中国货币政策不确定性和宏观经济新闻的人民币汇率效应

基于2012年4月30日至2018年12月17日的银行间7天逆回购操作利率,本文首次使用波动率回归拟合的方法,从政策利率的角度改进中国货币政策不确定性指数,并进一步研究了在不同程度货币政策不确定性的情况下,人民币兑美元汇率对宏观经济新闻的反应。收集和构建10项宏观经济新闻后,本文发现当市场参与者普遍不能较为准确地预测未来政策变化的情形时,货币政策不确定性上升,在岸、离岸人民币兑美元汇率对宏观经济新闻的反应显著减弱。当货币政策存在较高不确定性时,市场对未来政策判断的分歧加剧,进而人民币汇率对宏观经济新闻的反应不足。在货币政策不确定性较高时,增加央行的汇率沟通,可以发挥其对宏观经济新闻的补充作用,同时增强市场对宏观经济基本面信息的反应。本文不仅丰富了货币政策不确定性的负面影响、经济后果以及宏观经济新闻的人民币汇率效应相关理论研究,而且为未来货币政策制定、调整和实施提供了有价值的依据,为货币当局进行有效外汇市场干预提供了经验参考。     

Accounting students’ perceptions of effective teaching and approaches to learning: impact on overall student satisfaction

This study is concerned with the ways to improve the quality of learning experiences of accounting students. Drawing on the effective teaching and student approach to learning literature, we hypothesise that effective teaching and students’ approach to learning (deep versus surface learning) are two important predictors of the quality of the learning experience. The hypotheses were tested using survey data of second-year undergraduate students enrolled in two core accounting subjects at an Australian university. The data were analysed using the partial least-squares structural equation modelling approach. The study aims to make a useful contribution to theory and teaching practice.     

The transition of China's monetary policy regime: Before and after the four trillion RMB stimulus

This paper studies the monetary policy of China in a flexible time-varying parameter vector autoregression model with stochastic volatility, with a focus on the monetary policy regime change around 2009 when the four trillion RMB stimulus started. We find that China has been transiting from targeting money quantity to targeting interest rate since 2009. The interest rate policy instrument played a bigger role in the central bank's monetary policy toolbox. We check an alternative identification strategy and a couple of different model settings to show the robustness of this conclusion.     

Impact of stock market trading on currency market volatility spillovers

This research aims to detect the volatility linkages among various currencies during operating and non-operating hours of three major stock markets (Tokyo, London and New York) by employing bivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model in selected currency pairs. In particular, the aim is to analyze whether the major stock markets have a differential impact on volatility linkages in currency markets. The results indicate that volatility linkages in intraday are far stronger then in daily results. One remarkable result is that rather than major currencies, some minor and exotic currencies play a leading role in volatility transmission during trading hours of major stock markets.     

“一带一路”倡议下企业如何规避外汇风险--基于经营性对冲和金融性对冲的比较

"一带一路"倡议下我国"走出去"的企业越来越多,企业国外业务占比日益增加,小币种汇率的不稳定性引致汇率波动风险不断攀升。本文基于2013-2017年264家参与"一带一路"建设的中国企业微观数据,实证检验了企业经营性对冲和金融性对冲策略的外汇风险对冲效果以及二者之间的关系。研究结果表明:经营性对冲和金融性对冲都能起到良好的对冲效果,经营性对冲的效果优于金融性对冲,二者之间是互补关系;东道国综合发展程度越高,企业采取经营性对冲策略的对冲效果越好,且制造业企业比非制造业企业更适合采用经营性对冲策略。     

The impact of offshore exchange rate expectations on onshore exchange rates: The case of Chinese RMB

This paper examines the impact of offshore RMB exchange rate expectations on onshore RMB (CNY) exchange rates. Employing data for the period of 2005–2018, we show that overall offshore market expectations influence onshore RMB rates, but this effect is significant only for the period after the “Second exchange rate regime reform” in 2010. The non-uniform nature of this impact is also confirmed by the existence of a threshold effect of the expectations in the same period. The study improves our understanding of how the offshore RMB market influences onshore RMB spot rates as a result of the marketization reform of the RMB exchange rate regime.     

Effects of uncertainty and risk aversion on the exposure of investment-style factor returns to real activity

How do uncertainty and risk aversion affect the behavior of investment-style factors? We argue that a significant channel through which both uncertainty and risk aversion impact aggregate risk factors is the exposure of factor returns to real activity. We analyze this issue using mixed data sampling decomposition of the sensitivity of factor returns to real activity into high- and low-frequency components. We find a positive and significant relation between uncertainty and risk aversion for the low-frequency component of the sensitivity of factor returns to economic activity. More importantly, risk aversion significantly amplifies the effects of uncertainty on real activity exposure. The quality-based factor is an important exception to these findings.     

The Real Estate Frontier

Africa's major cities are experiencing dramatic transformation as a result of growing real estate investment. This article explores whether existing theories can explain the dynamics of urban redevelopment in an African context, and how African cases can inform new theorizations of real estate driven urban transformation. Examining the utility of theories of gentrification and speculative urbanism for understanding urban redevelopment in Accra, Ghana, it argues that urban redevelopment in this city has been shaped by its particular (post)colonial history of state land acquisition and urban planning. Rather than simply identifying empirical variation on established theories, however, the article draws on recent research on commodity frontiers to propose an original theorization of urban redevelopment in Accra in terms of the production of a ‘real estate frontier’. This real estate frontier is characterized by the incremental and contested commodification of state land to enable the growth of the real estate sector in the city. The article concludes by calling for a comparative research agenda to better understand real estate frontiers globally.     

The nexus between country risk and exchange rate regimes: A global investigation

Using a sample of 110 countries over the period 1984–2013, this paper examines the impacts of country risks on choosing a specific exchange rate regime (first by utilizing the Levy-Yeyati and Sturzenegger de facto classification and then robusting it by the IMF de jure measurement) relative to other regimes via the panel multinomial logit approach. Empirical findings are as follows. First, in the full samples case we provide evidence that government is more likely to implement a flexible regime, but less likely to adopt a fixed regime, under a low level of composite and financial risk. Second, we find that Eurozone countries are more likely to choose a fixed exchange rate regime with a decrease in the level of country risk and favor a flexible regime in response to a shock from an increase of risk, which is opposite to non-Eurozone countries. Third, we note that high-risk countries are more likely to choose a fixed regime with a low level of composite and political risk in the government, but do not adjust the exchange rate regime as a shock absorber when facing economic and financial risks. It is interesting to see that those countries with relatively low risk display almost opposite results versus high-risk economies. Overall, we believe that it is critically important to account for political economy variables in a government’s exchange rate policy decisions, especially for country risks. All results are robust to the panel ordered probit model.     

Forecasting risk in the US Dollar exchange rate under volatility shifts

Recent evidence suggests that volatility shifts (i.e. structural breaks in volatility) in returns increases kurtosis which significantly contributes to the observed non-normality in market returns. In this paper, we endogenously detect significant shifts in the volatility of US Dollar exchange rate and incorporate this information to estimate Value-at-Risk (VaR) to forecast large declines in the US Dollar exchange rate. Our out-of-sample performance results indicate that a GARCH model with volatility shifts produces the most accurate VaR forecast relative to several benchmark methods. Our contribution is important as changes in US Dollar exchange rate have a substantial impact on the global economy and financial markets.