铁路局集团公司技术规章管理综合评价研究

为进一步优化铁路技术规章管理工作,提升铁路技术规章管理质量,应加快构建科学合理的技术规章管理评价机制。通过引入全生命周期理论,对铁路局集团公司技术规章全生命周期进行界定,选用AHP法构建技术规章评价体系,通过明确指标选定原则、构建技术规章管理模糊综合评价数学模型,提出各项评价指标的权重,并检验其一致性;根据技术规章评价结果,明晰铁路局集团公司可以通过加强技术规章生命周期各阶段管理、全面分析技术规章需求、完备技术规章审查材料、完善技术规章修订周期、建立技术规章反馈机制等策略,进一步提升铁路局集团公司技术规章管理水平。     

食品安全无小事,拭目以待看法制

新修订的《中华人民共和国食品安全法》于2015年10月1日起正式施行,本文将修订后的《食品安全法》与2009年颁布的《食品安全法》相比较,发现修订后的《食品安全法》在改善监管制度、注重流程预防、扩大监管范围、加重处罚力度、号召社会监督5个方面都做了改进。     

Where’s the beef? Cattle producers’ response to endangered species listings

Agricultural production in the United States relies on extensive land use that sometimes conflicts with federal policies to protect wildlife habitat. A prime example of this conflict is the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which can impose significant penalties on landowners and producers who destroy the habitat of listed species. While prior research has measured the effects of ESA regulations on land values and natural resources, no research has identified the consequences of listing a species on livestock production. In this study, we measure the effect of ESA listings on beef cattle production in the central United States. Results suggest that listing likely has a small positive effect on cattle stocks.     

Regulations, Supervision Approaches and Acquisition Likelihood in the Asian Banking Industry

We investigate the association between the regulatory and supervision framework and the likelihood of being involved in acquisitions either as acquirer or target in the Asian banking industry over the period 1998–2004. The sample consists of 473 commercial banks operating in 9 markets, a total of 2,693 yearly observations. We use information from the new database of the World Bank and examine various regulations such as the level of accounting and information disclosure requirements, the restrictions on bank activities, the degree of official disciplinary power, and capital adequacy requirements. Our results suggest that the latter two influenced the probability of becoming a target or acquirer; however, restriction on activities and disclosure requirements had no impact on the acquisition likelihood.     

The effects of labour costs and workplace constraints on foreign direct investment among highly industrialized countries

Drawing on economic propositions underlying theories of foreign direct investment and organizational propositions underlying international human resource management strategic decision making, the theoretical model developed herein integrates two distinct but interrelated strategic HRM assessments. In deciding where to invest, multinational companies (MNCs) assess both (1) the net comparative labour cost advantages associated with alternative host-country IR systems and (2) the comparative flexibility afforded them by alternative IR systems to either transfer or create preferred HRM strategies abroad. The results of the present study indicate that, on average, MNCs from the major investor countries of the world give substantial weight to differences in national IR systems in deciding how much to invest across alternative high-skill, highwage countries. In particular, the evidence indicates that MNCs have invested more in countries with higher skills, lower compensation costs and lesser government and collective bargaining constraints on MNCs' flexibility to set the terms and conditions of employment or otherwise deploy preferred HRM practices abroad.     

The quality of Neuer Markt quarterly reports—an empirical investigation

When compared with its prior performance, the year 2001 is not one of the best years for the Neuer Markt. The Neuer Markt's reputation has been marred by the practice of several companies on the exchange that have published misleading information in the form of incomplete annual and quarterly data. In this study, we examine the quality of Neuer Markt quarterly reports by concentrating on the disclosure level of 47 Neuer Markt companies' reports for the third quarter of 1999, 2000, and 2001. To enable making comparisons, we have established four disclosure indexes that measure each report's compliance with the Neuer Markt Rules and Regulations (NM Rules and Regulations) as well as with International Accounting Standards (IAS) and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) interim reporting standards. We then attempt to find typical attributes of Neuer Markt enterprises that provide high or low level of disclosure accounting information in their quarterly reports. The results demonstrate that the level of disclosure has increased over time, partly in response to additional enforcement. In this regard, the quarterly reports standardization project of Deutsche Boerse is an important landmark in satisfying investors' information needs.     

PPMs标准与WTO规则的关系解析

本文分析论证了环境保护的PPMs标准与WTO规则的冲突和协调。为实现国际环境保护与国际贸易的自由化的协调发展，文章提出在现有的WTO规则中完全接纳环境保护的PPMs标准的方法，并从理论和实务两方面论证了这种方法的可行性。     

绿色贸易壁垒对新疆出口贸易的影响

产品安全问题在今国际贸易中越来越多的引起关注。绿色贸易壁垒已成为中国出口产品的主要障碍，新疆主要出口产品已受到影响并面临严峻挑战。充分认识和了解绿色贸易壁垒对新疆出口贸易的影响对稳定和发展新疆对外贸易具有重要意义。本文分析了绿色贸易壁垒对新疆主要出口产品的影响，在此基础上提出了几点对策。     

"就业准入制度"是门槛更是机遇--浅析就业准入制度对大学生就业的影响

本通过对新形势下大学生就业政策中关于“进一步完善并严格执行就业准入制度”进行浅析，提出大学生应转变就业观念，迎合大众化教育模式，重视专业技术和职业资格，学历证书和职业资格证书并举，为毕业和就业“零距离”打好基础。