Revisiting the theory of optimum currency areas: Is the CFA franc zone sustainable?

This paper aims at explaining why the CFA countries have successfully maintained a currency union for several decades, despite failing to meet many of optimum currency area criteria. We suggest that the CFA zone, while not optimal, has been at least sustainable. We test this sustainability hypothesis by relying on the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) approach. In particular, we assess and compare the convergence process of real exchange rates towards equilibrium for the CFA zone countries and a sample of other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Our findings evidence that internal and external balances have been fostered and adjustments facilitated in the CFA zone as a whole—compared to other SSA countries—as well as in each of its member countries.     

人民币区域化货币动因研究进展——基于CAFTA的实证研究

随着中国—东盟自由贸易区的顺利落成,意味着我国与东盟的经贸往来将变得更加密切,而人民币在东南亚的流通和使用就必然面临着人民币区域化。人民币区域化理论研究的突破应和如何把握CAFTA这个平台结合起来。本文通过综述相关文献来厘清人民币区域化的货币动因,并通过相关实证研究阐释CAFTA这个贸易平台对与人民币区域化顺利实施的重要意义。     

补充货币的理论、实践与启示——基于后危机时代的思考

补充货币作为官方货币的补充形式，具有异于官方货币的独特功能，为应对当前货币危机、失业、老龄化、环境污染等问题提供了有益的思考。文章在回顾补充货币的相关理论的基础上，考察了补充货币在不同时期的实践情况，提出补充货币对解决我国经济和社会问题的重要意义。     

补充货币、社区货币及其试运行路径

通过对克鲁格曼、列特尔和党爱民等学者的研究文献解读，有了补充货币及其社区货币中国试运行的四种选择路径：公益互助性的城市社区货币所昭示的时间经济具有旺盛的生命力；在农村流行的道义性“社区货币”中硬塞进一个信用券证无助于扶贫济困；以名目繁多的消费券为主要标志的社会分红试验显示出全民分红逐渐推广的重要迹象；对网络虚拟货币突破货币发行政府垄断之“门”的小小缺口，宜疏不宜堵。     

Renminbi＇s Potential to Become a Global Currency

This paper is a tentative endeavor to delineate the potential of the renminbi to become a global currency. It first analyzes the critical economic, financial and policy attributes that are required to support a currency to gain an international role. It then examines whether China has the potential to acquire these attributes. The paper concludes by offering some provisional observations on the implications for Asia and the global economy, should the renminbi evolve into a world currency in the coming decades.     

中日货币国际化比较研究

作为具有价值尺度、支付手段、贮藏手段和流通手段等职能的货币,其国际化程度的高低会影响到资源配置的有效性。日本经济高速增长催生的日元国际化,其波浪式前进引人深思;人民币国际化的推进面临国际环境的不确定性。日元国际化的缘由、发展、效果对人民币国际化的推进启示深刻。     

Changes of Thai economy since 19701 1

Within the last 30 years, the number of Thai population increased from 35 million to 62 million, the general price level went up 6 times, and Thai currency baht devaluated 2.2 times against the dollar. The industrial production increased 36 times nominally. The biggest industry of Thailand changed from agriculture to manufacture, and the total value of exports jumped by 192 times and that of imports grew by 95 times. Thai current account balance had recorded a deficit every year from 1970 to 1996. During the same period of time, however, the capital account balance had shown surplus. The inflow of foreign capital was the only stronghold of Thai economy at that time. In 1997, Thailand suddenly experienced a total change of its external environment From then on, Thai current account shifted from a deficit to a surplus and Thai capital account turned from a surplus to a deficit. The conclusion of this paper indicates that the future of Thai economy is heavily dependent on whether the amount of surplus in Thai current account could surpass the deficit in Thai capital account     

货币危机的政治经济学解释:文献评述

作者从文献的角度对货币危机的政治经济学解释做了一次比较全面的梳理,从中可以看出国际金融政治经济学的研究特点和思维方式。在理论构建上,政治经济学的学者们完全沿用了经济学模型中的不完全信息和动态博弈论,引入了预期的形成以及市场交易者和政府之间的战略互动,从而成功地把各种政治和经济变量纳入到一个模型之内。他们的贡献是,把政治变量引入到市场交易者和政府的预期形成中,强调了政治变量以及作为一种信息的政治变量在市场交易者和政府预期中的作用或者地位,并强调了政治变量在市场交易者和政府之间战略互动或动态博弈过程中的作用,从而更好地解释了货币危机的原因,提高了预测货币危机的准确性。在实证研究上,政治经济学通过预期效用函数、战略概率模型等方式,较为成功地实现了对政治因素这个分类变量的模型化,较好地实现了对政治因素的量化分析。     

Corporate governance and efficiency in banking: evidence from emerging economies

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the impact of corporate governance on bank efficiency across a sample of 139 commercial banks from 17 countries of Central and Eastern Europe during the period 2005–2012. Data on governance characteristics are hand-collected from banks’ reports. The empirical findings indicate that implementing rigorous corporate governance structures is associated with higher costs for banks and a lower level of efficiency. However, during the crisis, a tight governance mechanism significantly increases banks’ cost and technical efficiencies. We also show that prudent risk management is associated with both higher cost and technical efficiency for more capitalized banks, while rigid supervisory boards are linked with greater technical efficiency for more capitalized banks.     

一般性借款费用资本化处理的探讨

财政部于2006年修订了并颁布《企业会计准则第17号—借款费用》,将借款费用资本化的范围、对象等扩大,实质上与国际准则接轨,但在实际运用中因其计算复杂等原因,造成在部分企业中无法落地实施。有鉴于此,准则在制定、发布时既要结合现实社会经济业务的复杂性,又要考虑企业在实务上的可操作性。不仅如此,企业财会人员在实务操作中应运用职业判断,在实事求是的基础上开展账务处理和审计判断。此外,还应鼓励并强化实证研究,增大利息资本化信息的透明度。