旅游景区偏好与实际到访的差异度研究——以西安为例

本文利用调查问卷获得一手数据,采用定量计算与定性分析相结合的方法,先对西安市主要景区进行旅游景区偏好与实际到访人数的差异度计算。而后,通过游客客源结构、出游特征等基础数据与景区管理人员和游客的访谈资料,定性分析产生结果的原因。通过对调查数据和访谈资料的处理与分析,本文认为产生这种差异的原因主要有交通、消费、设施、营销。     

Modeling air travelers’ choice of flight departure and return dates on long holiday weekends

Air travel demand is typically high on long holidays. Understanding factors that influence the choice of air travelers with respect to their departure and return dates on long holidays can help airlines make effective decisions on pricing, ticket sales, and scheduling. We conduct a stated preference survey to examine the preferences of low-cost airline travelers on a particular holiday weekend. A temporally correlated logit model is developed to account for the temporal correlation of day-of-the-week alternatives. The results indicate that airfare is the key variable affecting air travel date choices. The utility of day alternatives decreases when more leave days are required before the holiday begins. Departure dates before the beginning of the holiday weekend and return dates after the end of the holiday are highly substitutable. The low-fare strategy comprising early departures and late returns can effectively increase the load factor of off-peak flights on long holiday weekends.     

Do family members agree on family purchase decision? – an empirical study among families in Hong Kong

Family decision making is one of the most important consumer decisions. It is complicated because all family members can be involved in the decision‐making process. The current study examined the impact of perceived buying preferences of individual family member on perceived family buying preferences. A new family decision‐making model with family members’ buying preference is proposed based on resources theory, social learning theory and family system theory. It is found that there is a synergy effect in a family decision‐making process. The synergy effect is expressed as positive correlations between individual family members buying preferences. Quota sampling was adopted to collect primary data in Hong Kong using triadic approach. Managerial implications and future research directions are suggested.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

遏制收入分配马太效应的金融扶贫思考

面对当今收入分配领域中凸显的马太效应,如果低收入群体自身增收乏力,完全依赖财政扶贫来支撑社会保障需求的不断增加显然是难以为继的,必须创造条件为低收入群体自身发展建立长效增收机制。文章揭示了金融扶贫能够通过公平配置金融资源,提高低收入群体增加就业和增收的可能性。     

美国责任保险危机根源的经济分析

利用经济学的方法研究责任保险危机与过度诉讼、超额惩罚性赔偿金之间的关系,指出21世纪美国责任保险危机的出现是由其日益增长的惩罚性赔偿金和过度诉讼倾向所导致的。惩罚性赔偿金的存在会造成过度诉讼的加剧,且责任保险本身的存在也会造成过度诉讼。过度诉讼的来源根植于法庭诉讼对责任保险投保人的判决偏好。最后,总结了美国医疗责任保险危机对我国的启示。     

国家效用偏好与超额货币供给:基于非均衡计量系统的估计

基于国家效用偏好函数,本文构建了一个包含政府偏好在内的货币供求非均衡计量系统,对我国1999—2011年季度数据的加权两阶段最小二乘回归显示,我国货币市场存在着显著的非均衡现象,国家效用偏好使政府在货币化进程中获得了大量的金融收益,这些成为推动超额货币供给增长的重要诱因。因而,控制超额货币引致的流动性过剩现象,一方面需要规范我国债券市场的承购行为,另一方面也需要加大货币政策对投资领域的结构调控。     

An empirical test of contributing factors to different forms of maverick buying

Maverick buying is the non-compliant, off-contract buying of goods and services, for which an established procurement process is in place based on pre-negotiated contracts with selected suppliers. The phenomenon is common in organizations using organization-wide frame agreements. Maverick buying prevents the full utilization of volume discounts negotiated, and also raises unnecessary process costs. This paper focuses on three types of maverick buying drawn from previous literature. Survey data on Finnish governmental procurement is used to test whether characteristics of users and their work contexts, drawn from literature in organizational behavior, affect the reasons for engaging in maverick buying. The results provide guidance on how different types of maverick buying in an organization can be reduced. Specifically, it is shown that all types of maverick buying can be reduced by limiting the task autonomy of the buyers. Additionally, different types of training can help prevent the behavior. Investing in reward and sanction systems, however, does not appear to be helpful in reducing the three types of maverick buying tested for in this study.     

科技税收优惠政策落实的现状与对策研究——以江苏省为例

科技创新活动的离风险性,使得从事科技创新活动的经济主体的收益具有很大的不确定性。政府一般采用财政税收政策来弥补市场调节的不足,补偿企业由于进行科技创新所带来的利益损失,尤其是通过税收收入让渡等方式进行调控争引导,鼓励企业的创新活动。文章阐述了江苏省利用科技税收政策引导企业开展科技创新、促进企业提升核心竞争力的举措和成效,并针对江苏省科技税收优惠政策落实的现状和问题提出对策建议。