Reciprocity,Multiplexity, and Exchange: Measures

We introduce measures and statistical tests for multiplexity and exchange that are modeled on similar ideas developed for reciprocity quite early in the history of social network research. As properties of a multi-relation network, multiplexity, and exchange have almost as ancient a history as reciprocity, but have not been as intensively investigated from a methodological perspective. Multiplexity refers to the extent to which two ties, for example, advice and friendship, coincide over population; that is, do respondents name the same people as friends as the persons they nominate as individuals from who they seek advice. Exchange refers to the extent to which a tie of one type directed from person i to person j is returned by a tie of another type from j to i. We conceive of the current paper as the first part of a two-part paper, wherein the second part explores specific theoretical models for multiplexity and exchange.     

Purchasing Power Parity under Regime Shifts: An Application to Asian Countries*

This paper re‐examines the long‐run purchasing power parity (PPP) relationship for nine Asian countries relative to the USA and Japan during a period containing significant structural breaks. The relevance of considering structural breaks in PPP tests is demonstrated by utilizing the Johansen et al. (2000) procedure that allows for up to two pre‐determined structural breaks. Using conventional tests without considering breaks, one is able to reject the null of no cointegration for only four countries. The Johansen et al. procedure clearly demonstrates the importance of allowing for structural breaks and provides strong support for long‐run PPP for all the countries, regardless of the base country, except in the case of the Philippines vis‐à‐vis Japan. The Hansen–Johansen parameter constancy test indicates stability for all the countries except the Philippines relative to the USA and Malaysia relative to Japan.     

Diagnostics cannot have much power against general alternatives

Model diagnostics are shown to have little power unless alternative hypotheses can be narrowly defined. For example, the independence of observations cannot be tested against general forms of dependence. Thus, the basic assumptions in regression models cannot be inferred from the data. Equally, the proportionality assumption in proportional-hazards models is not testable. Specification error is a primary source of uncertainty in forecasting, and this uncertainty will be difficult to resolve without external calibration. Model-based causal inference is even more problematic.     

中国企业品牌运营现状的分析

中国市场已向世界全面开放，市场竞争阵地已从传统的产品、价格转移到以品牌为核心的较量。面对国外品牌的冲击，中国企业必须在充分认识品牌运营现状的基础上，积极开展品牌运营，提高品牌竞争力，才能在国际市场竞争中立于不败之地。     

鱼骨图在计量工作中的应用

经济要发展,计量是保证,计量工作是国民经济和科学技术发展的基础。本文介绍了一种能够发现问题的"根本原因"的分析方法,希望能够帮助大家更准确更快地发现计量检定过程中遇到的问题。     

中国通货膨胀持续性的非对称特征研究--基于分位数自回归模型和分位数单位根的研究

基于1990－2013年中国月度CPI数据,本文通过运用分位数自回归模型和分位数单位根检验方法,研究了中国通货膨胀惯性的非对称特征,并分析了不同分位点上的通货膨胀惯性系数、单位根检验结果和半衰期。结果发现：中国的通货膨胀持续期存在明显的非对称特征,1998年之后通货膨胀持续性要显著低于1998年之前;相比于高通货膨胀水平,低通货膨胀水平上的通货膨胀持续性要显著降低。     

事业单位国有资产管理的制度设计、治理机制及其他

对事业单位国有资产管理进行改革已越来越迫切.作为规范性的事业单位的主体社会公益型组织,评价其资产管理工作的好坏不是以它们所创造的货币收益多少为指标,而必须研究设计出一整套多元的科学指标体系;应在医院、学校等事业单位建立理事会或董事会治理结构;重建成本核算的财务会计制度.     

我国沿海地区渔业发展的收敛特征研究

我国沿海地区渔业的加速发展伴随着渔业区域差异的相应变动.借鉴经济增长区域差异的研究思路,分别采用变异系数和傅里叶单位根检验方法对沿海地区渔业发展的σ收敛和β收敛趋势进行检验.研究结果表明,我国沿海地区渔业发展的σ收敛趋势较弱,而β收敛特征集中于渔业发展水平较高的省份,呈现“俱乐部收敛”态势.因此,沿海各省份应根据自身实际情况采取相应措施,提高渔业发展水平,同时推进渔业的区域协调发展.     

共识、合作、自我和谐：构建和谐单位的三重奏

和谐社会是一种理念,是我们社会的追求、目标和共识,包含了团结、公平、共识、理解、包容等观念。单位是社会的细胞,本文从事业、团队和个人三个层面论述了构建和谐单位的着眼点,即事业要发展,团队要合作,心态要阳光,并以激励措施为例,提出了构建和谐单位的一些做法设想。     

Balancing budget through tax increases or expenditure cuts: is it neutral?

Fiscal adjustment currently ranks at the top in the economic policy agenda of many OECD countries, and not only those European countries aiming to meet the Maastricht convergence criteria. Recently, Alesina and Perotti argued that successful cases of fiscal adjustment resulted from cutting expenditures, while those focusing on tax increases were unsuccessful. The paper, using a bivariate VECM representation for the joint government revenue–government expenditure dynamics for five of the main OECD countries, provides two contributions to this issue. First, it proposes and performs a neutrality test of the alternative adjustment strategies (through revenue or expenditures), second it characterizes the departure from neutrality in the three countries where the neutrality hypothesis is rejected. The conclusion, prevailing for these three countries, is that adjustment through taxes not only is inefficient, but even results in a perverse effect with induced extra expenditures which more than offset the increase in government revenue.