究

在＂十二五＂期间,我国各级政府如何加快实现把旅游业培育成国民经济战略性支柱产业这一目标？这是一个具有重要理论与实践价值的课题。文章选择上海市为研究对象,对把旅游业培育成为国民经济战略性支柱产业的四大问题进行系统研究：（1）旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的含义与带动要求;（2）上海旅游产业发展的相对位置与成为战略性支柱产业的发展路径;（3）上海旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的发展潜力;（4）上海旅游业培育成战略性支柱产业的对策。文章的研究思路、方法与成果不仅对上海,而且对全国各地如何把旅游产业培育成战略性支柱产业,具有普遍的参考意义。     

The Trucking Sector Optimization Model: A tool for predicting carrier and shipper responses to policies aiming to reduce GHG emissions

In response to the growing Climate Change problem, governments around the world are seeking to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of trucking. The Trucking Sector Optimization (TSO) model is introduced as a tool for studying the decisions that shippers and carriers make throughout time (focusing on investments in Fuel Saving Technologies), and for evaluating their impact on life-cycle GHG emissions. A case study of fuel taxation in California is used to highlight the importance of (1) modeling the trucking sector comprehensively, (2) modeling the dynamics of the stock of vehicles, and (3) modeling different sources of emissions.     

二元财政的制度变迁：基于路径依赖的视角

植根于二元经济结构的二元财政制度总是执行有利于城镇部门发展，而且有损于农业部门发展的财政税收政策。这不仅造成了农村居民的长期贫困，而且还持续拉大城乡差距。基于新制度经济学的制度变迁分析结果显示，二元财政的制度安排内含自我增强机制，其变迁具有明显的路径依赖特征，所以，农村居民的贫困必然具有长期性，城乡差距也会持续拉大。因此，必须根据中国经济现实，对二元财政制度采取边际调整的改革措施和借助市场化的手段改善其赖以存在的经济环境，方可在长期内从整体上推动二元财政制度变迁，实现城乡平等的财政制度。     

An optimization approach to strategic sourcing: A case study of the United States Air Force

The DoD annually procures billions of dollars worth of systems, supplies, and services in support of the national military strategy. Faced with budget cuts and other resource constraints, the DoD must transform its procurement process to ensure cost-effective sourcing of critical supplies and services. One aspect of current transformation in the DoD is the use of a strategic sourcing approach for the procurement of services at military installations. Using the Air Force's strategic sourcing process as our context, we developed an optimization model for selecting a set of proposals from among multiple offerors for services to be performed at multiple installations. The selection achieves the most favorable objective by balancing the confidence level in an offeror's past performance with the cost of services to the Air Force. The research findings, which are based on a realistic scenario, demonstrate improvements over the current sourcing process in both overall performance and cost.     

新旧农业社会化服务组织协同制度的路径研究

随着整个国家经济社会发展,农业生产中出现了各种提供社会化劳动服务的新型服务合作社。新型服务社与原来的社会化服务组织如采取协同制度,整个社会福利将得到帕累托改进。制度经济学的理论可说明新旧服务组织的协同制度变迁路径。在制度变迁的初始阶段新型服务社是第一行动集团,潜在的利益推动制度变迁;地方政府是诱致性制度变迁的突破口,其发现潜在收益并转换角色,制度变迁表现为中间扩散;中央政府成为主导,继续推动制度变迁。推进协同制度应尊重服务社的选择,体制内的原有服务组织可以服务社作为新的平台提供服务,地方政府加强对体制内的原有服务组织考核,中央政府重塑农业社会化服务体系。     

国外政府绩效评估的发展路径研究

政府绩效评估是实现责任政府的途径和保证。国外主要发达国家的政府绩效评估经历了各自不同的发展路径。他们的成功经验给我国的政府绩效评估提供了有益借鉴，有利于推动中国特色政府绩效评估的健康发展，有利于公众参与并促进我国政府绩效评估目标的实现，也有助于我国建立现代化的政府绩效评估方法体系。     

An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter's competitive strategy framework and the resource‐based perspective

In this study we revisit some fundamental questions that are increasingly at the heart of current strategic management discourse regarding the relative impact of industry and firm‐specific factors on sustainable competitive advantage. We explore this issue by referring to respective assertions of two major perspectives that dominate the literature over the last two decades: the Porter framework of competitive strategy and the more recent resource‐based view of the firm. A composite model is proposed which elaborates upon both perspectives' divergent causal logic with respect to the conditions relevant for firm success. Empirical findings suggest that industry and firm specific effects are both important but explain different dimensions of performance. Where industry forces influence market performance and profitability, firm assets act upon accomplishments in the market arena (i.e., market performance), and via the latter, to profitability. The paper concludes with directions for future research that will seek to integrate both content and process aspects of firm behavior. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业成长理论与我国旅游企业并购的路径策略

文章运用新古典经济学和新制度经济学的企业成长理论以及企业内在成长理论,分析了企业成长与企业并购路径之间的内在联系,并从企业成长的角度对我国旅游企业并购提出了四大路径策略。